Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi, Bayer - LARVOL DELTA

THE ROLE OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN REFRACTORY ANAL PAIN: IDENTIFYING ALCOCK'S CANAL SYNDROME IN A PATIENT WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (UEGW 2026) - "A 56-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) on alemtuzumab presented with chronic neuropathic anal pain. Symptoms remain refractory to laxatives and pregabalin, necessitating invasive therapies.Management of anal pain in MS requires a multidisciplinary approach to distinguish demyelinating sequelae from peripheral conditions. Given the failure of oral treatments, pelvic floor physiotherapy, injections, electrostimulation or surgery should be considered."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Neuralgia • Pain

TREAT-MS: Traditional Versus Early Aggressive Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Trial (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=900 | Completed | Sponsor: Johns Hopkins University | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Efficacy and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) versus alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "AHSCT may be associated with improved inflammatory disease control and disability recovery compared with alemtuzumab in highly active MS. However, given the very low certainty of the evidence and the reliance on observational data, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to establish comparative effectiveness and safety."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

Predictors of high- versus low-intensity first-line multiple sclerosis treatments. (PubMed, Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin) - "The first DMT filled was classified as either high- (natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, ofatumumab, cladribine) or low-intensity (interferon, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, diroximel fumarate, fingolimod, ponesimod, siponimod, ozanimod)...The minority of MS patients initiated high-intensity treatment although this proportion increased over time, and later years were predictive of high-intensity treatment. Providers had a significant role in the approach selected."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Real-world siponimod use in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: the RESYZE study. (PubMed, Ther Adv Neurol Disord) - "Prior to siponimod, 44.3% received highly effective therapies: fingolimod (20.5%), rituximab (9.5%), ocrelizumab (5.2%), natalizumab (4.8%), and alemtuzumab (2.4%). In the study cohort, pwSPMS had high disability scores and comorbidities; more than half were unable to work, and over 40% had previously received high-efficacy therapies. After 1 year of siponimod treatment, most pwSPMS showed no signs of disease activity, with stabilized EDSS scores and relapses and new T2 or gadolinium-T1 lesions, as well as a favorable safety profile."

Clinical • Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Dyslipidemia • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Psychiatry

Alemtuzumab in Brazilian multiple sclerosis care: major gaps in mandatory monitoring over 24 months. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Immune reconstitution and tolerance-inducing therapies as promising therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis. (PubMed, Neurol Sci) - "Collectively, immune reconstitution and tolerance-inducing therapies represent an emerging shift from lifelong disease control toward durable immune resetting and the possibility of sustained drug-free remission in MS."

Journal • Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

Incidence, Patterns and Predictors of Alemtuzumab-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Northern Ireland Cohort Study. (PubMed, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)) - "The frequency of Alemtuzumab-induced TD in our cohort was similar to that reported in other literature and the nature of TD varied with a number of patients fluctuating between dysthyroid states. This data highlights the importance of close surveillance for TD due to the risk of complex, late-onset autoimmunity."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis

Natalizumab and Tyruko (natalizumab biosimilar) for treating highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after at least one disease-modifying therapy: a systematic review and economic model. (PubMed, Health Technol Assess) - "Fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b and peginterferon beta-1a were associated with an increased treatment discontinuation (29 studies, 13 interventions)...Data in highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were available for fingolimod, ocrelizumab, alemtuzumab, cladribine, interferon beta, autologous haematopoietic stem cell treatment and placebo...60. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information."

Clinical • Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis

What is the evidence on immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis? - A Cochrane Review summary with commentary. (PubMed, NeuroRehabilitation) - "High-certainty evidence suggests that natalizumab largely reduces relapses at 12 (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.63) and 24 months (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.65), and cladribine (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.64) and alemtuzumab (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.68) largely reduce relapses at 24 months. People taking fingolimod, teriflunomide, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta-1a, laquinimod, natalizumab and daclizumab are more likely to discontinue the drug because of unwanted effects. Lack of data for treatment effects beyond two years and poor reporting of adverse events in short-term trials limit the applicability of these findings."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Alemtuzumab-Induced Graves' Disease Complicated by Pretibial Myxoedema: A Case Report. (PubMed, Case Rep Endocrinol) - "Clinicians should recognise the potential for atypical and refractory disease following alemtuzumab therapy. In selected cases, early consideration of definitive therapy is warranted, particularly when radioiodine is considered unsuitable."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis • Ophthalmology • Thyroid Eye Disease • CD52

NET-MS: No Evidence Of Disease Activity After Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation In Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P1/2 | N=90 | Completed | Sponsor: Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla Ente Del Terzo Settore/et S | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

Urinary tract infections, urosepsis, and multiple sclerosis disease modifying therapies: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "Ocrelizumab exhibited the greatest safety signal for UTI, while natalizumab, alemtuzumab, and interferon beta-1a were also associated with disproportionately high reporting across sex and age subgroups. Thus, clinicians should maintain UTI vigilance and integrate proactive bladder management in routine MS care."

Adverse events • Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Nephrology

Treatment Specific Infection Risk in Multiple Sclerosis Patients - a Danish Nationwide Registry Study (EAN 2026) - "All DMTs, especially anti-CD20 agents (HR: 3.0, 95% CI: 2.7–3.5), were associated with higher infection risks than teriflunomide, except alemtuzumab...Alemtuzumab and ocrelizumab raised antimycotic use, and alemtuzumab had the highest total AM use. This nationwide registry study found that anti-CD20 DMTs conferred the highest infection risk, while alemtuzumab was associated with the greatest AM use. These findings underscore the heterogeneity of infection profiles and emphasize the need for tailored clinical management strategies across DMTs."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis

T-cell receptor excision circles and Kappa-deleting recombination excision circles as biomarkers of immune aging in multiple sclerosis (EAN 2026) - "DMTs had distinct effects on immune output: TRECs significantly decreased under fingolimod, remained stable with alemtuzumab and cladribine, and increased with other therapies at 1 year. KRECs declined markedly under fingolimod and anti-CD20 therapies, more mildly under dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide, and increased under natalizumab... TRECs and KRECs primarily reflect immune ageing in MS and are differentially modulated by DMTs. This study prompts future investigations for their role as markers of DMT response."

Biomarker • IO biomarker • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation versus Alemtuzumab in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (EAN 2026) - No abstract available

Retrospective data • Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

Real-world impact of national policy on high-efficacy therapy use in multiple sclerosis: A Brazilian big data analysis. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "In this nationwide observational analysis, DMT dispensation patterns in Brazil were characterized by higher NTZ and increased dispensation of FNG, DMF, and TERI in the post-PCDT period. However, persistent regional disparities and conservative switching patterns may suggest barriers to equitable access to HE DMTs. These findings highlight the role of national guidelines in shaping real-world therapeutic practices and the value of administrative data for monitoring treatment patterns and healthcare organization in MS."

Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

The impact of age on efficacy and safety of disease modifying treatment-insights from the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Registry. (PubMed, J Neurol) - "Our findings indicate that approximately one-third of treated MS patients in our registry are aged 50 years or older, underscoring the substantial presence of older patients in contemporary MS treatment cohorts. Furthermore, efficacy outcomes, including ARR and EDSS progression, differed significantly between younger and older age groups. These results suggest that both disease activity and chronological age are primary determinants of treatment outcomes."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Thyroid Eye Disease Following Immunomodulatory Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Series (ENDO 2026) - "Results Six patients with MS developed TED following immunomodulatory therapy: alemtuzumab (n=4), natalizumab (n=1), and interferon-based therapy with intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide (n=1). Loss of immune tolerance during reconstitution, thyroid autoantibody generation, and subsequent orbital immune activation likely contribute to disease development. These findings support extended thyroid and ocular surveillance for at least 3–5 years after treatment, with early evaluation of ocular symptoms and timely referral to specialist multidisciplinary services."

Clinical • Immunomodulating • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis • Ophthalmology • Strabismus • Thyroid Eye Disease

Thyroid Eye Disease Following Immunomodulatory Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Series (ENDO 2026) - "Results Six patients with MS developed TED following immunomodulatory therapy: alemtuzumab (n=4), natalizumab (n=1), and interferon-based therapy with intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide (n=1). Loss of immune tolerance during reconstitution, thyroid autoantibody generation, and subsequent orbital immune activation likely contribute to disease development. These findings support extended thyroid and ocular surveillance for at least 3–5 years after treatment, with early evaluation of ocular symptoms and timely referral to specialist multidisciplinary services."

Clinical • Immunomodulating • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis • Ophthalmology • Strabismus • Thyroid Eye Disease

A Study to Learn More About The Safety of Diroximel Fumarate (VUMERITY®) in Participants Who Took it During Pregnancy And About the Health of Their Babies (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=1178 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Biogen | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Effectiveness and Safety of Switching to Cladribine Tablets In US Patients with RMS Experiencing High Disease Activity or Disease Breakthrough Despite Current Dmt Use (CMSC 2026) - " Real-world, retrospective and prospective study across 17 US centers in 61 pts who switched to CladT from moderate/HE DMTs (fumarates [n=9], S1P receptor modulators [n=11], natalizumab [n=12], alemtuzumab [n=12], and anti-CD20s [n=17]) due to HDA/disease breakthrough. These US real-world findings support the use of CladT as an effective and safe switch option for PwRMS experiencing HDA/disease breakthrough despite moderate/HE DMT use."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Update on the Randomized BEAT-MS Trial Comparing Best Available Therapy Versus Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Multiple Sclerosis (CMSC 2026) - "In the AHSCT arm, peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) are mobilized with cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, and filgrastim, collected by leukapheresis, and cryopreserved. Participants receive conditioning with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan (BEAM) and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin prior to infusion of the unmanipulated autologous PBSC. In the BAT arm, participants are treated with any of the following: cladribine, natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, ublituximab or rituximab... BEAT-MS is a large prospective multi-center randomized clinical trial comparing AHSCT to contemporary high efficacy DMTs, with the goal of determining whether AHSCT is a clinically effective, safe, and cost-effective treatment option for highly active RMS."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis

Real-World Utilization of a Novel Multi-Analyte Blood-Based Biomarker Panel, the Octave® Msda Test In Clinical Practice across the United States (CMSC 2026) - "Among patients with available DMT data, 44.5% were on high-efficacy DMTs (anti-CD20s, natalizumab, cladribine, alemtuzumab) at their latest test, while 34.4% reported as not on a DMT. This report highlights the growing use of the MSDA test in US clinical practice and the increasing integration across diverse clinical contexts. The observed trends in test utilization and longitudinal score changes provide a foundation for future studies linking MSDA scores to outcomes. Ongoing research is essential to fully realize the Octave® MSDA's impact and ensure its smooth integration into clinical workflows."

Biomarker • Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Comorbidities, Disease Modifying Therapies, and Adverse Outcomes In Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (CMSC 2026) - "We categorized DMTs into placebo, low (interferons, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide), moderate (dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod) and high (alemtuzumab, cladribine tablets, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab) and included subnodes for DMT mechanism of action... In PwMS, comorbidity burden was associated with early DMT discontinuation. Comorbidity burden also affected which DMT class ranked most favorably for discontinuation and infection. This study’s robust synthesis highlights higher-efficacy DMTs' greater potential for infection in PwMS with more comorbidities, and higher adherence in those with few comorbidities, which may guide treatment decisions in PwMS when comorbidities introduce uncertainty in selection."

Adverse events • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis