Apidra (insulin glulisine) / Sanofi - LARVOL DELTA

Improving Outcomes in Paediatric Patients With Posterior Fossa Tumours: The Rapid Assessment Pathway in Resource-Limited Settings. (PubMed, Pediatr Blood Cancer) - "RapidRAPT has demonstrated a significant improvement in the timeliness of care for paediatric patients diagnosed with posterior fossa tumours. Early intervention facilitated by RAPT contributes to better outcomes and reduced treatment delays."

Journal • Brain Cancer • Oncology • Pediatrics • Solid Tumor

(Ultra-)short-acting insulin analogues for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus on multiple daily injections: a network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "(Ultra-)short-acting insulin analogues may result in little to no difference in glycaemic control, non-severe hypoglycaemia and treatment adherence at short-term follow-up, but some agents may reduce severe/serious hypoglycaemia and DKA. We are uncertain about the effects of these insulins on mild to moderate nocturnal hypoglycaemia and quality of life. There were no long-term follow-up data."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • IL1R1

Severe Insulin Resistance after Capivasertib, A Novel Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer (ENDO 2026) - "Background Capivasertib is a novel oral AKT inhibitor used in combination with fulvestrant for HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer...The patient showed severe insulin resistance, requiring an insulin regular drip as high as 180 units/hour, together with subcutaneous glargine as high as 50 units and subcutaneous glulisine as high as 60 units three times a day. Metformin and Linagliptin were started however the patient experienced nausea and vomiting upon initiation of Metformin...This case highlights the need for baseline metabolic risk stratification and readiness for aggressive insulin management in patients ongoing Capivasertib therapy. Collaboration between Endocrinology and Oncology is needed to manage these metabolic consequences."

Breast Cancer • Endocrine Disorders • HER2 Breast Cancer • HER2 Positive Breast Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • HER-2

Severe Insulin Resistance after Capivasertib, A Novel Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer (ENDO 2026) - "Background Capivasertib is a novel oral AKT inhibitor used in combination with fulvestrant for HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer...The patient showed severe insulin resistance, requiring an insulin regular drip as high as 180 units/hour, together with subcutaneous glargine as high as 50 units and subcutaneous glulisine as high as 60 units three times a day. Metformin and Linagliptin were started however the patient experienced nausea and vomiting upon initiation of Metformin...This case highlights the need for baseline metabolic risk stratification and readiness for aggressive insulin management in patients ongoing Capivasertib therapy. Collaboration between Endocrinology and Oncology is needed to manage these metabolic consequences."

Breast Cancer • Endocrine Disorders • HER2 Breast Cancer • HER2 Positive Breast Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • HER-2

Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction to Insulin: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "We report the case of a 25-year-old woman with a 2-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus who was initially treated with insulin detemir and insulin glulisine. Insulin allergy remains a rare yet challenging condition that requires careful diagnostic evaluation. Identification of the causative mechanism, including possible hypersensitivity to excipients such as metacresol, is crucial to guide appropriate management."

Journal • Allergy • Diabetes • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Regular human insulins versus rapid-acting insulin analogues in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. (PubMed, BMJ Open) - "Current research shows no differential effects between regular human insulins and rapid-acting insulin analogues for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, but the evidence is very uncertain."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Pediatrics • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Investigating the Effects of Nanogels in Promoting Protein Crystallization. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Both functionalised and non-functionalised nanogels were tested on model (trypsin, thaumatin, proteinase K, ferritin and catalase) and target proteins (glulisine, α-crustacyanin and acriflavine resistance protein subunit AcrB) using both manual and automated techniques...Overall, the functionalised nanogels were more effective. Nanogel effects are proposed to be due to a combination of surface porosity and surface chemistry."

Journal • CAT

Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Insulin Therapy in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (AAN 2026) - "Eligible studies were RCTs comparing intranasal insulin (regular insulin, detemir, glulisine) to placebo in participants with MCI or AD. Conclusions Intranasal insulin demonstrates a modest but significant short-term benefit in individuals with MCI and early AD, without increasing AEs. While promising, the variability in formulations, sample sizes, and limited long-term data warrants the need for larger RCTs."

Retrospective data • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders

Insulin Glulisine Versus Regular Human Insulin for Prednisolone-Associated Hyperglycemia Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring: An Open-Label Crossover Study. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Under protocol-based titration during prednisolone treatment, insulin glulisine and regular human insulin produced comparable overall 24-hour glucose exposure. Findings on glycemic variability and post hoc time window analyses should be interpreted as exploratory and warrant confirmation in larger studies."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Synthesis and Characterisation of Bioactive Fluorescent FITC-Insulin Glulisine Conjugates for Potential Use in Insulin Delivery. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Octanol-water partitioning studies assessed the physicochemical properties of the conjugate. This approach demonstrates an efficient method for fluorescent labelling of insulin analogues, enabling future applications in imaging, biodistribution studies, and pharmacokinetic profiling."

Journal • SLC2A4

I'VE RUN OUT OF REAL ESTATE- WHY SOME PATIENTS STRUGGLE WITH INSULIN PUMP THERAPY? (ATTD 2026) - "Interestingly, insulin glulisine also appears to be an independent risk...For LH, however, rotation of the infusion site can minimize the risk of LH. Finally, there are other strategies, such as tension offloading patches which hopefully will be able to mitigate the LH problems noted in this population."

Clinical • Dermatopathology • Diabetes • Eosinophilia • Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Hypoglycemia • Immunology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

How to manage patients with diabetes suffering from unstable blood glucose control due to insulin antibodies. (PubMed, Endocrine) - "We established and validated a non-isotopic method to identify suitable insulin preparations that bound less to insulin antibodies. Correcting respiratory acidosis during sleep might be effective to prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia in some patients with diabetes having insulin antibodies."

Journal • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Insulins for type 2 diabetes. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparison chart: Some available insulins for type 2 diabetes. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Bioactive Alkaloids With Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity From Mangrove Sediment-Derived Fungus Pseudallescheria sp. SYSU-M4. (PubMed, Chem Biodivers) - "SYSU-M4, isolated from mangrove sediments and grown on rice medium, yielded sixteen alkaloids (1-16), including two new compounds dihydroversimide B (1) and glulisine B (3), two new natural products 6S-dihydroversimide (2) and 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-3-isobutylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione (5), along with twelve known alkaloids...Notably, these compounds moderately attenuated LPS-stimulated BV-2 cell activation by downregulating interleukin-1β (IL-1β), indicating their potential anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, Compound 11 exhibited slight to moderate AChE inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 82.2 µM."

Journal • Pain • IL1B

Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of a biosimilar insulin glulisine compared with originator in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A phase III randomised clinical trial. (PubMed, Diabetes Obes Metab) - P3 | "T-Glu demonstrated similar immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety to R-Glu in adults with T1DM, supporting its use as a biosimilar insulin glulisine."

Journal • P3 data • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Exploring the Evidence for Personalized Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review. (PubMed, J Pers Med) - " We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from the earliest available records to 18 August 2025 using the following Boolean search terms: "miRNA AND gliclazide", "miRNA AND glibenclamide", "miRNA AND gliquidone", "miRNA AND glimepiride", "mirRNA AND metformin", "miRNA AND pioglitazone", "miRNA AND rosiglitazone", "miRNA AND sitagliptin", "miRNA AND vildagliptin", "miRNA AND alogliptin", "miRNA and saxagliptin", "miRNA AND linagliptin", "miRNA AND liraglutide", "miRNA and dulaglutide", "miRNA AND semaglutide", "miRNA AND tirzepatide", "miRNA AND lixisenatide", "miRNA AND empagliflozin", "miRNA AND dapagliflozin", miRNA AND insulin glargine", "miRNA AND insulin detemir", "miRNA AND insulin degludec", "miRNA AND..."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Impact of Two Different Insulin Dose Calculation on Postprandial Glycemia After Mixed Meal. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=76 | Completed | Sponsor: Medical University of Warsaw | Not yet recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2023 ➔ Dec 2024

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Aging with type 1 diabetes: a perspective on "octagenarians" living with type 1 diabetes in Italy (EASD 2025) - "Among patients treated with the conventional basal-bolus insulin regimen, most (76.5%) were treated with second-generation basal insulin (glargine U300 or degludec). The most used rapid insulin analogues were lispro (44%), aspart (32.4%), glulisine (10%), and faster aspart (11.9%)... Many people with type 1 diabetes have aged, becoming 'octogenarians' by being regularly followed up in Italian diabetes centers. The overall quality of care for patients regularly followed up has resulted in a lower-than-expected burden of end-stage renal disease, visual loss, and diabetic foot. Management of CV risk factors could be improved."

Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparative Study of Non-Inferiority Immunogenicity of GP40321 and Apidra ® SoloStar ® in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=224 | Completed | Sponsor: Geropharm

New P3 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparison of Efficacy of Short-Acting Human Insulin and Fast-Acting Insulin Analog after High- and Low-Carbohydrate Meal—Do the Pharmacokinetic Differences Matter? (ADA 2025) - "Therefore, their pharmacokinetic profile would rather reflect glycemic profile after high-carbohydrate meal (HCM), whereas delayed and longer action of SHI would rather reflect glycemia after low-carbohydrate meal (LCM). In a cross-over, open label study we administered SHI (Gensulin R, Bioton) or FIA (Apidra, Sanofi), both in the same dose 15 minutes before high- and low-carbohydrate standard morning meal, in a random sequence during four days, in 30 insulin-treated persons with type 2 diabetes. The results suggest that in persons with type 2 diabetes the composition of meal may be more important to achieve better postprandial glucose values and better glucose control than use of fast-acting insulin analog instead of short-acting human insulin."

Clinical • PK/PD data • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Effects of regular, glulisine, and aspart insulin on vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensinogen expression in hyperglycemic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). (PubMed, Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne)) - "These findings highlight the differential biological effects of insulin analogues and suggest that aspart insulin, in particular, may offer therapeutic benefits beyond glycemic control by modulating both VEGF-A and RAS-related pathways. Tailored insulin therapies could represent innovative strategies for managing or slowing the progression of diabetic retinopathy."

Journal • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Retinal Disorders • VEGFA

Afrezza® INHALE-1 Study in Pediatrics (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=319 | Completed | Sponsor: Mannkind Corporation | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Pediatrics • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

IMPROVEMENT OF GLYCEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ON AN INSULIN PUMP WITH AN ADVANCED HYBRID CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM (ATTD 2025) - "Background and Aims A 43-year-old refugee woman with poorly controlled T1D (since 1988; June 2022 - HbA1c 11%) on a basal-bolus insulin regiment (glargine 22 IU + glulisine 16-12-16 IU) was admitted to a diabetes outpatients clinic in Slovenia...However, she irregularly administers 2-3 IU around 3:00 am.Results Average time in range (TIR) ​​on CGMS was 75.2% (71 – 83%). TIR on IP increased from an initial 52% to an average of 88.3% over the last 3 months, with a best period TIR of 92%, with no hypoglycemia.Conclusions IP with AHCLS and empirical modification of insulin boluses helps to improve glycemia in peritoneal dialysis with glucose solution."

Clinical • Metastases • Anemia • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Diabetic Retinopathy • Hematological Disorders • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Renal Disease • Retinal Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

First Dimension Trap-and-Elute Combined with Second Dimension Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Separation Using a Two-Dimensional-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry System for Sensitive Quantification of Human Insulin and Six Insulin Analogs in Plasma: Improved Chromatographic Resolution and Stability Testing. (PubMed, J Sep Sci) - "Multidimensional chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), including simple sample preparation with protein precipitation, anion conversion with ammonium hydroxide, and solid-phase extraction using mixed-mode anion exchange in a 96-well plate format, has been validated for rapid simultaneous analysis of human insulin and its six analogs (lispro, glulisine, glargine, degludec, detemir, and aspart) in human plasma. Intra-run precision ranged from 1.1% to 5.7%, inter-run precision from 0.7% to 5.9%, and overall recovery from 96.9% to 114.3%. The validated method has been implemented successfully by the Department of Forensic Medicine at our hospital for the investigation of unexplained deaths."

Journal