ipamorelin / Helsinn - LARVOL DELTA

Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine. (PubMed, Am J Sports Med) - "Despite promising findings in animal studies, the claimed benefits of emerging peptide supplements for musculoskeletal recovery and performance remain unsubstantiated by current human trials. Documented risks include cardiovascular complications and metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance. Because of the lack of robust efficacy and safety data, peptide supplements should not currently be recommended as a replacement or adjunct for existing orthopaedic standard of care."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Pain • TMSB4X

Performance & promises: a social media review of alleged indications, risks and usage of "peptides" in musculoskeletal health (AOSSM 2026) - "BPC-157 was the most frequently mentioned peptide, often recommended in conjunction with TB-500. Promoted benefits included: healing of soft tissue, tendon, and bone injuries (51.2%), improved muscle and joint recovery (39.5%), anti-inflammatory effects (32.6%), enhanced cognition and mood (20.9%), improved metabolism and longevity (14.0%).Ipamorelin, CJC-1295, and IGF1-LR3 were the other most popular peptides... Peptides are being widely advertised and sold through social media, often with exaggerated claims and minimal regulatory oversight. Most posts extrapolate from preclinical or anecdotal data, marketing peptides as panaceas for health, performance, and aesthetics, as evidenced by the poor DISCERN scores. The absence of clinical trials and safety data highlight concerns for responsible use."

Review • Musculoskeletal Diseases • IGF1

The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) - "The agents most commonly encountered in clinical practice and online self-administration protocols include growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analogues (e.g., sermorelin, tesamorelin, CJC-1295 with Drug Affinity Complex [DAC], CJC-1295 without DAC), growth hormone secretagogues (GHS; e.g., growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2), growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), hexarelin, ipamorelin), the growth hormone (GH) fragment - AOD9604 (hGH 176-191), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) analogues (e.g., pegylated mechano growth factor (PEG-MGF), IGF-1 Long R3 (IGF-1 LR3)). We summarise structural characteristics, pharmacologic effects, and commonly reported dosing patterns, and we synthesise clinically relevant adverse effects with particular attention to hormonal imbalance, endocrine-metabolic risk, and biologically plausible but unproven mitogenic concerns. Finally, we propose a clinically oriented assessment algorithm to support exposure history..."

Journal • Review • Endocrine Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • IGF1

Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications. (PubMed, JBJS Rev) - "Injectable peptides for sports medicine remain largely experimental. Clinical use should be confined to approved metabolic agents for indicated conditions and to rigorously designed research protocols. Clinicians caring for athletes must counsel patients regarding uncertain efficacy, product quality, safety risks, and antidoping implications."

Journal • Review • Immunology • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Rheumatology

Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. (PubMed, Front Aging) - "Search terms included "peptide therapeutics," "aging," "gerontology," "healthspan," combined with specific peptide names (tirzepatide, epitalon, GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500, Semax, CJC-1295, ipamorelin, bremelanotide). Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension."

Journal • Review • Metabolic Disorders

Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. (PubMed, Sports Med) - "Our objective is to present the pharmacological mechanisms, safety profiles, and regulatory status of prominent approved and unapproved peptides marketed direct to patients, including AOD-9604 (anti-obesity drug 9604), BPC-157 (body protection compound 157), CJC-1295, FS-344 (follistatin-344), GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper), ipamorelin, MOTS-C (mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c), sermorelin, SS-31 (elamipretide), tesamorelin (Egrifta), Tβ4 (thymosin beta-4), and TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment). We provide a framework to navigate patient discussions about peptides to better facilitate evidence-based practices for musculoskeletal healing and athletic performance. We also discuss the placebo effect as a mediator of peptide efficacy, and how social media amplifies this effect."

Journal • Review • Genetic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Obesity • TMSB4X

A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review. (PubMed, J Sports Med Phys Fitness) - "Marketed as more selective and ostensibly safer alternatives, peptides-including growth hormone secretagogues (e.g., Ipamorelin), growth hormone-releasing hormone analogues (e.g., CJC-1295, Sermorelin), and synthetic fragments (e.g., Frag 176-191, KPV)-are promoted for muscle growth, fat metabolism, recovery, and anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, peptides represent a new phase in performance enhancement but remain experimental substances with poorly defined long-term risks. Until longitudinal data clarify their safety and prevalence, peptide use in both competitive and recreational settings should be considered high-risk and ethically problematic."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Dyslipidemia • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. (PubMed, J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev) - "Wound-healing peptides such as BPC-157, TB-500, and GHK-Cu promote angiogenesis, integrin-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibroblast activation, whereas growth hormone secretagogues like ipamorelin, CJC-1295, tesamorelin, sermorelin, and AOD-9604 activate IGF-1 signaling and satellite cell repair. Although preclinical studies are promising, there is a current lack of clinical trials. This review integrates current mechanistic insights with orthopaedic relevance, emphasizing safety, efficacy, and future directions for responsible integration into musculoskeletal care."

Journal • Review • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • AMPK • IGF1 • MET • TGFB1

Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians. (PubMed, Am J Sports Med) - "While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides. Importantly, information regarding the indications, dosing, frequency, and duration of treatment remains unknown. Despite the popularity of these peptides in mainstream media and among patients, significant research regarding the safety and efficacy of these therapeutic methods is required before definitive recommendations can be made to patients."

Journal • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Lipodystrophy • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism. (PubMed, Physiol Behav) - "In conclusion, anamorelin and ipamorelin administered i.p. had beneficial effects in alleviating cisplatin-induced weight loss during delayed phase, and these effects were seen when centrally administered anamorelin. Anamorelin inhibited cisplatin-induced acute emesis following intracerebroventricular but not intraperitoneal administration, suggesting that brain penetration is important for its anti-emetic mechanism of action."

Journal • Oncology

The influence of ghrelin agonist ipamorelin acetate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in a cichlid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. (PubMed, Anim Reprod Sci) - "Furthermore, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in the serum of fish treated with either 5 or 30 µg of IPA were significantly elevated in comparison to the control group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the administration of ghrelin enhances the development of germ cells during the meiosis-I phase and that this effect might be mediated via the stimulation of 11-KT and androgen receptors at the testicular level and LH at the pituitary level in the tilapia."

Journal • AR

[VIRTUAL] Ipamorelin Acetate for the management of postoperative ileus (ASHP 2020) - "Since this study provides the first evidence of the safety and initial data regarding efficacy of ipamorelin, and considering the limited options for treatment of POI, future research is needed to further assess ipamorelin in the recovery of GI function in postoperative open-laparotomy patients."

Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Pain

Attenuation of Visceral and Somatic Nociception by Ghrelin Mimetics. (PubMed, J Exp Pharmacol) - "Here, we investigate the efficacy of peripherally restricted (ipamorelin) and a globally active (HM01) selective ghrelin receptor agonist in an experimental model of non-inflammatory visceral hypersensitivity and somatic mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, visceral and somatic hypersensitivity could be attenuated by a peripherally restricted ghrelin mimetic. These results highlight a potential novel approach for treating acute visceral and somatic pain by ghrelin mimetics."

Journal • Immunology • Neuralgia • Pain • Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues in the modern management of body composition in hypogonadal males. (PubMed, Transl Androl Urol) - "The GHS that will be discussed include sermorelin, growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRP)-2, GHRP-6, ibutamoren, and ipamorelin. All are potent GH and IGF-1 stimulators that can significantly improve body composition while ameliorating specific hypogonadal symptoms including fat gain and muscular atrophy. However, a paucity of data examining the clinical effects of these compounds currently limits our understanding of GHS' role in the treatment of men with hypogonadism, but does open opportunities for future investigation."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Muscular Atrophy • Obesity • AR • IGF1