Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi, Bayer - LARVOL DELTA

Cerebral tumefactive demyelinating lesions: clinical spectrum, long-term outcomes, and treatment. (PubMed, Acta Neurol Belg) - "Our findings demonstrate that TDLs represent a radiological phenotype associated within a spectrum of neuroinflammatory disorders, with MS being the most frequent underlying diagnosis in our cohort. Although their often alarming radiological appearance, the long-term clinical outcomes are generally favorable. Although most commonly associated with MS, diagnostic clarification through MOG IgG and anti-aquaporin-4 IgG antibody testing remains essential. Furthermore, the timely initiation of disease-modifying therapies following acute-phase treatments demonstrates clear benefits in long-term follow-up."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder • Oncology • Pediatrics • Rare Diseases • Solid Tumor • IFNB1

Haematopoietic stem cell transplant versus immune-reconstitution therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis. (PubMed, Brain) - "Among patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and moderate disability, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant is superior to cladribine and alemtuzumab at suppressing relapses and enabling recovery of neurological function. The high effectiveness of stem cell transplant is likely attributable to a complex interplay of immune suppression and reconstitution."

Journal • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

Comparative effectiveness of disease-modifying therapies for highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis despite previous treatment - a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, BMC Neurol) - "Based on the largest possible evidence base, including previously unpublished data, our systematic review shows substantial evidence gaps for DMTs in highly active RRMS. This indicates a need for further research beyond regulatory requirements."

Clinical • HEOR • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Management of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis and comorbid rheumatoid arthritis. (PubMed, Neurol Res Pract) - "Among approved DMT for MS and RA, teriflunomide and anti-CD20 therapies are the most suitable options for moderately or highly active MS with comorbid RA. Cladribine may also be considered, while TNFα inhibitors are contraindicated."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Multiple Sclerosis • Oncology • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • IL6

Advancing Treatment in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: The Promise of B-Cell-Targeting Therapies. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of B-cells in POMS pathophysiology and evaluates the therapeutic potential of anti-CD-20 agents. It also highlights ongoing clinical trials and future perspectives, including novel B-cell-directed approaches such as anti-CD19 therapies, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, and BAFF-targeting agents."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Pediatrics

Alemtuzumab-Induced Thyroid Eye Disease: Case Series (ENDO 2025) - "Both patients were treated with lubricant eye drops, selenium, and intravenous methylprednisolone, with one requiring Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) and Azathioprine as second-line agents before achieving remission. As the use of Alemtuzumab in managing MS increases, the incidence of Al-TED is likely to rise. Al-TED can develop several years after treatment, necessitating a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis, particularly in cases of mild disease. The potential for significant morbidity in moderate to severe TED underscores the importance of early recognition and appropriate treatment."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Thyroid Eye Disease • CD52

Randomized Autologous heMatopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Versus Alemtuzumab, Cladribine or Ocrelizumab for RRMS (RAM-MS) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=100 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Haukeland University Hospital | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 ➔ Mar 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 ➔ Nov 2026

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

Potential use of the SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody sipavibart in people with multiple sclerosis: definition of different patient archetypes from an Italian expert group perspective. (PubMed, J Neurol) - "Subjects with general or disease specific risk factors for severe infections, patients treated with S1P receptor modulators, anti-CD20 agents, alemtuzumab or cladribine, pediatric patients, and pregnant women with MS could represent the ideal candidates for PrEP with sipavibart."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pediatrics • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases

A disproportionality analysis of nervous system adverse events associated with disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: insights from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). (PubMed, J Neurol) - "This study highlights significant differences in the nervous system AEs profiles of DMTs, with SI, NA, FI, and TE showing higher risks of nervous system AEs. These findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and personalized treatment strategies to mitigate nervous system risks in MS patients. Further research is needed to confirm these associations and investigate the mechanisms that underlie them."

Adverse events • Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Comparative analysis of five-year clinical outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis patients. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "This study is the first to compare the effectiveness of aHSCT and ALZ treatments in MS patients in Türkiye. The findings reveal that both treatments demonstrate comparable efficacy, particularly in the short-term follow-up period."

Clinical data • Journal • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

Real-world evidence from Türkiye on cancer risk and treatment exposure in multiple sclerosis: A histopathology-verified, registry-based study. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "This study demonstrated that Multiple sclerosis does not appear to increase the risk of cancer compared to the general population and none of the MS treatments, except for azathioprine, were associated with an increased risk of cancer."

HEOR • Journal • Real-world evidence • Breast Cancer • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Clinical management of alemtuzumab-induced autoimmune thyroid diseases: a narrative review. (PubMed, Eur Thyroid J) - "Alemtuzumab-induced thyroid eye disease (TED) is less common than conventional TED, with similar clinical and management characteristics. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence also from real-world studies with a focus on clinical management and possible predictors of AIATDs."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis • Ophthalmology • Thyroid Eye Disease

Risk of stroke under disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. (PubMed, Ther Adv Neurol Disord) - "Although glatiramer acetate and dimethyl fumarate appear to lower the risk of stroke, concerns about fingolimod exists due to an observed elevated risk for ischemic heart disease and hypertension. Despite the absence of detected safety concerns with alemtuzumab at the MS population level, alemtuzumab-related complications, although rare, signal the need for heightened clinical vigilance...No associations between the risk of stroke and other DMTs, comprising natalizumab and teriflunomide, were detected; yet, newly approved DMTs were underrepresented. These findings highlight the importance of personalizing DMT selection and monitoring cardiovascular risk factors to reduce stroke risk in patients with MS. PROSPERO CRD42024534470."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome • Cardiovascular • Cerebral Hemorrhage • CNS Disorders • Coronary Artery Disease • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Ischemic stroke • Multiple Sclerosis • Nephrology • Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Vascular Neurology

Ofatumumab Associated Legionella Pneumonia in a Young Multiple Sclerosis Patient (ATS 2025) - "Treatment with ceftriaxone and azithromycin was initiated. Overnight, he developed a high fever to 40.3 Celsius and treatment was broadened to piperacillin-tazobactam...He was treated with levofloxacin for a five-day course with improvement and discharged breathing room air...While some biologics are associated with Legionellosis such as alemtuzumab, this is less common among anti-CD20 therapies like rituximab...Serogroup 1 accounts for 50 to 80 % of Legionella infections and 8% of patients with Legionnaire's disease excrete no antigen in their urine. This first report demonstrates that in patients immunosuppressed with anti-CD20 therapies presenting with pneumonia, Legionellosis must be considered until definitively ruled out by bronchoscopy, even when urine antigen testing is negative."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Cough • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Disease Course in Patients Switched from Natalizumab to Alemtuzumab: An Italian Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study. (PubMed, Neurol Ther) - "Alemtuzumab is a valid exit strategy after natalizumab interruption."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Rare Diseases

Assessment of Real-World Adverse Events Associated with Ozanimod in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) (ISPOR 2025) - "AE reports and patient outcomes were extracted for all instances where DMTs (ozanimod, dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, diroximel fumarate, fingolimod, ponesimod, siponimod, teriflunomide, cladribine, alemtuzumab, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ublituximab, and ofatumumab) were the ‘primary suspect’ for the AE... Based on this descriptive analysis of the FAERS data, ozanimod has a lower proportion of AEs linked to serious outcomes than the other DMTs. Ozanimod generally had a larger share of the ten labeled AEs compared with the other DMTs; however, these labeled AEs made up a small percentage of all the AEs reported for ozanimod and the other DMTs."

Adverse events • Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Back Pain • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Hypotension • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Respiratory Diseases

Exacerbation of Orbitopathy After Total Thyroidectomy in Alemtuzumab-Induced Graves' Disease: A Case Report (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "Treatment with thiamazole and propranolol was initiated with partial symptom improvement...Due to only partial improvement, treatment with Tocilizumab has been proposed and is scheduled to begin soon... A patient with severe, difficult-to-control hyperthyroidism and moderate-to-severe inactive orbitopathy underwent total thyroidectomy. Despite this, orbitopathy exacerbation occurred post-surgery, requiring specific treatment. This case highlights a rare complication and raises the question of whether corticosteroid prophylaxis should be considered after surgery in high-risk patients."

Case report • Clinical • CNS Disorders • Dry Eye Disease • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Ophthalmology • Pain • Thyroid Eye Disease

Post-alemtuzumab thyroid autoimmunity remitting after commencement of ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "Objective: Immune reconstitution therapies (IRT), which include antibody-based cell-depleting therapies targeting CD52+ (alemtuzumab) or CD20+ (rituximab, ocrelizumab) leukocytes, are approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. These cases highlight the possibility of remission of post alemtuzumab thyroid autoimmunity, especially GD, after ocrelizumab treatment with avoidance of further medical or surgical treatment."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Grave’s Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • CD20 • CD52

Impact of High-Efficacy Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis on B Cells. (PubMed, Cells) - "The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of high-efficacy therapies for MS, with a focus on their impact on B cells and how this contributes to the drugs' efficacy and safety profiles. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, Alemtuzumab, Cladribine and sequestering therapies encompassing Natalizumab and S1P receptors modulators will be discussed and emerging therapies, including Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors, will be presented."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis

COMBAT-MS: COMparison Between All immunoTherapies for Multiple Sclerosis. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=3526 | Completed | Sponsor: Karolinska Institutet | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Effectiveness of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation versus Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Single Center Cohort Study. (PubMed, Ann Neurol) - "AHSCT was followed by greater prevention of relapses compared with ATZ and OCR, and suppressed more profoundly MRI activity than ATZ, but similarly to OCR, albeit with shorter follow up. The risk of accumulating disability was similar among the treated groups. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow up may enable confirmation of these findings or detection of any additional differential effects. ANN NEUROL 2025."

Journal • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

Baló's concentric sclerosis successfully treated with alemtuzumab: Long-term follow-up. (PubMed, Mult Scler) - "The only extant case report of alemtuzumab in BCS described a lack of clinical response in a patient who had previously not responded to corticosteroids, plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide. The authors speculated that alemtuzumab may have been effective if started earlier in the disease process. We present the outcomes of a patient with BCS who responded clinically and radiologically to alemtuzumab over a 6-year follow-up."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Equine Anti-Thymocyte Globulin and Alemtuzumab Are Associated with the Highest Survival Among Common Induction Therapies in U.S. Lung Transplant Recipients (ISHLT 2025) - "Rabbit ATG was not associated with better survival (HR=1.10 [0.99-1.21], p=0.06; MS=5.9 [2.1-12.1] y; n=1114) than no induction. While rejection / respiratory failure-related deaths were lowest with alemtuzumab (HR=0.75 [0.63-0.90], p=0.002), cancer-related deaths were increased (HR=1.39 [1.08-1.78], p=0.009), versus no induction.Conclusion Using Equine ATG or alemtuzumab as induction therapy may increase survival in lung transplant recipients, largely mediated by reduced rejection-related deaths. Use of these agents, particularly Equine ATG as it seems most favorable overall, should be considered as an alternative to basiliximab."

Clinical • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases • Transplantation

Serum Proteomics Analysis of Lung Transplant Patients Receiving Different Induction Therapies (ISHLT 2025) - "Additionally, the upregulation of immunoglobulins and MCAM in the ATG group suggests a more pro-inflammatory state. The downregulation of fibulin-1 and fetuin-B, elevated in lung diseases, was notable in alemtuzumab over time and in alemtuzumab versus no-induction therapy, suggesting potential benefits for graft survival compared to no-induction therapy, possibly ATG as well."

Clinical • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Melanoma • Oncology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor • Transplantation • APOA1 • FBLN1 • ICAM1 • IGH • MCAM

Treatment and Prognosis for Marburg Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports (P9-1.009). (PubMed, Neurology) - "Treatment included intravenous steroids (100%), plasmapheresis (67%), and cyclophosphamide (61%), followed by maintenance therapies such as ocrelizumab, rituximab, or alemtuzumab. Mr. Uwishema has nothing to disclose."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis