abacavir / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

ATYPICAL IGA NEPHROPATHY UNMASKED BY IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN A HIV PATIENT (ISN-WCN 2026) - "However, IRIS leading to the unmasking of glomerular diseases is rarely reported.Methods A 42-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV presented with nausea and vomiting for 2 weeks, two months after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) 300 mg, lamivudine 300mg, and dolutegravir 50 mg...DIF studies showed mesangial IgA (3+), C3 (1+), and kappa (3+) staining and lambda (1+).Download: Download high-res image (868KB)Download: Download full-size imageResults She was treated with IV methylprednisolone 500 mg for 3 doses, followed by oral prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg body weight. HAART was modified to an abacavir-based regimen...To conclude, this case emphasizes the need for clinicians to be aware of the diverse renal manifestations of IRIS in the setting of HIV. It also underscores the need for vigilance after initiating HAART."

Clinical • Glomerulonephritis • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • IgA Nephropathy • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Monoclonal Gammopathy • Renal Disease • CD4

VANISHING BILE DUCT SYNDROME RELATED TO AVACOPAN THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH ANCA-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS. (ISN-WCN 2026) - "Following steroid pulse therapy, she started oral prednisolone 40 mg daily, combined with avacopan. At a post-discharge outpatient visit (day 32 of avacopan administration), marked elevation of liver enzymes was noted, requiring readmission.Results The patient was diagnosed with liver injury due to abacavir and abacavir was discontinued...Treatment with plasma exchange resulted in improvement of the liver injury, and the patient was discharged.Conclusion To avoid progression to severe liver dysfunction, strict monitoring of liver function is required during treatment. Plasma exchange may be useful for improving liver dysfunction caused by avacopan.We presented atThe 55th Western Regianal Meeting of the Japanese Society of Nephrology."

Clinical • ANCA Vasculitis • Glomerulonephritis • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Vasculitis

A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System Through Prodrug Approach. (PubMed, CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets) - "Despite the encouraging outcomes of many experimental studies, the clinical translation and application of CNS-targeted prodrugs in a clinical setting remains a hurdle. Continued future research is crucial for optimizing prodrug design, for ensuring safety, and efficacy in human models."

Journal • CNS Disorders

Agricultural dissolved black carbon modulates photodegradation of antiviral drug: Insights from optical and molecular signatures. (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "The abacavir is easily transformed via photolysis in waters due to the presence of cyclopropyl and amino functional groups, and reaction pathways mainly involves with hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrogen abstraction, and C-N bond cleavage. This study highlights the critical role of source-specific molecular composition in dictating the photochemical activity of DBC, which is essential for accurately predicting the environmental fate of antiviral drugs in sunlit waters."

Journal

Body Composition Changes in Children Living With HIV Initiated on Dolutegravir or Protease Inhibitors in the CHAPAS-4 Trial. (PubMed, Pediatr Infect Dis J) - "DTG and ATV/r were associated with greater gains in fat-free mass and muscle mass than LPV/r, while DRV/r, TAF and prior nevirapine exposure were associated with fat mass accrual. Fat gain may initially reflect return to health but sustained increases may have metabolic implications. These findings suggest the need to monitor fat compartments with long-term exposure."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Epigenetic Landscape of Female Infertility: An Integrated Bioinformatics Perspective on DNA Methylation, MicroRNAs, and Gene Regulatory Networks Across PCOS, Endometriosis, and Diminished Ovarian Reserve. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Additionally, our drug repurposing analysis identified several FDA-approved drugs, including Abacavir and Peginterferon Alfa-2b, suggesting that the HCK gene may be a viable target for drug development to address female infertility. Furthermore, we identified 192 genes that correlated with DNA methylation and expression levels in PCOS. Thus, this study underscores the epigenetic convergence of different female infertility diseases and highlights potential biomarkers and therapeutic options that could enhance treatment in reproductive medicine."

Journal • Endometriosis • Gynecology • Infertility • Inflammation • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome • Sexual Disorders • Women's Health • HCK • MIR141 • SPI1

Longitudinal changes in bone mineral density among children living with HIV over 96 weeks following switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. (PubMed, PLOS Glob Public Health) - "CLWH aged 3-15 years switched to second-line ART including tenofovir alafenamide fumarate-emtricitabine (TAF/FTC) or standard-of-care (SOC) (abacavir (ABC) or zidovudine (ZDV) with dolutegravir (DTG), atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)...-0.30,95% CI: -0.46, -0.15], p < 0.001) and first-line nevirapine (NVP) exposure (-0.25,95% CI: -0.43, -0.06, p = 0.009)...Smaller declines in TBLH BMD were associated with higher baseline fat mass, higher LS HA BMD, and use of DRV/r, DTG, or ATV/r compared with LPV/r. These findings emphasize the importance of ART selection and body composition in supporting bone health among CLWH."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Kidney Disease in HIV Infected Children on HAART in Nigeria. (PubMed, Afr Health Sci) - "A statistically significant association was observed between renal disease and high viral load, as well as the use of an abacavir or tenofovir-based regimen. These findings emphasize the importance of regular kidney function monitoring and tailored antiretroviral therapy selection in the management of HIV-infected children."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV. (PubMed, Elife) - P2 | "Twenty HIV-infected adults, who had received a triple ART consisting of 50 mg DTG/600 mg abacavir/300 mg lamivudine pre-intensification and had been suppressed on ART for at least 2 years, were enrolled in a phase 2 randomized clinical trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ identifier: NCT05351684). Our results strongly suggest that the pre-intensification ART regimen was not completely suppressive. If confirmed in larger clinical trials, these results could have an impact on the clinical management of PWH and HIV curative strategies."

Clinical • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • CD4 • CD8

Update on pharmacogenetics in pediatrics. (PubMed, An Pediatr (Engl Ed)) - "Drug-gene pairs with greater use in pediatrics are presented in more detail, such as proton pump inhibitors and CYP2C19, Abacavir, allopurinol, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and phenytoin with HLA-A and HLA-B genes, voriconazole and CYP2C19, tacrolimus and CYP3A5, aminoglycosides and MT-RNR1, thiopurines and TMPT/NUDT15, or atomoxetine and CYP2D6. Despite current limitations, the use of pharmacogenetics in pediatrics can and should be implemented in those cases where regulatory agencies and/or scientific societies recommend it."

Biomarker • Journal • Pediatrics • CYP2C19 • CYP3A5 • HLA-B • NUDT15

Repurposing of FDA-Approved Antiviral Drugs Against Monkeypox Virus: Comparative In Vitro Screening and Structure Based In Silico Studies. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Twenty-three FDA-approved drugs, including Abacavir, Acyclovir, Amantadine, Chloroquine, Daclatasvir, Dolutegravir, Entecavir, Favipiravir, Hydroxychloroquine, Lamivudine, Molnupiravir, Nevirapine, Oseltamivir, Penciclovir, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir, Tenofovir, Valaciclovir, Valganciclovir, Velpatasvir, Zanamivir, and Zidovudine, were screened for potential anti-monkeypox activity in vitro...The employed computational methods indicate that remdesivir demonstrated superior binding patterns with elevated scores and stable complexes throughout the simulation. Our findings showed that Remdesivir therapeutic compound is potent against the tested strain of MPXV, and exhibited a robust binding affinity for Thymidylate Kinase, A42R Profilin-Like Protein, and VACV D13 enzymes, and thus may potentially be utilized as antiviral for the treatment of monkeypox virus."

FDA event • Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

Type I and II Interferons Drive Abacavir Hypersensitivity via Treg Suppression and T-Cell Enhancement in Immunocompetent HLA-Transgenic Mice. (PubMed, Allergy) - "In vivo upregulation of HLA expression modulates the balance between drug-specific and regulatory T cells, thereby promoting optimal pDC expansion and enhancing IFN-α production, which counteracts Treg-mediated ABC tolerance. IFN-γ secretion by drug-specific CD8+ T-cells promoted APC and effector T-cell function that led to the development of ABC-associated hypersensitivity reactions in immunocompetent HLA Tg mice."

Journal • Preclinical • Immunology • CD8 • HLA-B • IFNA1 • IFNG

Eco-friendly nanoscale recognition: a MIP-based electrochemical sensor for selective determination of abacavir in pharmaceutical and serum samples. (PubMed, Anal Bioanal Chem) - "Detailed selectivity tests validated the sensor's high affinity to ABC in the presence of structurally and pharmaceutically related drugs (lamivudine, zidovudine, tenofovir, etc.). Additionally, the Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach (AGREE), the Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep), the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), and the Analytical Greenness Assessment Tool for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Synthesis (AGREEMIP) tools were utilized to assess sensor's green profile. The ACR-ABC/MWCNT-NH2@MIP/GCE sensor demonstrated its potential to provide a selective, reliable, low-cost, and efficient analytical tool for ABC analysis."

Journal

Comparison of different methods for the detection of HLA-B* 57:01 allele in people living with HIV in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "Nested (two-step) and HCP5 gene PCR (single-step) are simple, rapid and cost-effective methods for HLA-B*57:01 allele detection and either can be adapted in the ART centre located in resource-poor settings."

Clinical • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • HLA-B

Cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV in Malaysia: A competing risks cohort analysis. (PubMed, HIV Med) - "CVD risk among PLHIV is non-negligible. Integrating CVD prevention into HIV care is critical, particularly for older adults and those on specific ART regimens."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV. (PubMed, medRxiv) - "Twenty HIV-infected adults, who had received a triple ART consisting of 50mg DTG/600 mg abacavir/300 mg lamivudine pre-intensification and had been suppressed on ART for at least two years, were enrolled in a phase 2 randomized clinical trial. Our results strongly suggest that the pre-intensification ART regimen was not completely suppressive. If confirmed in larger clinical trials, these results could have an impact on the clinical management of PWH and HIV curative strategies."

Clinical • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • CD4 • CD8

High-throughput screening for class I peptide MHC binding via yeast surface display. (PubMed, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A) - "Through this, we isolate unique biological phenomena such as alteration of the peptide presentation of HLA-B57 via interaction with the antiviral small molecule abacavir. We apply this approach to multiple pathogen proteomes (Mycobacterium tuberculosis Type VII secretion substrates, SARS-CoV-2, Dengue, and Zika) to create a comprehensive list of potential T cell antigens. Altogether, this platform acts as a flexible tool to generate large unbiased datasets for class I peptide binding at a speed and scale competitive with the biological systems they represent."

Journal • Dengue Fever • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Targeted cellular depletion in an immune-liver-on-a-chip platform elucidates cell-type-specific heterogeneity in drug-induced hepatotoxicity. (PubMed, Commun Biol) - "We applied the targeted depletion strategy to resolve cell population-specific contributions to hepatotoxic outcomes using four mechanistically diverse compounds: acetaminophen, ethinyl estradiol, sulfamethoxazole, and abacavir. The immune-dependent toxicity resolution was further validated using a known immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury drug, allopurinol. Overall, this study establishes a targeted cell depletion strategy integrated within an immunocompetent liver-on-a-chip platform, enabling rapid identification of hepatotoxic determinants, and represents a significant advancement in predictive toxicology systems, while providing strategic insights for subsequent pathway analysis."

Heterogeneity • Journal • Hepatology • Liver Failure

Comparative Safety of B/F/TAF vs. Other Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens for Treatment-Experienced People With HIV-1: A Systematic Literature Review and Indirect Comparisons Using Multilevel Network Meta-Regression (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Compared to B/F/TAF, ML-NMR results showed significantly greater decline in eGFR from baseline with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) (mean difference [95% CrI]: -4.40 [-5.30, -3.51]) and DTG/abacavir/3TC (-3.60 [-5.74, -1.50]); change in eGFR was similar to DTG+F/TAF (-1.19 [-3.35, 1.06]). B/F/TAF demonstrated a more favorable renal safety profile compared to tenofovir-sparing DTG-based regimens, with similar all-cause discontinuation rates compared to other recommended ARTs, including DTG/3TC, and the investigational NRTI-sparing doravirine/islatravir. These findings support B/F/TAF as a renally safe and well-tolerated treatment option for TE PWH."

Clinical • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Distribution and efficacy of dolutegravir-based regimens in the main HIV outpatient care in Caracas, Venezuela. (PubMed, AIDS Res Ther) - "A high viral suppression rate of over 90% was documented for all DTG-based regimens, with no significant difference found between the main regimen (DTG/3TC/TDF) and its alternatives: DTG/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), abacavir/3TC + DTG and, DTG/3TC. Overall, almost all switches (97.1%) were made toward DTG/FTC/TAF. Osteoporosis was the main reason for switching treatments (80.1%)."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Guidelines From the French-Speaking Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (SFHI) for Harmonisation of HLA Genotyping in Autoimmune Diseases, Drug Hypersensitivity and Pharmacogenetics. (PubMed, HLA) - "Well-established associations include HLA-DQB1*02/DQA1*05 (DQ2) and HLA-DQB1*03:02/DQA1*05 (DQ8) with celiac disease, HLA-B*27 with spondyloarthritis, HLA-DQB1*06:02 with type 1 narcolepsy, HLA-A*29 with Birdshot chorioretinopathy and several pharmacogenetic risk alleles such as HLA-B*57:01 (abacavir), HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-A*31:01 (carbamazepine) and HLA-B*58:01 (allopurinol). In immunotherapy, the efficacy of tebentafusp has been shown to depend on HLA-A*02:01 positivity...Interpretation should be conducted by qualified medical biologists, integrating clinical context, allelic diversity and recent technological advances, particularly next-generation sequencing. HLA genotyping represents a valuable tool in diagnosis and risk assessment, with increasing importance in the era of personalised medicine."

Biomarker • Clinical guideline • Harmonization • IO biomarker • Journal • Review • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Celiac Disease • Hematological Disorders • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Immunology • Narcolepsy • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Sleep Disorder • Spondylarthritis • Thrombocytopenia • Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Uveitis • HLA-A • HLA-B • HLA-DQB1

Real-World Persistence in Adults with HIV and Mental Health or Substance Use Disorders After Restarting Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States. (PubMed, Adv Ther) - "For PWH-MHD/SUD who restarted ART after a treatment interruption, B/F/TAF was associated with longer persistence and the lowest risk of switch compared with other guideline-recommended therapies."

Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Psychiatry

Low Levels of Clinically Significant Drug Resistance Mutations to Dolutegravir amongst Children Living with HIV Failing on First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda. (PubMed, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr) - "Low rates of DTG resistance among Ugandan CLHIV failing first-line DTG-based ART regimens underscores the durability of DTG. Lack of difference in ABC resistance across all regimens supports maintaining an ABC backbone for CLHIV <30kg when transitioning to a DTG-based regimen despite virologic failure."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Preferential Recognition of Drug-Induced Altered Self-Presentation on Tumor Cells, but Not Host Cells, by CD8+ T Cells for Eliciting Anti-Tumor Immunity. (PubMed, Biol Pharm Bull) - "Although the anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug abacavir (ABC) increases the tumor immunogenicity and induces CD8+ T cell anti-tumor immune responses in mice inoculated with tumor cells ectopically expressing the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57:01, whether such anti-tumor immunity is also triggered in hosts with high HLA-B*57:01 expression levels remain unclear...Moreover, ABC did not increase the effector CD8+ T cell proportions in the tumor-draining lymph nodes of B*57:01-Tg mice. Overall, CD8+ T cells preferentially recognized the ABC-induced altered self-antigen-presenting HLA-B*57:01-expressing tumor cells, but not host cells, to elicit anti-tumor immunity."

IO biomarker • Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Oncology • CD8 • HLA-B • IFNG

Patient-reported outcomes among people living with HIV switching to dual therapy with dolutegravir/lamivudine: results from the PROBI study. (PubMed, Ther Adv Infect Dis) - P=N/A | "Men, individuals previously receiving abacavir/3TC/DTG, and those with better daily comfort and perceived treatment efficacy were less likely to stop treatment. Attention should be maintained on the reasons for treatment discontinuation, especially among women. Patient-Reported Outcomes HV BItherapy (PROBI) was registered as number NCT04788784 on https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04788784?term=PROBI&rank=2."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease