allopurinol / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol preserves cardiac function after experimental malocclusion induced by occlusal disharmony in mice. (PubMed, J Physiol Sci) - "These changes were also suppressed by allopurinol. Our results suggest that oxidative stress might play an important role in the development of cardiac dysfunction, and further indicate that allopurinol is protective against BO-induced cardiac dysfunction."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Immunology

Kidney Stones: Pathogenesis and Treatment: Fluid and Electrolyte Challenges in Nephrology: from Bench to Bedside (KSN 2025) - "Medical expulsive therapy, primarily using α-blockers like tamsulosin, can aid the passage of small distal ureteral stones (Ferket et al., 2015)...Increased fluid intake (>2–2.5 L urine/day), dietary modifications (low sodium, moderate calcium intake), and pharmacologic therapies such as thiazide diuretics, potassium citrate, or allopurinol are essential strategies (Pearle et al., 2014)...2014; 192(2):316-324. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.006"

Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pain • Renal Calculi • Urolithiasis

Outcomes in Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Prescribed Urate-Lowering Therapy: A Propensity-Matched Study. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Three ULTs, allopurinol, febuxostat, and rasburicase, were studied individually. There appear to be some ULT-specific relationships that warrant further exploration. These findings could be related to the electrolyte disturbances and end-organ dysfunction of MM being compounded by those of gout. Further research should be conducted to elucidate any relationship between these diagnoses."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Gout • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Oncology • Pain • Renal Disease • Rheumatology • Ventricular Tachycardia

Effectiveness of Allopurinol on Uric Acid and Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Severity in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. (PubMed, Kidney Med) - "Observational study designed for comparative effectiveness and relatively small sample size; effectiveness of allopurinol initiated at lower levels of uric acid could not be estimated. Allopurinol was effective at significantly lowering serum uric acid in children with CKD but was not associated with CKD progression measured by longitudinal eGFR and proteinuria."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Pediatrics • Renal Disease

Correlation of Plasma and Urine 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine and Adenine and Clinical Characteristics in Individuals With Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency. (PubMed, J Inherit Metab Dis) - "Treatment with the xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors allopurinol and febuxostat reduces DHA production. Treatment with XOR inhibitors effectively reduces the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of DHA. The strong correlation between plasma DHA and eGFR, combined with the lack of correlation between plasma DHA and urine DHA/Cr ratio in untreated individuals, suggests that plasma DHA may be a more reliable marker of systemic DHA burden."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Calculi • Renal Disease

On paper; in practice: measuring compliance with official pricing policies in a large field study of essential medicines in Indonesia. (PubMed, J Pharm Policy Pract) - "Five essential medicines (allopurinol, amlodipine, amoxicillin, cefixime, dexamethasone) were purchased from randomly selected health facilities, retail pharmacies and online outlets in Indonesia. Rules restricting permitted MRPs for unbranded generics, irrational since their inception, while they never set any limits at all on the price of branded medicines. This showed not enough evidence that the policy contributed to its objective of ensuring affordability."

Compliance • Journal • Pricing

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 5 Diagnosed Following Motor Vehicle Accident (ENDO 2025) - "This case highlights the importance of considering HNF1B mutations in patients with diabetes and kidney cysts, as well as the need to assess uric acid and magnesium levels once the diagnosis is made. While insulin therapy is often necessary, this patient showed improvement with a management plan focused on lifestyle modifications."

Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Nephrology • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Beyond Hypoglycemia: Type I Glycogen Storage Disease with Endocrine, Hematologic, and Renal Involvement (ENDO 2025) - "At 14, she had an acute gout episode and was started on allopurinol...At 17, she developed neck swelling, and a private physician diagnosed autoimmune hypothyroidism with positive thyroid antibodies, initiating levothyroxine at 50 mcg daily.Following her first consultation in the Endocrinology department, a FreeStyle Libre sensor was placed for 14 days, revealing the following metrics: mean glucose of 90 mg/dL, time in range 74%, high 0%, low 26%, very low 0%, with a total of 23 hypoglycemic events...Treatment with losartan and empagliflozin was initiated.Given the clinical course and histopathological findings, the patient was reclassified as having type I glycogen storage disease. An increased prevalence of autoimmune hypothyroidism has been reported in GSD type I, along with qualitative von Willebrand factor abnormalities and glomerulosclerosis, which rarely present as overt nephrotic syndrome.She remains under multidisciplinary management and has been referred for..."

Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Fibrosis • Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis • Glomerulonephritis • Gout • Hematological Disorders • Hemophilia • Hepatology • Hypertriglyceridemia • Hypoglycemia • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Nephrology • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology

Gout Management in Patients With CKD. (PubMed, Am J Kidney Dis) - "While limitations or exclusions of some treatment options are warranted, others that are traditionally followed, such as the doses used for urate lowering therapies like allopurinol or febuxostat, may lead to undertreatment of gout...While there is a potential role of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in lowering serum urate, it is limited in chronic kidney disease. Lastly, the use of immunomodulators to improve outcomes for pegloticase, a pegylated form of uricase, show promise for increasing the utility of pegloticase in cases where it is warranted."

Journal • Review • Chronic Kidney Disease • Gout • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Rheumatology • Transplantation • HLA-B

Tumor Lysis Syndrome. (PubMed, Emerg Med Clin North Am) - "Management is dependent on severity but often includes acute stabilization, aggressive hydration, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, and uric acid-lowering medications, such as rasburicase and allopurinol. TLS carries high morbidity and mortality risk making prevention through intravenous hydration and prophylactic medications the best management strategy."

Journal • Review • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease

A critical role for gastric xanthine oxidoreductase in the formation of S-nitrosothiols and blood pressure responses to nitrite in rats. (PubMed, Redox Biol) - "To test this hypothesis, rats pretreated with the XOR inhibitor allopurinol (100 mg/kg, by gavage, or vehicle) were treated with N⍵-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; 60 mg/kg, i.v.) to induce acute hypertension, and received sodium nitrite (1, 5, and 15 mg/kg) in the stomach or in the duodenum...These results suggest a critical interaction between XOR activity and gastric acidity in mediating RSNO formation and the cardiovascular effects of oral nitrite. These results may help to design better oral nitrite therapeutic formulations."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders

Assessment of drug induced hyperuricemia and gout risk using the FDA adverse event reporting system. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Among the hyperuricemia-related reports, telaprevir was the most frequently implicated drug, whereas lenalidomide ranked highest in the gout-related reports...Specifically, peginterferon alfa-2b was found to be an independent risk factor for drug-induced hyperuricemia, while 20 drugs-including pegloticase, febuxostat, allopurinol, rofecoxib, and furosemide-were identified as independent risk factors for drug-induced gout...Furthermore, key independent risk factors-including sex, age, and specific drugs-were identified through machine learning and multivariate analysis. These findings provide valuable insights for pharmacovigilance and clinical medication management."

Adverse events • Journal • Gout • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatology

Allopurinol use predicts lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease-a prospective cohort study. (PubMed, Clin Kidney J) - "This was a post-hoc analysis of 1970 participants of the CAN AIM to PREVENT who had pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease and were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy or febuxostat. Allopurinol use predicted lower total and especially LDL cholesterol independently of serum urate in this cohort of patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Future studies could investigate underlying mechanisms, evaluate clinical implications, and confirm these findings in this and other populations."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Dyslipidemia • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Allopurinol Can Cause Severe Skin Reactions and Multi-Organ Involvement. (PubMed, Dtsch Arztebl Int) - No abstract available

Journal

PEPC3: Uric Acid, Klotho and Salt Sensitivity in Young Adults Born Preterm (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=120 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Jun 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • CST3 • FGF23

From Ethnopharmacology to Active Compound: Effects of Traditional Plant Extracts on Varicose Vein-Related Enzymes and Isolation of Active Flavonoids from Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - " The fractions containing naringenin and apigenin (IC50 = 0.269 ± 0.009 µg/mL) and apigenin and luteolin (IC50 = 0.285 ± 0.019 µg/mL) compounds showed synergistic and strong effects against xanthine oxidase and were found to be as active as the positive control allopurinol (IC50 = 0.250 ± 0.006 µg/mL). In the LC-MS/MS analysis of the Helichrysum plicatum extract, quinic acid (22.649 mg compound/g extract), chlorogenic acid (14.573 mg/g extract), isoquercitrin (14.371 mg/g extract), cosmosin (9.885 mg/g extract), and astragalin (11.506 mg/g extract) were detected as the major components. Naringenin, apigenin, and luteolin were detected at concentrations of 1.457, 2.518, and 1.368 mg/g in the extract, respectively. In conclusion, it is predicted that the combination of naringenin, apigenin, and luteolin has a promising use as a conservative treatment option for diseases associated with varicose veins due to their synergistic effects with each..."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Varicose Veins • ELANE

Allopurinol and Pathogenesis of Cirrhosis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=100 | Completed | Sponsor: Tanta University

New P1/2 trial • Fibrosis • Immunology • Liver Cirrhosis • Liver Failure • MMP13

Using pharmacogenomics to personalise drug therapy: which drugs, when and how. (PubMed, Aust Prescr) - "At the time of writing, tests for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) (azathioprine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine) and human leucocyte antigen B*57:01 (abacavir) are Medicare-rebated. Pharmacogenomic testing is also recommended for several other drugs, such as allopurinol and clopidogrel, but these do not currently attract a Medicare rebate."

