Relenza (zanamivir) / GSK, Vaxart - LARVOL DELTA

Multi-target computational pipeline for discovery of pan-influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Notably, the successful identification of a diastereomer of the established drug zanamivir among the top candidates provides strong validation for the pipeline's ability to find biologically relevant scaffolds. Overall, this work demonstrates the integration of multi-target screening with cross-validated molecular dynamics (cross-MD) that overcame target variability and yielded ten promising hits candidates for next-generation anti-influenza therapeutics."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Oseltamivir aziridines are potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors and imaging agents. (PubMed, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A) - "The inhibitors demonstrate formidable activity against diverse viral neuraminidases, including H5N1, and further enable imaging and quantification of active NA. With their dual therapeutic and diagnostic potential, these first-in-class inhibitors indeed benefit from transition state mimicry and covalency, and thus offer a powerful platform for antiviral development and neuraminidase imaging, addressing urgent global health needs in influenza treatment and prevention."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Exploring biomarkers associated with tetraspanins in sepsis: a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome consortium experimental validation. (PubMed, Shock) - "In conclusion, XK, CA1, AHSP, and GYPA are TSPAN-associated biomarkers in sepsis and are significantly correlated with Type 17 T helper cells. The findings offered a promising theoretical foundation for the development of pharmaceuticals for sepsis."

Biomarker • Journal • Infectious Disease • Septic Shock

Summary of WHO clinical practice guidelines for influenza. (PubMed, BMJ) - "apply to seasonal influenza and zoonotic influenza. There are 29 recommendations; 21 related to antiviral medications and six to adjunctive therapies to prevent and treat influenza. Recommendations are stratified by severity of disease and risk of disease progression. For seasonal influenza, WHO conditionally recommends treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset with oseltamivir for severe illness, and baloxavir for patients at high risk of progression from non-severe to severe illness. WHO also conditionally recommends prophylaxis (using baloxavir, laninimavir, oseltamivir, or zanamivir) for anyone exposed to zoonotic influenza, and for those exposed to seasonal influenza who are at extremely high risk. The panel issued recommendations against the use of adjunctive therapies in patients with non-severe influenza (strong recommendation against antibiotics) and severe influenza (conditional recommendation against corticosteroids, macrolides, mTOR inhibitors, non-steroidal..."

Clinical guideline • Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Report on influenza viruses received and tested by the Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza during 2024. (PubMed, Commun Dis Intell (2018)) - "Of 4,007 samples tested for susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir, twelve A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and one B/Victoria virus showed highly reduced inhibition against oseltamivir or zanamivir. Of 3,294 total samples sequenced for baloxavir susceptibility, 18 of the 1,825 A(H3N2) samples were identified with genetic evidence of reduced susceptibility to baloxavir marboxil in the PA gene."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Zanamivir-Amantadine Conjugate: A Dual-Action Agent with Broad-Spectrum Synergistic Antiviral Efficacy. (PubMed, J Med Chem) - "Notably, a single intravenous dose of 7j fully protected mice from a lethal H1N1 challenge. Our work demonstrates that the rational fusion of ZMV and Aman achieves synergistic multimechanistic antiviral activity with enhanced efficacy and safety, offering a new strategy for the development of next-generation anti-influenza drugs."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Acquisition of amantadine resistance via M gene reassortment in canine H3N2 influenza virus and elucidation of the resistance mechanism. (PubMed, Virol J) - "In addition, both strains remained susceptible to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir...Collectively, these findings indicate that genetic reassortment with pdmH1N1 confers amantadine resistance in cH3N2 through the L22S substitution in the M2 protein. In addition, the preserved susceptibility to NA inhibitors suggests that these agents remain effective alternatives for controlling resistant strains, emphasizing the importance of continued molecular surveillance and diversified antiviral strategies."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Comprehensive evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness and safety profiles of baloxavir marboxil for managing influenza virus infection in pediatric populations: a systematic review with pooled meta-analytic data. (PubMed, Front Pediatr) - "A random-effects model meta-analysis demonstrated that, compared to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir), baloxavir marboxil achieved accelerated resolution of febrile symptoms (MD = -13.16 h, 95% CI: -19.16 to -7.15, P < 0.0001)...However, continuous monitoring for baloxavir-resistant mutations (such as PA/I38T) in the pediatric population is warranted. Furthermore, confirmation through large-scale multicenter trials with extended follow-up periods remains warranted."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases

Integrated Phenotypic-Genotypic Surveillance of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility in Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B/Victoria Viruses in Saudi Arabia, 2024-2025. (PubMed, J Med Virol) - "Influenza B virus displayed a reproducible oseltamivir right-shift linked to non-canonical framework/interface substitutions, whereas zanamivir and especially peramivir retained activity. These findings support ongoing integrated phenotype-genotype surveillance and consideration of peramivir when influenza B circulation is substantial."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Drugs past their expiration date. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal

Repurposing of FDA-Approved Antiviral Drugs Against Monkeypox Virus: Comparative In Vitro Screening and Structure Based In Silico Studies. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Twenty-three FDA-approved drugs, including Abacavir, Acyclovir, Amantadine, Chloroquine, Daclatasvir, Dolutegravir, Entecavir, Favipiravir, Hydroxychloroquine, Lamivudine, Molnupiravir, Nevirapine, Oseltamivir, Penciclovir, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir, Tenofovir, Valaciclovir, Valganciclovir, Velpatasvir, Zanamivir, and Zidovudine, were screened for potential anti-monkeypox activity in vitro...The employed computational methods indicate that remdesivir demonstrated superior binding patterns with elevated scores and stable complexes throughout the simulation. Our findings showed that Remdesivir therapeutic compound is potent against the tested strain of MPXV, and exhibited a robust binding affinity for Thymidylate Kinase, A42R Profilin-Like Protein, and VACV D13 enzymes, and thus may potentially be utilized as antiviral for the treatment of monkeypox virus."

FDA event • Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

The Republic of Korea 2023-2024 Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Surveillance Report (PubMed, Jugan Geongang Gwa Jilbyeong) - "Further, no mutations associated with resistance to antiviral drugs (Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir, Baloxavir) were identified...The continuous surveillance of influenza and respiratory virus trends is essential to inform vaccine strain selection and enhance public health response strategies. Our division will conduct continuous surveillance of the epidemiological trends of respiratory viruses, including influenza, and ensure the timely provision of data for public health interventions."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Divergent Avian Influenza H10 Viruses from Sympatric Waterbird Species in Italy: Zoonotic Potential Assessment by Molecular Markers. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "Moreover, phenotypic assay confirmed their susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir drugs. From an ecological perspective, we found that different H10 gene pools seem to be harboured in different waterbird species sharing the same environment; additionally, a bidirectional transmission of H10 mallard isolates occurred between natural and anthropic ecosystems. Overall, our findings account for the need of continuous monitoring of AIVs belonging to the H10 subtype."

Biomarker • Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Epidemic season 2023-2024: the palette of ARVI pathogens in some territories of the Russian Federation and WHO regions (PubMed, Vopr Virusol) - "Against the background of a relatively low circulation of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in the 2023-2024 season, epidemic activity of influenza viruses was recorded in the countries of the Northern hemisphere at the traditional time. Globally, its onset was associated with the influenza A(H3N2) virus, followed by an increase in the activity of the influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus and influenza B. As in previous seasons, differences in the proportion of influenza viruses in WHO regions, including cities of the Russian Federation, were traced."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Comparison table: Antiviral drugs for seasonal influenza for 2025-2026. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Antiviral drugs for seasonal influenza for 2025-2026. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Prophylactic Efficacy of CD388, a Novel Drug-Fc Conjugate, in a Human Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Challenge Model: A Randomized, Controlled Phase 2a Study. (PubMed, Clin Infect Dis) - P2 | "CD388 was well-tolerated and demonstrated prophylactic activity against RT-qPCR-confirmed influenza infection in a human challenge study. The efficacy of CD388 in preventing influenza will be confirmed in larger studies. Clinical Trials Registration.  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05523089."

Clinical • Journal • P2a data • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Small Molecule Influenza Virus Fusion Inhibitors Targeting Viral Hemagglutinin: Chemical Insights and Antiviral Evaluation. (PubMed, Mini Rev Med Chem) - "A comprehensive literature search was conducted, and studies meeting the predefined inclusion criteria were thoroughly reviewed. By focusing on the chemical structure of these inhibitors, this review provides information for the rational design of new therapeutic agents aimed at preventing or limiting influenza virus infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Oral nanoformulation of a host-directed antiviral niclosamide effectively treats severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "Through target-focused screening, we identified five anti-SFTS candidates: niclosamide (NIC), cepharanthine, nifedipine, zanamivir, and ivacaftor...To address this, we developed NCNP-NIC, an oral nanoparticle formulation encapsulating NIC with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) via non-covalent interactions...Oral administration of NCNP-NIC at both low (20 mg/kg) and high (40 mg/kg) doses completely cured SFTS in IFNAR-/- mouse model. This work establishes NCNP-NIC as a promising oral therapy for SFTS, while its innovative nanoformulation provides a versatile platform for improving the bioavailability of other poorly soluble antiviral drugs."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Thrombocytopenia • IFNAR1

Updated insights on memory disorder associated risk of medication: A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis. (PubMed, J Affect Disord) - "This study presents a comprehensive overview of medications that induce memory disorder from a pharmacovigilance perspective, may offering certain references for clinical practice. However, further research is required necessary to elucidate these associations."

Adverse events • Journal • Real-world evidence • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Pain

Repurposing of Some Nucleoside Analogs Targeting Some Key Proteins of the Avian H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b to Combat the Circulating HPAI in Birds: An In Silico Approach. (PubMed, Viruses) - "(3) Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities for both sofosbuvir and GS441524, particularly with the NA and PB2/CBD protein targets...The MM-GBSA binding free energy calculations further supported these findings, as GS441524 displayed more favorable binding energies compared to several known standard inhibitors, including F0045S for HA, Zanamivir for NA, Rimantadine and Amantadine for M2, and PB2-39 for PB2/CBD...These results further support the potential repurposing of GS441524 as a promising therapeutic candidate against H5N1 avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b. However, further functional studies are required to validate these in silico predictions and support the inhibitory action of GS441524 against the targeted proteins of H5N1, specifically clade 2.3.4.4b."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Aryl benzoyl hydrazide derivatives as potent inhibitors of the NS2B-NS3 protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the zika virus. (PubMed, In Silico Pharmacol) - "To identify molecules that can strongly bind to the substrate binding site of the NS2B-NS3 protease of the ZIKV, interactions of several aryl benzoyl hydrazide (ABH) derivatives (10b, 10c, 10g, 11p, and 11q) and some anti-influenza drugs (Zanamivir, Laninamivir, Baloxavir, Oseltamivir, Rimantadine, Peramivir, and Amantadine) with the ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease are studied herein by using combined density functional theoretic, docking, molecular dynamics (100 ns MD simulations), and free-energy methods...Computed ADMET parameters, Lipinski's rule of five, and binding affinities suggest that 11q would be a better drug candidate against ZIKV infections. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-025-00395-5."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases

Zanamivir exposure in healthy rats and rats with acute lung injury. (PubMed, Ann Med) - "The absolute bioavailability of nebulised zanamivir was 1.91%. Our findings confirm PK superiority of INH administration to achieve local intrapulmonary exposition and indicate that ALI significantly impairs zanamivir penetration into the lungs from systemic circulation."

Journal • Preclinical • Acute Lung Injury • Inflammation • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Global update on the susceptibilities of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2020-2023. (PubMed, Antiviral Res) - "This study describes a global analysis of the susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir) and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor (CENI, baloxavir) for three periods (May to May for 2020-2021, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023)...For zoonotic viruses, 2.7% (3/111) contained substitutions, one each NA-H275Y, NA-S247N and NA-N295S, associated with RI/HRI NAI phenotypes, and none contained PA substitutions associated with RS to baloxavir. In conclusion, the great majority of seasonal and zoonotic influenza viruses remained susceptible to NAIs and CENI baloxavir."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Discovery of Novel Natural Inhibitors of H5N1 Neuraminidase Using Integrated Molecular Modeling and ADMET Prediction. (PubMed, Bioengineering (Basel)) - "In contrast, Zanamivir exhibited limited hydrophobic interactions, compromising its binding stability within the active site. These findings offer a rational foundation for further experimental validation and the development of next-generation NA inhibitors derived from natural sources."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Respiratory Diseases