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September 03, 2026
Energy-based devices for enhanced transdermal drug delivery in pathological scars: A review.
(PubMed, Lasers Med Sci)
- "These studies evaluated the combined application of various EBDs-including ablative and non-ablative fractional lasers, micro-plasma radiofrequency (MPR), ultrasound, and thermomechanical fractional injury-with pharmacological agents such as corticosteroids, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), verapamil, botulinum toxin type A (BTXA), and photosensitizers (5-aminolevulinic acid). In summary, EBDs enhance drug delivery through micropore formation or acoustic effects, establishing it as a key therapeutic strategy that balances efficacy with improved safety and patient compliance compared to monotherapy. However, standardized treatment protocols still require further validation through future research."
Journal • Review • Acne Vulgaris • Aesthetic Medicine • Fibrosis • Pain • Pediatrics
August 14, 2026
Bridging fibrosis and function: an integrated mechanistic and therapeutic framework for Peyronie's disease and related erectile dysfunction.
(PubMed, Sex Med)
- "Therapeutic strategies increasingly adopt multimodal approaches: phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors improve hemodynamics and may attenuate early fibrotic activity; intralesional therapy remains central to nonsurgical management, with collagenase Clostridium histolyticum as the established standard for plaque remodeling and adjunct injectables such as verapamil, interferon-α2b, and hyaluronic acid providing additional anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic benefits, particularly in the active phase; and low-intensity shockwave therapy promotes angiogenesis and tissue recovery...PD and ED represent a shared vascular-fibrotic spectrum requiring integrated, mechanism-driven management. Emerging regenerative and molecular therapies, supported by artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostics and digital health tools, signal a paradigm shift toward personalized, holistic restoration of structure, function, and intimacy."
Journal • Review • Erectile Dysfunction • Fibrosis • Immunology • Sexual Disorders • TGFB1
March 13, 2026
What is the evidence that early non-surgical intervention during the acute phase of Peyronie's Disease prevents penile curvature progression and preserves erectile function?
(AUA 2026)
- "Interventions included intralesional agents (verapamil, collagenase (CCH), hyaluronic acid and thiocolchine), combination therapies with antioxidant regimens (pentoxifylline), mechanical therapies (traction, vacuum devices) and shockwave. Non-surgical management of PD produced the most favorable outcomes when initiated during the acute phase. The studies included interventions initiated up to 12 months from the start of symptom onset. Some studies detailed that interventions started in the 3-6 month period of symptom onset yield better outcomes."
Erectile Dysfunction • Inflammation
May 18, 2026
Efficacy and Safety of Cryotherapy Combined With Intralesional Steroid for Keloid and Hypertrophic Scar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
(PubMed, J Cosmet Dermatol)
- "Cryotherapy combined with intralesional steroid injection is a viable alternative to other first-line treatments for keloids and hypertrophic scars. Clinical recommendations should be made cautiously based on specific patient and scar conditions. Further well-designed, large-scale RCTs are required to validate the long-term efficacy and safety of this combined regimen."
Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Fibrosis
March 12, 2026
Multimodal Management of Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars: A Review of Current Therapeutic Strategies
(AAD 2026)
- " Comprehensive literature synthesis examined treatment modalities including intralesional injectables (triamcinolone acetonide [TAC], 5-flurouracil [5-FU], botulinum toxin-A [BTX-A], verapamil, platelet-rich plasma [PRP]), energy-based devices (laser, radiotherapy), and surgical options with adjuvant therapies... Multimodal, individualized approaches combining injectables, energy-based devices, in addition to surgical excision with adjuvant therapy yield optimal outcomes for keloid and hypertrophic scars, improving characteristics and reducing recurrence with acceptable safety."
Review • Fibrosis
March 03, 2026
Comparative efficacy of intralesional therapies for keloid scars: A Network Meta-Analysis of clinical trials
(AAD 2026)
- "Results From 51 studies (3,234 participants, 23 interventions), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + Corticoids significantly improved keloid reduction compared to corticoids alone...Regarding adverse effects, a significant risk reduction was found for BTX-A (RR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.95; p = 0.04) and Verapamil (RR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14–0.84; p = 0.01) compared to corticoids; others showed no significant effects. Conclusion This NMA provides a comparative overview, indicating that combination therapies, most notably 5-FU+ corticoids + YAG: Laser, offer the greatest benefit. While data for novel agents (insulin and BTX-A) suggest potential, further research with standardized methodologies and longer-term follow-up is crucial to define optimal treatment algorithms."
Retrospective data • Fibrosis • Immunology • Pruritus
March 27, 2026
Therapeutic methods and effect on keloid and hypertrophic scars: a systematic review.
(PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne))
- "Electronic searches through April 2025 across databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science used keywords such as 'keloid', 'occlusive dressings', and 'imiquimod', among others...This study synthesizes findings from 162 studies, exploring a range of treatments including monotherapies and combination therapies, such as local corticosteroid injections, optical therapy, radiation therapy, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy, bleomycin therapy, verapamil therapy, excision surgery, cryotherapy, and topical treatments, as well as various multi-drug regimens...Anti-fibroblast growth strategies are crucial, aside from physical interventions. Despite the lack of an established gold standard, corticosteroid and excision therapies remain critical benchmarks for evaluating new treatments."
Journal • Review • Fibrosis
February 20, 2026
Comparison of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Treatment With Intralesional Verapamil Hydrochloride in Keloids
(clinicaltrials.gov)
- P=N/A | N=60 | Completed | Sponsor: Muhammad Aamir Latif
New trial • Fibrosis
December 19, 2025
Modern possibilities of diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie's disease in the Czech context.
(PubMed, Cas Lek Cesk)
- "Regenerative therapies like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) offer promising, yet currently experimental results. Optimal care is based on early diagnosis, individualization of conservative treatment, and precise surgical correction; in the Czech Republic, standard approaches include verapamil, LiSWT, and surgery, while biological approaches require further research."
Journal • Review • Erectile Dysfunction • Fibrosis • Pain • Urology
December 03, 2025
Penile curvature management in Italy: a survey analysis by the Italian Society of Urology.
(PubMed, Arch Ital Urol Androl)
- "This nationwide survey reveals a significative heterogeneity in PC and PD management in Italy, with frequent reliance on off-label treatments and variable adherence to international guidelines. Economic limitations and regional differences appear to be a primary factor influencing clinical decisions and clinical practice. These findings underline the need for a major dissemination of evidence-based guidelines associated with national healthcare strategies aimed at standardized care and improving patient outcomes."
Journal • Erectile Dysfunction • Urology
September 20, 2025
Comparative Efficacy and Recurrence Risk of Intralesional Therapies for Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A Network Meta-Analysis.
(PubMed, Aesthet Surg J)
- "Pooled estimates demonstrated that triamcinolone acetonide combined with 5-fluorouracil (TAC+5-FU) achieved the most consistent improvements in treatment efficacy and recurrence control...Verapamil (VER) was associated with significantly lower efficacy compared with TAC, whereas bleomycin (BLM) and 5-FU monotherapies provided intermediate outcomes without statistical superiority. Overall, TAC+5-FU offered the most favorable balance between efficacy and recurrence reduction, while BTA showed strong response efficacy. These findings provide a comprehensive synthesis of intralesional therapies for hypertrophic scars and keloids, support the consideration of combination regimens in scar management, and underscore the need for further well-designed head-to-head trials with standardized endpoints to refine individualized treatment strategies."
Journal • Retrospective data • Fibrosis
August 20, 2025
Comparison of Effectiveness of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide with Fractional CO2 Laser Against Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide with Intralesional Verapamil in the Treatment of Keloids.
(PubMed, Indian Dermatol Online J)
- "Both the combination groups are safe and efficacious methods to treat keloid. Intralesional verapamil with triamcinolone showed better and faster clinical improvement compared to fractional CO2 laser with intralesional triamcinolone."
Journal • Fibrosis • Immunology
June 06, 2025
A clinical trial to compare efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone vs intralesional verapamil in patients with keloids/ hypertrophic scars.
(ANZCTR)
- P4 | N=174 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Noor ul Huda working as resident in khyber teaching hospital Peshawar.
New P4 trial • Fibrosis
March 27, 2025
Comparison of Intralesional Triamcinolone Versus Verapamil for Keloid Treatment
(clinicaltrials.gov)
- P4 | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Nishtar Medical University
New P4 trial • Fibrosis • Immunology
February 05, 2025
Contemporary nonsurgical management of Peyronie's disease.
(PubMed, Curr Opin Urol)
- "Herein, we will discuss notable advances in nonsurgical management of Peyronie's disease."
Clinical • Journal • Review • Urology • IFNA1
October 25, 2024
A review of Peyronie's disease insurance coverage.
(PubMed, Sex Med)
- "Peyronie's disease (PD) is a fibroproliferative disorder that causes an abnormal curve of the penis resulting in pain, discomfort, and erectile dysfunction with management options including correctional surgery, penile external/internal devices, shock wave therapy (SWT), intralesional Verapamil (IV), and collagenase Clostridium histolyticum injections. Finally, this study only addressed some of the common treatment options of PD and did not expand on all possible treatment options. Differing rates for modalities of treatment may present a barrier for patients to receive individualized and adequate treatment for PD."
Journal • Reimbursement • Review • US reimbursement • Erectile Dysfunction • Pain
October 02, 2024
Intralesional injection of hyaluronic acid compared with verapamil in acute phase of Peyronie's disease: A prospective randomized clinical trial.
(PubMed, Arab J Urol)
- "The decrease in penile curvature at 12 weeks after therapy was noticeably better in group A in contrast to group B (24.7 ± 9.72° vs. 30.8 ± 8.63°, p = 0.038). HA is emerging as a valid choice for the treatment of PD in terms of resolution of the acute phase of the disease, and it is plausible to posit that the use of HA may contribute to the stabilization of the disease and decrease the need for the subsequent choice of a possible surgical strategy, with the ability to reduce penile pain and have a stronger impact on penile curvature and patient satisfaction."
Clinical • Journal • Pain
March 05, 2024
Our Experience at Tertiary Medical College-Intralesional Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide Versus Injection Verapamil Following Keloidectomy with Fillet Flap in Auricular Keloids.
(PubMed, Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg)
- "A recurrence rate of 14.28% was found in 4 of 28 keloids at 12 months postoperatively. The Patient and Observer Scar Assesment Scale scores (POSAS scores) were consistently higher than Beausang scores at 1 year, indicating high patient satisfaction compared to physician assessment in both groups A and B. A keloid recurrence-free interval of 11.36 months was obtained by the Kaplan-Meier survival test (p < 0.05) in group A. Keloid recurrence-free interval of 10.98 months was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier survival test (p < 0.05) in group B. Among Keloidectomy with fillet flap surgery with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide (group A) and keloidectomy with fillet surgery with intralesional injection of verapamil (group B), at each follow-up the success rate of group B was higher than group A indicating better trend of success in this group in terms of both absence of recurrence and absence of complications without statistically..."
Journal • Fibrosis
January 30, 2024
Comparative Efficacy of Drug Interventions for Keloids: A Network Meta-analysis.
(PubMed, Ann Plast Surg)
- "Botulinum toxin A and TAC plus 5-FU appear to have outstanding therapeutic efficacy for keloids. The rate of adverse events was similar among BTA, TAC, 5-FU, and TAC plus 5-FU. Nonetheless, additional reviews of rigorous, large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted for further validation of our findings."
Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Fibrosis
September 08, 2023
Comparing intralesional triamcinolone and verapamil-triamcinolone injections in keloids: A single-blinded randomised clinical trial.
(PubMed, Int Wound J)
- "These findings suggest that the combination of verapamil and triamcinolone provides a more effective treatment for keloids, thereby highlighting the potential of verapamil in scar reduction."
Journal • Fibrosis
August 30, 2023
Bevacizumab as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of keloid: A randomized clinical trial
(EADV 2023)
- "Intralesional triamcinolone has been established as an effective corticosteroid treatment for keloids, while sporadic reports suggest the efficacy of intralesional verapamil. Our study demonstrates that bevacizumab can be considered an effective and safe adjuvant therapy option for keloid treatment, suggesting its potential as a promising treatment for the management of keloids."
Clinical • Fibrosis
July 11, 2023
Recurrence rates in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars with intralesional triamcinolone combined with other intralesional agents.
(PubMed, Arch Dermatol Res)
- "In the treatment of pathologic scar, combination approaches using intralesional agents, such as triamcinolone (TAC), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), verapamil (VER), bleomycin (BLM), and botulinum toxin (BTX), are superior therapies when compared to monotherapy (Yosipovitch et al., J Dermatol Treat 12(2):87-90. There are limitations to this review in that comparisons were made across studies with varying outcome variables, including scar size, injection concentration and interval, and follow-up period. Standardized follow-up periods and recurrence rate reporting are integral to furthering the understanding of these therapies and enhancing patient care."
Journal • Review • Fibrosis
June 29, 2023
Medical Treatment for Peyronie's Disease: Systematic Review and Network Bayesian Meta-Analysis.
(PubMed, World J Mens Health)
- "At present, there is no clinical treatment alternatives that have been demonstrated to be effective compared to placebo. Nonetheless, as the frequentist approach has shown that a number of agents are efficacious, further research is expected to develop more effective treatment options."
Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Erectile Dysfunction • Fibrosis
May 24, 2023
Ledderhose’s disease treated with intralesional injections of corticosteroids
(EADV-Sp 2023)
- "The treatment of this rare disease receives relatively little. Other than steroids, a wide variety of nonsurgical options exist such as radiation therapy, antiestrogen,Verapamil and Collagenase .Many of these treatment options are promising, but require further studies of sufficient size and power."
Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Idiopathic Arthritis • Immunology • Pain • Rare Diseases • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor
May 11, 2023
Intralesional Hyaluronic Acid and Verapamil Injection in Peyronie's Disease
(clinicaltrials.gov)
- P=N/A | N=42 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Benha University
New trial • Fibrosis
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