Biomarker • Journal • Review

Clinical and Clinico-Pathological Observations of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Dogs Affected by Leishmaniosis and Monitored During Antileishmanial Treatment. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "The antileishmanial treatment was based on meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol for four weeks plus adding prednisolone at the anti-inflammatory dosage progressively tapered within the T2 set point...This came along with an improvement in other blood markers. This study shows the utility of ESR as a point-of-care test that can be used to monitor the response of dogs to antileishmanial treatment."

Journal • Inflammation • CRP

Pharmacokinetics and Ex Vivo Activity of 7-Methylxanthine, an Inhibitor of Monosodium Urate Crystallization. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "These results support the potential of 7-MX as a safe oral treatment for gout, especially in combination with urate-lowering therapies, such as allopurinol. Further clinical investigations are warranted to confirm the therapeutic potential of 7-MX in humans."

Journal • PK/PD data • Preclinical • Gout • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatology

Metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis: a narrative review. (PubMed, Urologie) - "Tailored interventions-ranging from dietary advice to pharmacologic treatments such as thiazides, potassium citrate, and allopurinol-can reduce stone recurrence and prevent complications such as chronic kidney disease. Ongoing follow-up is essential to assess treatment response and modify strategies. Adherence to current guidelines and broader implementation of metabolic workup can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of stone disease."

Journal • Review • Chronic Kidney Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Calculi • Renal Disease • Urolithiasis

Self-assembled enzyme biosensors based on xanthine oxidase (XO) and CS@GO for screening natural products for anti-gout active ingredients. (PubMed, Bioelectrochemistry) - "Following optimization of critical parameters, evaluation of 14 compounds revealed five plant extracts (accounting for 28 % of samples) exhibiting XO inhibition exceeding 83 %, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to allopurinol (83.32 %). This methodology establishes an innovative strategy for rapid identification of highly potent yet minimally toxic anti-gout natural compounds, offering significant reference value regarding natural drug development."

Journal • Review • Gout • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatology

Time trends and predictors of gout remission over six years. (PubMed, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)) - "On ULT, fulfilment of remission increases over time and remission can be achieved in the majority of patients. Baseline predictors, including demographics, comorbidities and disease severity, may be useful to identify people with gout who need more proactive management to achieve remission."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Gout • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatology

Genakumab reduces the risk of acute gout flares during initiation of urate-lowering therapy: A phase 2, randomized, open-label, multi-center, active-controlled clinical trial (EULAR 2025) - P2 | "ULT options included oral allopurinol 100 mg/day, febuxostat 40 mg/day, or benzbromarone 50 mg/day. Genakumab demonstrated efficacy as a prophylaxis against acute gout flares in adults with gout initiating ULT and was generally well-tolerated. A single dose of genakumab 100 mg or 200 mg reduced the average number of acute gout flares per patient and shortened flare duration over 12 weeks, with a safety profile similar to daily colchicine. Notably, in the genakumab 200 mg group, gout flares were not observed for the entire 12-week period, a finding that will be further investigated in larger sample populations."

Clinical • P2 data • Dyslipidemia • Gout • Hypertriglyceridemia • Inflammatory Arthritis • Pain • Rheumatology • IL1B

Efficacy and safety of drug combinations for chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review. (PubMed, Pain Rep) - "Nine studies (1,299 participants) were included and involved various different treatments including ciprofloxacin, tamsulosin, pentosan polysulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, hydroxyzine, troxerutin, carbazochrome, linzagolix, and allopurinol. None of the included studies reported a significant difference in reducing pain intensity for combination therapy vs monotherapy. If future proof-of-concept studies demonstrate that a given combination is superior to all monotherapy components, subsequent large, double-blind randomized, controlled clinical trials of such combinations for CPP are required to better elucidate the role of combination therapy in clinical settings."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Gynecology • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain