escin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Complete biosynthesis of the clinical agent escin Ia. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "Finally, we successfully reconstructed the complete pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana, enabling the heterologous production of escin Ia. This work fully elucidates the biosynthesis of escin Ia and establishes a foundation for the green production of barrigenol-type triterpenoid saponins."

Journal • Cardiovascular

Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Beta-Escin Against A549 and LLC1 Cell Lines of Lung Cancer (IASLC-WCLC 2026) - "Also, it caused nuclear damage as observed through TEM in A549 cells. Conclusions : Beta - escin showed concentration - dependent anticancer activity against cell lines from two species (human and mouse) and is a promising agent for drug repurposing."

Preclinical • Lung Adenocarcinoma • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Solid Tumor • ANXA5

Escin attenuates osteoarthritis via suppressing fibroblast-like synoviocytes Jun-promoted synovial inflammation and osteoclast differentiation. (PubMed, Bone) - "Our study determined that escin inhibits synovial inflammation and bone destruction in OA by directly targeting JUN, leading to the turnover of miR-590-3p and the repression of DKK1 and RANKL. These findings suggest that escin could serve as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA."

Journal • Immunology • Inflammation • Oncology • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Rheumatology • DKK1 • IL1B

Varivax (Aesculus hippocastanum L.): A dietary supplement with antioxidant and antidepressant potential in adult zebrafish. (PubMed, IBRO Neurosci Rep) - "Varivax (Natulab®) is a dietary supplement composed of dry extract of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), standardized to 20% anhydrous escin and indicated for chronic venous insufficiency, pain, and leg swelling...The results of in vivo and in silico analyses demonstrated that VRX exhibited an antidepressant effect at the highest dose tested, with a response comparable to fluoxetine. The present study highlights the medicinal potential of this supplement in the prospecting of phytopharmaceuticals for depression."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Pain • Psychiatry

A pathogen-mimicking nanovaccine orchestrating danger recognition and immune activation for potent cellular immunity. (PubMed, J Control Release) - "To further amplify immune responses, we identified escin sodium (Esc), screened from clinically used saponin molecules, as a novel immunostimulatory agent capable of activating APCs through interferon-associated signaling pathways...In a TC-1 tumor model expressing human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated antigens, AlMN vaccination significantly delayed tumor progression, while combination with anti-PD-1 therapy further improved survival. Collectively, this pathogen-mimicking strategy integrating "danger recognition" and "immune activation" provides a conceptual framework for the rational design and optimization of next-generation vaccine delivery systems."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Oncology • CD8

Escin ameliorates letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome by modulating inflammatory, oxidative stress, and steroidogenic pathways in Wistar rats: integration of network pharmacology and molecular docking. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "After PCOS induction, normal and PCOS + Veh group received 1 ml of 0.5% CMC, PCOS + Met treated with metformin (300 mg/kg), whereas treatment groups received PCOS + Escin 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg daily via oral route for 28 days. PCOS + Escin dose dependently reduced the level of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum of treated rats in contrast to PCOS + Veh. It can be inferred from findings that escin dose dependently restored inflammatory, oxidative stress, and steroidogenic pathways in letrozole-induced PCOS in treated rats as in silico study confirmed the binding affinity of escin with CYP19A1, estrogen receptor, and TNF-α, and SHBG."

Journal • Preclinical • Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome • CYP19A1 • ER • IL6 • KEAP1 • TNFA

Microparticles Based on Chitosan/Xanthan Gum Polyelectrolyte Complex Modulate the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Ibuprofen and Escin. (PubMed, Mar Drugs) - "These findings demonstrate that chitosan/xanthan gum PEC microparticles can enhance the pharmacodynamic performance of orally administered anti-inflammatory agents. The magnitude of this effect depended on the incorporated drug and was particularly notable for escin, for which microencapsulation improved both anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive efficacy."

Journal • PTGS2

β-Escin Interactions with Lipid Membranes: Role of Lipid Composition and Impact on SARS-CoV-2 E Protein Transmembrane Domain Localization. (PubMed, Arch Biochem Biophys) - "In the present paper, we studied the localization of both escin and the E protein transmembrane domain (ETM) in model membranes with different lipid compositions. We demonstrated that escin can alter ETM localization in membranes containing the negatively charged lipid DMPS, and that escin is also capable of extracting cholesterol from model lipid membranes."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Efficacy of escin combined with micronized purified flavonoid fraction in controlling bleeding and preventing recurrence of acute internal hemorrhoids: a randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Ann Coloproctol) - P1 | "The combination of escin and MPFF reduces recurrence and accelerates symptom resolution in acute internal hemorrhoidal bleeding, with a favorable safety profile."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Analysis of Multidimensional Factors Influencing Patency Following Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy: A Retrospective Study on Adjunctive Aescin, Preoperative Epididymal Aspiration, and Postoperative Ejaculatory Frequency (AUA 2026) - "Adjunctive escin therapy accelerates patency recovery after MVE, while frequent postoperative sexual activity and bilateral anastomosis independently improve outcomes. Conversely, preoperative epididymal aspiration predicts poorer prognosis. The proposed predictive model provides reliable individualized guidance for postoperative management and counseling in OA patients."

Retrospective data • Infertility • Sexual Disorders

Modifiable predictors of patency after microsurgical vasoepididymostomy: associations of adjunctive escin, prior percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration, and postoperative ejaculatory frequency. (PubMed, World J Urol) - "Modifiable perioperative factors were associated with MVE outcomes. Adjunctive escin was associated with earlier technical patency but not independently with final technical patency. High ejaculatory frequency during the first 3 months was associated with both earlier and higher final technical patency, whereas prior PESA was associated with delayed and lower patency. These findings may inform perioperative counseling, but should be interpreted as observational and exploratory."

Journal • Retrospective data

Efficient gram-scale synthesis and preclinical evaluation of an escin-derived therapeutic for ovarian cancer. (PubMed, Bioorg Med Chem) - "In an ES-2-Luc xenograft nude mouse model, dose-dependent efficacy was observed, with IP administration of 10 mg/kg EV-S008 achieving 78% tumor growth inhibition (TGI) and significantly prolonged survival (p = 0.005). Altogether, these findings establish EV-S008 as a promising therapeutic candidate for ovarian cancer treatment via intraperitoneal delivery."

Journal • Preclinical • Gynecologic Cancers • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Solid Tumor

Comprehensive Evaluation of Growth Period Variations in Bioactive Properties and Phytochemical Profiles of Aesculus chinensis Bge Seeds and Leaves. (PubMed, Biomed Chromatogr) - "Specifically, nine bioactivity-related contributors in seeds, including escin IA and alpha-linolenic acid, and 12 in leaves, such as kaempferol and hyperoside, were successfully determined. The integration of phytometabolomics and pharmacodynamics provides an effective strategy to identify potential bioactive contributors in A.Bge seeds and leaves, thereby facilitating their future pharmacological application and quality control."

Journal • Pain

Escin Attenuates Amyloid Beta 1-42-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Neuroinflammation in Neuron-Like SH-SY5Y Cells. (PubMed, J Biochem Mol Toxicol) - "Furthermore, galantamine (10 µM), an approved AD treatment agent, was used as a positive control to compare the effects of Escin and confirmed the experimental model by exhibiting protective effects. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that Escin is a promising neuroprotective agent and warrant further investigation into its potential to mitigate Aβ-related neuronal damage in AD."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • ANXA5 • IL1B • TNFA

Cycloartane-Type Saponins, Phytochemical-Rich Extracts, and Sub-Extracts from Astragalus noeanus Boiss. Exhibit In Vitro and In Silico Effects on Glucose Metabolism. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "ANM yielded the highest saponin content (3250 mg escin equivalent/g)...Among the saponins, AST IV displayed the most potent inhibition in diabetes-related enzyme assays, surpassing reference drugs acarbose and vildagliptin at equivalent concentrations... This study highlights Astragalus noeanus as a promising source for safe and effective antidiabetic agents. The potent activity of the aqueous extract, along with AST IV and AST III, warrants further investigation through clinical trials to validate their therapeutic potential in diabetes management."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • DPP4 • PTPN1

The possibility of using local remedies to reduce the frequency of the 'string' symptom after radiofrequency obliteration of the trunk of the large saphenous vein (PubMed, Angiol Sosud Khir) - "The symptom of 'string' after acute renal failure may occur 2 months after surgery in about 3-4% of patients on average. The use of topical agents containing a combination of venoactive drugs (escin), heparin, and essential phospholipids can help reduce the severity of this symptom."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Renal Disease • Varicose Veins

Escin Alleviates the Experimental DSS-Induced Colitis by Remodeling Macrophage Polarization Through NF-κB Signaling (ECCO-IBD 2026) - "Conclusion Escin ameliorates experimental colitis through remodeling macrophage polarization through NF-κB signaling pathways. Escin emerges as a promising candidate for clinical therapy targeting colitis."

Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Effect of Escin in Human Hair Follicular Organ Culture: Prolonged Anagen Phase. (PubMed, Chonnam Med J) - No abstract available

Journal

Aescin-Based Herbal Extract (Reparil) for Postoperative Sequelae After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=100 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Oman Medical Speciality Board | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Pain

Supplementation with Bromelain, Troxerutin, and Escin to Support Postoperative Recovery After Hip or Knee Arthroplasty in Older Adults: A Pilot Study. (PubMed, Nutrients) - " In this pilot study, combined bromelain, troxerutin, and escin supplementation was associated with meaningful reductions in postoperative pain and edema and with faster functional recovery. Larger controlled trials are warranted to confirm these effects and elucidate underlying mechanisms."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Orthopedics • Pain

CESE-3M: A Comparison of Recovery After Impacted Wisdom Tooth Removal (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=24 | Completed | Sponsor: University of Science and Technology, Yemen

New P3 trial

Formulation and characterization of escin loaded-chitosan nanoparticles and assessment of its anti-arthritic potential in Wistar rats: a mechanistic approach. (PubMed, Inflammopharmacology) - "Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily effect synovial joints, leading to primarily cartilage and bone damage. Treatment with ESNPs at 10 mg/kg, significantly altered the expression of IL-4, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa-β and TNF-α. The results indicated that, in comparison to ES 10 and methotrexate, ESNPs, primarily at 10 mg/kg, demonstrated strong anti-arthritic activity."

Journal • Preclinical • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Pain • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • IL4 • IL6 • TNFA

β-escin mitigates neuroinflammation and apoptosis caused by ischemic stroke through the inhibition of the interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. (PubMed, J Int Med Res) - "It significantly suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated the expression of interleuin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor as well as the ratios of phosphorylated Janus Kinase 2/Janus Kinase 2 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. These protective effects were positively correlated with the dosage of β-escin.ConclusionThe findings suggested that β-escin exerted neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by modulating the interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, thereby reducing neuroinflammation and apoptosis."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Oncology • IL1B • IL6 • IL6R • JAK2 • STAT3 • TNFA

Escin Preincubation Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. (PubMed, Stem Cells Int) - "The current study demonstrates that escin upregulated ICAM1 and GATA4 gene expression in UCMSCs, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of UCMSCs in rats with MI. Therefore, pretreatment of UCMSCs with escin is a promising approach for the treatment of MI."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Fibrosis • Immunology • Myocardial Infarction • ICAM1 • TERC

Reparil: Evaluation of Aescin-Based Herbal Extracts for Managing Postoperative Sequelae Following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=100 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Oman Medical Speciality Board

New trial • Pain