prochlorperazine maleate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Investigating Potential Prescribing Cascades Resulting in Prochlorperazine Prescription: An Exploratory Analysis of Antihypertensives and NSAIDs. (PubMed, Drugs Aging) - "NSAID and antihypertensive-induced ADRs such as dizziness or nausea may contribute to subsequent prochlorperazine initiation among adults who are older, representing a potential prescribing cascade. Further research examining data that include clinical indications for prescribing is needed to confirm whether these signals represent true prescribing cascades or prescribing for another reason. ADRs should be included in the differential diagnosis for people who are older presenting with new symptoms in primary care."

Journal

A glycoengineered anti-ROR1 antibody, GE-zilovertamab, selectively enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (PubMed, Antib Ther) - "Treatments included the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab, anti-ROR1 mAbs (GE-zilovertamab, zilovertamab), and the endocytosis inhibitor prochlorperazine, and ADCC was quantified. We find that the endocytosis inhibitor prochlorperazine further increased this effect. GE-zilovertamab is a promising next-generation immunotherapeutic for CLL, combining selective targeting of ROR1 with the potential to reduce therapy-induced immunodeficiency compared with anti-CD20 antibodies."

Journal • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • ROR1

Enhancing KCC2 function reduces interictal activity and prevents seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. (PubMed, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A) - "We investigated the mechanisms and antiseizure effects of two small molecules, prochlorperazine (PCPZ) and CLP-257, that have been identified as potential KCC2 enhancers...Using in vitro recordings from resected brain tissue of patients with drug-resistant mTLE and in vivo recordings from a mouse model, we show that PCPZ and CLP-257 (or its prodrug CLP-290) effectively suppressed spontaneous epileptiform activity in both models. These findings reveal that PCPZ and CLP-257 act as genuine KCC2 enhancers and provide experimental evidence of the therapeutic potential of such compounds for treating drug-resistant mTLE."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Trends in Antipsychotic Drug Use in the United States, 2000-2016. (PubMed, Pharmacy (Basel)) - "From 2000 to 2011, prochlorperazine and haloperidol were the first- and second-most prescribed typical APDs, respectively; haloperidol became the most administered antipsychotic of this class as of 2012. Quetiapine was the most administered atypical antipsychotic medication, followed by risperidone and olanzapine until 2014, after which olanzapine was the second-most administered atypical APD. There was a notable decline in the use of atypical antipsychotics medications between 2005 and 2008, which may reflect the impact of the Food and Drug Administration's warnings and the American Diabetes Association's consensus position, but only for a short time. The usage patterns observed in this study support existing evidence of substantial off-label use of antipsychotic drugs in the US."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Sunitinib or Cediranib for Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=34 | Completed | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Monotherapy • Trial completion • Alveolar Soft Tissue Sarcoma • Oncology • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor

Exogenous Sex Hormones and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Risk in Transgender Patients. (PubMed, Anesth Analg) - "Transgender female (AMAB) patients on estrogen GAHT required rescue antiemetics more often than cisgender males and cisgender females after orchiectomies and augmentation mammoplasties. Transgender male (AFAB) patients on testosterone GAHT required rescue antiemetics less often than cisgender females after hysterectomies. These findings underscore the need for individualized perioperative care and antiemetic prophylaxis to promote equitable anesthetic care for transgender patients. This study's retrospective design limits causal inference and is subject to coding errors and residual confounding. Prospective studies with detailed perioperative and hormonal data are needed to validate these findings and clarify how the timing, dosage, and duration of GAHT influence PONV risk."

Journal • Anesthesia • Gynecology • Nicotine Addiction • Tobacco Addiction

MAGraine2: Effectiveness of Magnesium in Addition to Prochlorperazine for the Treatment of Migraines (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=100 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Intranasal Ketorolac Trial (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=41 | Terminated | Sponsor: Washington University School of Medicine | N=120 ➔ 41 | Recruiting ➔ Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 ➔ Dec 2025; The eligibility criteria within the protocol led to the exclusion of a large proportion of potential participants, thereby limiting enrollment. During the conceptualization phase, the number of eligible patients was overestimated.

Enrollment change • Trial primary completion date • Trial termination • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain • Pediatrics

Clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of hyperemesis gravidarum: a retrospective study in an Irish maternity hospital. (PubMed, Ir J Med Sci) - "HG significantly impacts maternal health and places demands on hospital resources. While birthweight centiles were generally normal, HG's potential long-term effects on child health warrant further investigation."

Journal • Retrospective data • Obstetrics • Rare Diseases • Small for Gestational Age

Rimegepant for acute treatment of atypical headache syndromes: A case series (EHF-EHC 2025) - "The migralepsy patient became resistant to NSAIDs; the FHM patient had limited, inconsistent response to prochlorperazine and ketorolac, and no benefit from NSAIDs, dexamethasone, acetazolamide, or IV magnesium sulfate. These cases support the potential of rimegepant as a safe and effective acute treatment in select atypical headache syndromes with suspected CGRP involvement. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Patients gave their consent to publish their details in an open access journal."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Mood Disorders • Pain

Public Health. (PubMed, Alzheimers Dement) - "By leveraging real-world data with Medicare fee-for-service claims, phenothiazine exposure was associated with a lower risk of ADRD in US individuals >65 years, suggesting a potential benefit of phenothiazines in reducing the risk of ADRD. This study is strengthened by real world data including selection of a target population and studying the interaction of age and ADRD in a short timespan. A limitation of our study is the lack of information on amyloid documentation inherent with the nature of administrative claims data from CMS. Further studies are warranted to determine whether the observed association between phenothiazine exposure and protection against ADRD in humans is confirmed longitudinally."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Inflammation

P091 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) presenting in a patient with psoriasis receiving ustekinumab. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - P3 | "Prochlorperazine 5 mg three times daily and amlodipine 10 mg once daily were commenced and ustekinumab suspended...PRES has been described in patients using adalimumab, infliximab and ustekinumab, most commonly in the context of inflammatory bowel disease...However, it is important that clinicians are aware of this rare debilitating neurological adverse event, so prompt withdrawal of possible triggers including biologic agents can be made to facilitate neurological recovery. The half-life of ustekinumab is problematic for prompt withdrawal and there remain questions regarding ongoing management of the patient's inflammatory dermatosis and arthritis, as case reports document worsening of PRES on reintroduction of traditional immunosuppressive systemic agents."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Epilepsy • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pain • Psoriasis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

High-Throughput Screening Using the Self-Controlled Tree-Based Scan Statistic to Identify Medications Associated With Hospitalization for Severe Acute Liver Injury. (PubMed, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf) - "High-throughput screening using tree-based scan statistics detected potentially hepatotoxic drugs for investigation in future pharmacoepidemiology studies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Pain

Large-scale integration of omics and electronic health records to identify potential risk protein biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for cancer prevention. (PubMed, Am J Hum Genet) - "Analyzing >3.5 million electronic health records, we conducted analyses of emulated trials for 11 drugs across 290 comparisons and identified three drugs significantly associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk: caffeine vs. paroxetine (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.64), haloperidol vs. prochlorperazine (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.68), and trazodone hydrochloride vs. paroxetine (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.38-0.63). Conversely, caffeine was associated with increased cancer risk in comparison with finasteride (colorectal cancer) and fluoxetine (breast cancer). Meta-analysis identified six drugs significantly associated with cancer risk, including acetazolamide, which was associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72-0.87). This study identifies previously unreported protein biomarkers and candidate drug targets across six major cancer types and highlights several approved drugs with potential chemopreventive effects."

Biomarker • Journal • Breast Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

2025 guideline update to acute treatment of migraine for adults in the emergency department: The American Headache Society evidence assessment of parenteral pharmacotherapies. (PubMed, Headache) - "Prochlorperazine IV and GONB must be offered to eligible adults presenting to the ED with a migraine attack for treatment of headache requiring parenteral therapy (level A - must offer) in those without contraindications, while hydromorphone IV must not be offered (level A - must not offer). Treatments that should be offered when appropriate (level B - should offer) include dexketoprofen IV, ketorolac IV, metoclopramide IV, sumatriptan SC, and SONB. Chlorpromazine IV, dexamethasone IV, and valproate IV may be offered (level C - may offer). Paracetamol IV may not be offered (level C - should not offer). Eptinezumab should be offered (level B) only for patients matching the clinical trial population but is rated level U - no recommendation for an ED-specific population. Additional evidence is needed for caffeine, granisetron, ibuprofen, ketamine, lidocaine, normal saline, propofol, and SPG blocks, all currently rated level U - no recommendation."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Preoperative Aprepitant Decreases Postoperative Nausea After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. (PubMed, R I Med J (2013)) - "The addition of preoperative aprepitant to a multimodal protocol can reduce nausea after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy."

Journal • Retrospective data • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Involvement of KCC2-dependent chloride extrusion in the use and effects of drugs of abuse: a scoping review (Neuroscience 2025) - "We found that expression patterns of KCC2 were significantly impacted by various potentially abusable drugs, including morphine, remifentanil, ethanol, diazepam, zolpidem, memantine, phenobarbital, pentylenetetrazol, nicotine, cannabinoids, methamphetamine, prochlorperazine, TCB2, propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, though some reports varied on the directionality of that expression change with specific drugs. These results suggest a strong connection between KCC2 and drugs of abuse. This work advances KCC2 as a potential drug target for treatment of substance use disorders and highlights areas of interest for future work."

Review • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Identifying Terminologies Used Prior to the Onset of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Lung Cancer: Descriptive Analysis of Electronic Medical Record Data. (PubMed, JMIR Cancer) - "In the 30 days prior to ILD onset, notable differences in word frequencies per 1000 notes between the ILD-GC Set and No ILD Set were observed in the following term categories: respiratory symptoms (eg, breathlessness, shortness of breath, oxygen), ranging from 170.59 to 46.51; pain or analgesics (eg, Lyrica [pregabalin], soreness, precordial pain, opioids), ranging from 462.88 to 45.16; and appetite-related terms (eg, inappetence, food intake, queasiness, Novamin [prochlorperazine]), ranging from 102.23 to 51.90. Terms related to respiratory symptoms, pain or analgesics, and appetite were identified as associated factors for ILD onset in patients with stage IV lung cancer using RWD from acute care institutions for malignant tumors. These findings may support the early detection of ILD and underscore the potential of RWD to generate real-world evidence that informs drug discovery and pharmaceutical development."

IO biomarker • Journal • Infectious Disease • Interstitial Lung Disease • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Pain • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor

Comparative Analysis of Medication Use and Healthcare Utilization in Gastroparesis and Functional Dyspepsia: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study (ACG 2025) - "We identified 7,329 patients with GP (mean age 47.1±17.6 years; 72.7% female) and 3,950 with FD (mean age 44.7±20.3 years; 69.2% female). After 1:1 matching, 3,420 patients per group were followed for 5 years. GP patients had significantly higher use of metoclopramide (RR 3.4, 95% CI 3.02–3.84, P-value< .0001), erythromycin (RR 2.7, 95% CI 2.24–2.92, P-value< .0001), and antiemetics including ondansetron, promethazine, prochlorperazine, and diphenhydramine (all P-value< .0001)."

HEOR • Dyspepsia • Gastrointestinal Disorder

The Nausea Atlas: Identifying and Characterizing Nausea Subtypes Using Patient-Reported Information (ACG 2025) - "Ondansetron was the most effective anti-nausea medication, followed by promethazine, lorazepam, prochlorperazine, and domperidone. Marijuana was the most effective non-medication treatment, outperforming dronabinol... 745 participants (77% Female; 19% Male), reporting 1200 distinct nausea types/experiences were evaluated. The most represented age range was 31–40 years. 22% of respondents reported their nausea as severely or completely debilitating."

Clinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Dystonia in a Dose: Recognizing a Class Effect in Susceptible Patients (ACG 2025) - "This case report describes a young patient who has extrapyramidal side effects to multiple anti-emetics (metoclopramide, promethazine, and prochlorperazine), all of which triggered dystonic reactions, rendering only trimethobenzamide and ondansetron as viable treatment options.Case Description/ A 32-year-old male was admitted to hospital with viral gastroenteritis due to coronavirus infection...The healthcare team promptly responded, and given characteristic dystonic presentation, prior history of dystonia with other medications, and temporal relation with metoclopramide administration, the reaction was identified as a medication-induced extrapyramidal side effect and diphenhydramine was administered...This case emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to be vigilant and proactive when choosing antiemetic agents, particularly for patients with a history of extrapyramidal symptoms. Further research into strategies to prevent medication-related adverse effects,..."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

A Rare Cause of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: Achalasia (ACG 2025) - "She was given intravenous fluids, metoclopramide, famotidine, diphenhydramine, ondansetron, famotidine, pantoprazole and prochlorperazine with minimal improvement. This patient had very common symptoms but a rare diagnosis and an extremely unfortunate outcome. It is therefore of the utmost importance to always keep a broad differential when assessing pregnant females with common complaints."

Asthma • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases

Advanced Practice Provider-Led Outpatient Lymphodepleting Chemotherapy Administration for Patients Receiving Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma (JADPRO 2025) - "Introduction / Background In February 2024, lifileucel became the first FDA-approved adoptive cell therapy for the treatment of any solid tumor and was specifically approved to treat advanced melanoma. The package insert specifies a lymphodepleting (LD) chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg IV with mesna for 2 days, followed by fludarabine 25 mg/m2 IV for 5 days before cell infusion...Infection prophylaxis: • Acyclovir - Start on Day -7...Olanzapine-Start on Day -8 at bedtime & continue nightly for up to one week...Ondansetron - Day -7 through Day -3 as pre-medication to chemotherapy...Prochlorperazine - Prescription provided for breakthrough nausea...It will be essential to better define the training for APPs in solid tumor cellular therapies. Continued exploration of APP-led outpatient models may reduce hospital stays, improve patient outcomes and satisfaction, and lower healthcare costs-benefiting not only melanoma patients but potentially those with..."

Clinical • Metastases • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

A RARE CASE OF PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM SECONDARY TO DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (CHEST 2025) - "He was also given intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam for the elevated leukocytes raising possible concern for infection secondary to the pneumomediastinum. Intravenous prochlorperazine was administered to control the vomiting...Intravenous famotidine was administered for peptic ulcer prophylaxis... Despite the patient's serious presentation, early management of his DKA helped him avoid any long-term sequelae of his pneumomediastinum."

Clinical • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Peptic Ulcer • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The off-label use of psychotropic medicines in paediatric patients in Australian primary care. (PubMed, Psychiatry Res) - "Psychotropic medicines were defined by the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification codes N05 (Psycholeptics) and N06 (Psychoanaleptics), except for prochlorperazine...A total of 1650 psychotropic medicines were prescribed, with sertraline (14.55 %), fluoxetine (12.48 %), methylphenidate (9.27 %), diazepam (5.52 %), and citalopram (5.27 %) being the most common...Off-label psychotropic medicine use in paediatric patients is common in Australian primary care, with most OLU classified as age-based rather than indication-based. These findings demonstrate high off-label rates and, given limited paediatric evidence, underscore the need for targeted guidelines, enhanced prescriber education, and further research to improve safe and effective use in this population."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Pediatrics