hyoscine butylbromide injection / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Anethole Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuronal Damage Through Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticholinesterase Activities in Rats. (PubMed, Neurochem Res) - "Anethole (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, i.g.) was administered one hour prior to scopolamine injection. Our findings demonstrate that anethole effectively reverses scopolamine-induced memory and cognitive impairments through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase mechanisms in rats. Therefore, anethole may be considered a promising therapeutic candidate for alleviating symptoms of AD and warrants further investigation in future studies."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Developmental Disorders • Inflammation • Pain

JANUS KINASE INHIBITOR CONFERS NEUROPROTECTION VIA MODULATING THE AMYLOIDOGENIC, NF-ΚB, AND NRF2 PATHWAYS AGAINST SCOPOLAMINE -INDUCED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN RATS (ADPD 2025) - " The rats received 2 mg/kg of scopolamine through an intraperitoneal injection every day for 14 days, which was followed by administration of JKI at doses of 0.45, 0.9, and 1.8 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of donepezil orally as per group allocation, for the following 28 days while still receiving daily scopolamine injections. The study suggests that JKI may exhibit senomorphic potential via modification of the transcription factor - NF-κB and senescence -associated secretory phenotype and thus, confers neuroprotection via modulation of NF -κB and Nrf2 signalling axis in Alzheimer 's disease."

Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • GFAP • IFNG • IL6 • SYP • TNFA

Cognitive And Neuroprotective Effects of Vernonia amygdalina in scopolamine-induced Memory impaired Rats. (PubMed, Niger J Physiol Sci) - "Groups 5, 6, and 7 received pretreatment with either VA 50 mg/kg, VA 100 mg/kg, or Donepezil, DP (1 mg/kg), and then in combination with SC (1 mg/kg)...Scopolamine injection caused significant decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase levels and an increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in group 4 compared with the control group...Histological studies revealed that VA was more potent in protecting the brain against SC-induced neurodegeneration and morphological alterations in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Findings of this study suggest that VA attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits via inhibition of oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration and enhancement of cognition in the brains of rats."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • CAT

Multicentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled four-arm trial to assess the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate and intravenous hyoscine butylbromide on spontaneous delivery after induction of labour in nulliparous women: protocol for the Safe Induction of Labour Trial (SAINT). (PubMed, BMJ Open) - P3 | "Clinical Trials: NCT05719467. EudraCT/EUCT: 2021-000392-37/2024-511848-55-00."

Clinical protocol • Journal • Obstetrics

The Effect of Picein on Inhibitory Avoidance Memory and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Hippocampus of Male Rats with Scopolamine-Induced Injury. (PubMed, Mol Neurobiol) - "Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomized into control group (no intervention), model group (intraperitoneal injection of 3-mg/kg scopolamine), and three interventional groups (1.5-, 2.5-, and 5-mg/kg intraventricular Picein, once a day for 7 days, 24 h after scopolamine injection). The 2.5-mg/kg Picein decreased MDA and increased SOD, GPX, and TAC, more than 5 mg/kg Picein, both different than scopolamine; only 2.5-mg/kg Picein had different CAT, compared to scopolamine group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, by lowering oxidative stress in the hippocampus, Picein was able to prevent the scopolamine-induced impaired learning and avoidance memory in rats."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • CAT

Bauhinia coccinea extract prevents memory loss induced by scopolamine through activation of antiapoptotic and antioxidant pathways in mice. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Cognitive impairment was induced via scopolamine (SCO) injection. Quantitative RNA sequencing showed involvement of lipid metabolism in EEBC memory function regulation. Thus, EEBC is a promising candidate for attenuating AD progression as it targets the cholinergic system and neuronal apoptosis."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • CAT

Investigating the Mechanisms Involved in Scopolamine-induced Memory Degradation. (PubMed, Arch Razi Inst) - "Scopolamine injection increases dopamine by inhibiting M2/4 muscarinic autoreceptors. Therefore, different serotonin receptors have different roles in memory function, and the interaction between scopolamine and these receptors needs further study. It has been shown that histamine increases the secretion of acetylcholine in the hippocampus, and postsynaptic H1 and presynaptic H3 receptors play a major role in memory and learning; however, whether scopolamine can cause memory impairment through interaction with histamine receptors has been not reviewed."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders

Atg5-Mediated Lipophagy Induces Ferroptosis in Corneal Epithelial Cells in Dry Eye Disease. (PubMed, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci) - "DED models were established in C57BL/6 mice via scopolamine injection and in human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC) using hyperosmotic medium...In the DED mouse model, Atg5 inhibition effectively ameliorated corneal damage, suppressed ferroptosis and ocular surface inflammation. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of Atg5-mediated lipophagy in driving ferroptosis in corneal epithelial cells in DED, proposing Atg5 as a promising therapeutic target for mitigating ferroptosis-induced cell damage and inflammation in DED."

Journal • Corneal Abrasion • Dry Eye Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • ATG5

Comparison of Malondialdehyde, Acetylcholinesterase, and Apoptosis-Related Markers in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Cognitively Dysfunctional Mice Induced by Scopolamine. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - " The Morris water maze test was conducted between 1 and 3 h after scopolamine injection to assess its duration. In the hippocampus, BDNF showed a concentration-dependent decrease in expression. This study's findings indicate that chemical analyses for MDA and AChE can be performed in the cerebral cortex, while the hippocampus is better suited for protein analysis of apoptosis and BDNF."

Journal • Preclinical • Cognitive Disorders • Pain • BCL2L1 • BDNF

Ambroxol Improves Amyloidogenic, NF-κB, and Nrf2 Pathways in a Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. (PubMed, Drug Dev Res) - "The rats were given scopolamine at a dose of 2 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection daily for 14 days, followed by treatment (ABX 121.5, 135, and 180 mg/kg orally and 5 mg/kg orally of donepezil) for the next 28 days while continuing to receive daily scopolamine injection. The current research indicates that ambroxol may possess senomorphic properties by impacting the transcription factors NF-κB and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Consequently, it could provide neuroprotection through alterations in the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways in AD."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Oncology • GFAP • HMOX1 • IFNG • IL6 • SYP • TNFA

MRI of the female pelvis: summary of the recommendations of the ESUR female pelvic imaging working group (ESUR 2024) - "Clinical indications for MRI examination, minimal and optimal MRI acquisition protocols and standardized reporting focused on the following: (a) initial staging, recurrence and follow-up of uterine cervical cancer, (b) initial staging of vulvar cancer, (c) female genital tract congenital anomalies (FGTCAs), (d) initial staging of endometrial cancer, (e) uterine leiomyomas, (f) characterization of sonographically indeterminate adnexal mass, and (g) pelvic endometriosis are presented.Patient preparation for MRI of the female pelvis ■scheduling MRI according to the phases of menstrual cycle: NOT recommended ■clinical questions: should be asked before the exam (e.g., time of menstruation, clinical symptoms, hormonal medication, prior surgical procedures) ■fasting (4-6h) ■patient position: supine ■antiperistaltic agents: 20 mg butyl scopolamine im/iv or 1 mg of glucagon iv, unless contraindicated ■urinary bladder: moderately filled: patients should empty their bladder 1h..."

Cervical Cancer • Endometrial Cancer • Endometriosis • Fibrosis • Gynecologic Cancers • Gynecology • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infertility • Leiomyosarcoma • Movement Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Pain • Peritoneal Cancer • Sarcoma • Sexual Disorders • Solid Tumor • Uterine Cancer • Uterine Corpus Leiomyosarcoma • Uterine Leiomyoma • Vulvar Cancer • Women's Health

Cholinergic Mechanisms of Attention in Aging (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=80 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Vanderbilt University Medical Center | Trial completion date: May 2024 ➔ May 2025 | Trial primary completion date: May 2024 ➔ May 2025

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

The Influence of an Acute Administration of Cannabidiol or Rivastigmine, Alone and in Combination, on Scopolamine-Provoked Memory Impairment in the Passive Avoidance Test in Mice. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Interestingly, co-administration of CBD (1 mg/kg) and rivastigmine (0.5 mg/kg) also attenuated memory impairment provoked by scopolamine (1 mg/kg) injection in the PA test in mice, but at a much greater extent than administered alone. The combination therapy of these two compounds, CBD and rivastigmine, appears to be more beneficial than substances administered alone in reducing scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. This polytherapy seems to be favourable in the pharmacotherapy of various cognitive disorders, especially those in which cholinergic pathways are implicated."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders

Mitigating cognitive deficits with teriflunomide: unraveling PI3K-modulated behavioral outcomes in mice. (PubMed, Mol Biol Rep) - "Our results delineate that the improvement in memory, locomotion, and motor coordination might be attributed to the oxidative and inflammatory stress inhibitory potential of teriflunomide. Moreover, PI3K inhibition-induced memory impairment might be attributed to reduced GSH levels and increased TNF-α levels."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • TNFA

Biochanin A: Disrupting the Inflammatory Vicious Cycle for Dry Eye Disease. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "A DED mouse model was developed using female C57BL/6 mice in a controlled low-humidity environment combined with scopolamine injections...BCA also decreased oxidative stress levels by reducing reactive oxygen species and enhancing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). These findings demonstrate that BCA ameliorates oxidative stress and ocular surface inflammation, indicating potential as a DED treatment by relieving oxidative damage and mitigating inflammation."

Journal • Dry Eye Disease • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

The effect of intravenous hyoscine butylbromide on slow progress in labor (BUSCLAB): A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. (PubMed, PLoS Med) - P3 | "One intravenous dose of 20 mg hyoscine butylbromide was not found to be superior to placebo in preventing slow labor progress in a population of first-time mothers at risk of prolonged labor. Further research is warranted to answer whether increased and/or repeated doses of hyoscine butylbromide might have an effect on duration of labor."

Journal

Effect of Topical Programmed Death-Ligand1 on Corneal Epithelium in Dry Eye Mouse. (PubMed, Biomolecules) - "The model was generated in C57BL/6 mice by excising the extra orbital lacrimal gland and causing desiccation stress with scopolamine injections...Corneas were collected for histological analysis, and the expression levels of inflammatory signaling proteins such as CD4, CD3e, IL-17, IL-1β, pIkB-α, pNF-kB and pERK1/2 were assessed through immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques. Our results demonstrate that desiccating stress-induced corneal epithelial defect and tear secretion were significantly improved by topical PD-L1 and could reduce corneal CD4+ T cell infiltration, inflammation and apoptosis in a DED mouse model by downregulating IL-17 production and ERK1/2-NFkB pathways."

IO biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • Corneal Abrasion • Dry Eye Disease • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • CD3E • CD4 • IL17A • IL1B • PD-L1

Comparison of LCBDE vs ERCP + LC for Choledocholithiasis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=1000 | Completed | Sponsor: Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion

Anesthetic Optimization in Pediatric LeFort Surgeries (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=50 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Johns Hopkins University | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 ➔ Jul 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2023 ➔ Nov 2024

Surgery • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Anesthesia • Pain • Pediatrics

The Anti-inflammatory Actions of Eugenol Improve Status Epilepticus-induced Neuronal Injury (AES 2023) - " Adult male C57BL/6 mice were treated with pilocarpine 30 min after scopolamine injection, and then eugenol was treated for three days after seizure termination. Taken together, the present study suggests that eugenol may provide therapeutic potential for suppressing neuroinflammatory processes induced by epileptic seizures."

CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Inflammation • NLRP3

Neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of Laurus Nobilis essential oil against scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice brain. (PubMed, J Ethnopharmacol) - "In this study, the essential oil obtained from Laurus nobilis L. species from Tunisia (LEO) was studied for its chemical composition and anti-amnesic activities on memory impairment caused by scopolamine injection in mice. However, compared to the scopolamine group, treatment with LEO (100 mg/kg) significantly enhanced cognitive function and ameliorated the oxidative damage (p < 0.05 versus scopolamine) This study demonstrates the beneficial effect of LEO on scopolamine-induced dementia in mice, potentially achieved through the modulation of cholinergic activity and antioxidant properties. The docking analysis of the major compounds, 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate, further substantiates their potential as memory enhancers."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Pain • Rheumatology

Neuroprotective mechanisms of defatted walnut powder against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease in mice revealed through metabolomics and proteomics analyses. (PubMed, J Ethnopharmacol) - "This study identified numerous metabolic networks modulated by DWP that can mitigate scopolamine-induced AD neuropathology and cognitive dysfunction. DWP is a promising resource to identify AD-related pathogenic pathways and therapeutic strategies."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders

Dendrobium nobile Lindl ameliorates learning and memory deficits in scopolamine-treated mice. (PubMed, J Ethnopharmacol) - "DNL may improve the learning and memory in mice treated with scopolamine, possibly by modulating oxidative stress and impaired cholinergic function."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Diabetes • Pain • CHAT

Diagnostic Value of Very Early Diffusion Weighted Changes at MRI after Single-Dose Ablative Radiation Therapy (SDART) for Organ-confined Prostate Cancer (RSNA 2023) - "All patients were examined on a 3.0-T MRI scanner (Ingenia;Philips Healthcare) with a phased-array external coil, with bowel preparations and 20mg of butyl-scopolamine (Buscopan) intravenously administered; the bladder was filled with 120cc of saline solution, to simulate the same conditions during irradiation... Our findings demonstrated high diagnostic value of DWI imaging with good correlation between very early changes (one-hour after treatment) in ADC values after SDART and later tumor response (biochemical and imaging) in patients with unfavorable PCa. *Clinical Relevance/Application: DWI with ADC values could be used as an early biomarker of treatment outcome in patients treated with SDART of the whole prostate with urethra sparing."

Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Comparison of LCBDE vs ERCP + LC for Choledocholithiasis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=1000 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province | Trial completion date: Aug 2023 ➔ Dec 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2023 ➔ Dec 2023

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date