oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A Novel Presentation of POLG-Related Encephalopathy Presenting As Landau Kleffner Syndrome (ACMG 2026) - "Treatment and Management After the patient was diagnosed with Landau Kleffner at age 3, he was started on a treatment course that included trials of oxcarbazepine, IVIG, and ultimately sirolimus...Intermittent behavioral challenges and anxiety were treated with Lexapro. Based on the results of his exome sequencing, a mitochondrial "cocktail" of CoQ10, B complex, vitamin E, and leucovorin was initiated...Common phenotypes seen in POLG-related diseases include epilepsy, tone abnormalities, movement disorders, and liver issues. Conclusion Given the condition's recent description in the literature and this patient's unique features, this case report will significantly contribute to understanding the phenotypic diversity of the POLG-related diseases and provides a framework for clinical decisions and medication management."

Ataxia • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Hepatology • Hypertension • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Ophthalmology • Rare Diseases • Strabismus • GDF15 • GRIN2A

When speed matters: ultra-rapid genome diagnosis enables precision therapy in FGF12-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (ACMG 2026) - "Diagnostic Workup Despite treatment with levetiracetam, phenobarbital, midazolam, and a medically induced coma with ketamine, his seizures persisted...At present, his medications include levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, and pantoprazole...This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of DEE47, particularly the possibility of respiratory complications, and further demonstrates the potential for urGS to rapidly identify actionable molecular diagnoses in critically ill infants. Conclusion This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of DEE47, particularly the possibility of respiratory complications, and highlights the utility of ultra-rapid genome sequencing in guiding timely diagnosis and precision treatments in epilepsy."

CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy

Genetic Etiology of PRRT2-Negative Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia (PKD) (ACMG 2026) - "A history of infantile-onset epilepsy and complete resolution with sodium channel blockers, such as carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, are considered highly suggestive of PRRT2 -related PKD. The etiology of PRRT2 -negative PKD is heterogeneous, with most resolved cases attributable to genetic causes. Many reported idiopathic cases underwent only single-gene testing, suggesting that broader genomic analyses may reveal specific etiologies. Notably, several common genetic causes are not represented in current dystonia gene panels."

CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Dystonia • Epilepsy • Migraine • Movement Disorders • GNAS

High- and Low-Grade Gliomas Identified in Two Pediatric Patients with Germline PALB2 Variants (ACMG 2026) - "Currently, Patient A is on cycle 3 of ONC028 following discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy due to disease progression and obstructive hydrocephalus, focal re-irradiation, and intolerance to everolimus and trametinib...Following resection, Patient B continued on levetiracetam and was seizure-free for nearly 3 months but was transitioned to oxcarbazepine due to intolerable side effects. Thirteen months post-surgery, there is no evidence of tumor recurrence, although he continues to experience intermittent seizures. Conclusion Further studies are needed to assess whether pathogenic variants in PALB2 may increase risk for glioma in pediatric patients."

Clinical • Brain Cancer • Breast Cancer • CNS Disorders • Diffuse Midline Glioma • Epilepsy • Ganglioglioma • Glioma • High Grade Glioma • Hypotension • Medulloblastoma • Ovarian Cancer • Pediatrics • Solid Tumor • Ventriculomegaly • BRCA2 • FGFR2 • H3-3A • NF1 • PALB2 • PDGFRA • TP53

Multigenerational Presentation of MARK2-Related Disorders (ACMG 2026) - "After seizure like activity was noted, an EEG was performed and abnormal leading his neurologist to prescribe him oxcarbazepine at 12 years old...The female twin also has a diagnosis of epilepsy and is prescribed levetiracetam...Our affected patients' phenotypes exclusively overlap with the previously described phenotype offering further support to this newly described genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. Conclusion Given the small number of cases reported in the literature thus far, the additional clinical information that this family can add to the medical literature is impactful."

ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Astigmatism • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • MARK2

Analysis of ASMs and male infertility using the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). (PubMed, Front Public Health) - "Disproportionality analysis revealed that carbamazepine (ROR = 8.73; IC = 3.10) and valproic acid (ROR = 6.82; IC = 2.74) posed the highest risks. Oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam also showed positive signals. Phenytoin sodium, topiramate, and clonazepam showed no significant risk...Despite the limitations of the FAERS database, these findings emphasize the importance of monitoring reproductive health in male patients, particularly those of childbearing age, and highlight the need to balance ASM efficacy with potential reproductive toxicity in clinical practice. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore underlying mechanisms."

Adverse events • Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Infertility • Sexual Disorders

The emerging role of citrate as a diagnostic biomarker in SLC13A5-developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. (PubMed, Epileptic Disord) - "Partial seizure control was initially achieved with oxcarbazepine and lacosamide; however, complete seizure control occurred after the introduction of valproic acid. This case underscores the diagnostic value of plasma and urinary citrate quantification as reliable and accessible biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of SLC13A5-DEE. Furthermore, early treatment with valproic acid may improve seizure control and potentially improve developmental outcomes."

Biomarker • Journal • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy

Genotypic spectrum in 1215 patients with Dravet syndrome or Dravet syndrome-like phenotype. (PubMed, Pediatr Res) - "SCN1A variants were detected in 87% of 1,215 Chinese patients with Dravet syndrome. Nine genes including PCDH19, GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRG2, GABRB3, HCN1, SCN2A, TBC1D24 and ALDH7A1 were linked to DS-like phenotype in 31 patients. Sodium channel blockers may worsen seizures in patients with GABAA receptor gene variants. Genetic testing improves etiological diagnosis, enabling targeted and individualized patient care in Dravet or Dravet-like syndrome."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • ALDH7A1

Rabies Virus Glycoprotein-Decorated Liposomes in Thermosensitive Nasal Spray Gels: Facilitating Retrograde Neural Transport for Targeted Trigeminal Neuralgia Therapy. (PubMed, ACS Nano) - "The system utilizes rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG)-modified liposomes coloaded with oxcarbazepine and mecobalamin...Additionally, long-term toxicity studies confirmed the favorable in vivo biosafety. This strategy transcends conventional systemic administration paradigms by resolving the tripartite challenge of spatial control, temporal retention, and cellular precision, thereby addressing the critical clinical demand for effective nose-to-brain delivery in trigeminal neuralgia."

Journal • Neuralgia • Pain • IL1B • NLRP3 • TNFA

Seizure medications and interictal spiking: Implications for cognition and behavior. (PubMed, Epilepsia) - "The use of sodium channel blockers, such as lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine, produces cognitive improvements. Additionally, γ-aminobutyric acidergic agents, including clobazam and diazepam, are effective in treating developmental epileptic encephalopathies. Emerging therapies, including cannabidiol and perampanel, show promising IED and behavioral outcomes...Targeted reduction of IEDs may lead to improved cognitive and behavioral outcomes. This can be achieved by testing and recognizing ASMs in carefully designed prospective trials in animals and humans."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Ictal Headache: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient responded positively to oxcarbazepine, confirming the diagnosis of ictal headache. Ictal headache is an infrequent manifestation of epilepsy, primarily in focal seizures, and the diagnosis is often challenging due to the similarity of symptoms with other types of headaches and the difficulty in detecting epileptic discharges during the headache."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Migraine • Pain

Unravelling the Mystery of Vestibular Paroxysmia: A Case Series. (PubMed, Cureus) - "These cases underscore the importance of high-resolution imaging in identifying neurovascular compression in VP, as well as early recognition and treatment with sodium-channel-blocking agents (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine), which have shown efficacy in reducing attack frequency and intensity. Given the overlapping clinical features of VP with other episodic vestibular syndromes, awareness of characteristic imaging findings and therapeutic response is essential for accurate diagnosis and optimal management."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Otorhinolaryngology • Vertigo

Update on pharmacogenetics in pediatrics. (PubMed, An Pediatr (Engl Ed)) - "Drug-gene pairs with greater use in pediatrics are presented in more detail, such as proton pump inhibitors and CYP2C19, Abacavir, allopurinol, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and phenytoin with HLA-A and HLA-B genes, voriconazole and CYP2C19, tacrolimus and CYP3A5, aminoglycosides and MT-RNR1, thiopurines and TMPT/NUDT15, or atomoxetine and CYP2D6. Despite current limitations, the use of pharmacogenetics in pediatrics can and should be implemented in those cases where regulatory agencies and/or scientific societies recommend it."

Biomarker • Journal • Pediatrics • CYP2C19 • CYP3A5 • HLA-B • NUDT15

Severe Symptomatic Bradycardia Following First-Dose Oxcarbazepine in a Very Elderly Patient on Long-Term Carbamazepine: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Although the patient had tolerated high-dose carbamazepine, the occurrence of severe bradycardia after first exposure to oxcarbazepine suggests that structurally related sodium channel blockers can differ in their cardiac conduction effects. Clinicians should consider ECG monitoring when initiating oxcarbazepine in older adults or individuals with pre-existing conduction system disease or vulnerabilities."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Neuralgia • Pain

Middle meningeal artery lidocaine infusion for refractory migraine: First case report in Portugal (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Various pharmacologic classes were tried without benefit: antihypertensives and calcium channel blockers (propranolol, candesartan, flunarizine), antiepileptics (valproic acid, topiramate, oxcarbazepine), antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, venlafaxine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, clomipramine), other preventives (prednisolone, oxitriptan, melatonin), cycles of botulinum toxin (PREEMPT protocol), monoclonal antibodies (galcanezumab, fremanezumab, erenumab), and atogepant. At the time of the procedure, the patient was on eptinezumab 100 mg and botulinum toxin every three months but continued to have daily headaches, with severe intensity and reliance on eletriptan for acute relief... MMA lidocaine infusion has been described in few cases, and this is, to our knowledge, the first reported in Portugal. It constitutes an invasive therapeutic approach that should be considered only as a rescue option for carefully selected patients with severely refractory migraine...."

Case report • Clinical • Anorexia • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Bayesian-Based Pharmacokinetic Framework Integrated with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Assessing Adherence to Antiseizure Medications: A Clinical Trial Simulation Study. (PubMed, J Med Internet Res) - "This study proposed an innovative Bayesian-based pharmacokinetic (PK) framework integrated with TDM data to address the above limitations, with a focus on 14 widely prescribed ASMs, including brivaracetam, carbamazepine, clobazam, eslicarbazepine acetate, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, phenobarbital, topiramate, valproic acid, vigabatrin, and zonisamide. This study establishes a Bayesian-based PK approach to enhance the assessment of ASMs adherence. This approach facilitates a paradigm shift from population-based management to patient-specific adherence profiling, offering a practical methodology for the precise evaluation of medication-taking behaviors."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Successful Treatment of Recurrent Painful Muscle Spasms After Total Hip Arthroplasty With Oxcarbazepine: A Case Report. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep) - "The occurrence of painful muscle spasms after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is extremely rare in clinical practice. We report a case in which a patient developed painful muscle spasms after THA, and symptoms were controlled by oxcarbazepine."

Journal • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Pain

Trigeminal neuralgia secondary to giant saccular aneurysm/endovascular procedure – Is lidocaine block an old treatment with a new indication? (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Carbamazepine is the standard firstline treatment, although alternatives such as oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, or pregabalin may be considered in cases of intolerance or poor response...Due to poor control of pain (15 episodes/month) and intolerance to carbamazepine (ataxia, vertigo), eslicarbazepine was introduced. Trials with oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, pregabalin, and levetiracetam were ineffective and poorly tolerated... Peripheral nerve block with lidocaine is a safe, accessible, and effective option for symptom relief and should be considered in cases of secondary trigeminal neuralgia refractory to pharmacological treatment."

Ataxia • Brain Cancer • Cardiovascular • Movement Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Neuralgia • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Solid Tumor • Vertigo

Psychiatric and behavioural side effects of antiseizure medications in epilepsy. (PubMed, J Neurol) - "PBSEs can often be anticipated, mitigated, and frequently reversed. A risk-stratified prescribing strategy-monotherapy first, enzyme-neutral or mood-friendly medications for vulnerable patients, folate supplementation for inducers, and early switch from offending agents-can safeguard mental health without compromising seizure control."

Adverse events • Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Cenobamate in Chinese Participants with Focal Seizure. (PubMed, Adv Ther) - P3 | "Cenobamate demonstrated a very favorable efficacy and safety profile in Chinese participants with focal seizures. The combination of cenobamate with both SCB and non-SCB treatments was effective in reducing seizure frequency and improved responder rates compared to placebo."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Longitudinal analyses of electronic medical records reveal dynamic developmental trajectories for patients with SCN8A-related disorders. (PubMed, Epilepsia) - "This EMR analysis represents the first integration of long-term developmental trajectories that encompasses both gain-of-function (GoF) and LoF subgroups. Patients carrying both types of variants cluster together at different ages in early childhood. Several sodium channel blockers were effective as monotherapies during seizure-freedom periods. Despite intermittent periods of reduced seizure activity, persistent developmental delays across all subgroups highlight the need for neurodevelopmental support beyond seizure control. EMR analysis reveals an evolving phenotypic landscape with distinct developmental outcomes for SCN8A-RD patients in different subgroups."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Pediatrics • SCN8A

Oxcarbazepine Utilization for Bipolar Disorder: A Retrospective Single-Center Study (ASHP 2025) - No abstract available

Retrospective data • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications and the Risk of Congenital Anomalies: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in South Korea. (PubMed, Neurology) - "This study revealed that prenatal exposure to valproate increased the risk of congenital anomalies. Although other ASMs, even in polytherapy, did not significantly increase the overall risk of congenital anomalies, carbamazepine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate were associated with specific types of congenital anomalies. Given the limited number of cases, these findings warrant further investigation in other populations."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Ventriculomegaly

Status Epilepticus Related to Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature. (PubMed, J ECT) - "Factors possibly associated with SE in the present case were previous PS, discontinuation of oxcarbazepine during ECT, an implanted vagus nerve stimulator, and low stimulus intensity, presumably near the individual seizure threshold...(3) If available, characteristics of previous ECTs regarding charge, type, and dosing of anesthetics, concurrent medication, seizure duration, and tolerability of ECT should be considered. In particular, we recommend an increase in stimulus intensity (charge) to induce robust seizure termination."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

LAMB1-associated leukoencephalopathy: a continuum from a prenatal, recessive syndrome to a dominant, adult-onset disorder. (PubMed, Neurogenetics) - "A 1 year 11 months-old female patient displayed focal seizures symptoms with good response to oxcarbazepine...The cases affected by the dominant condition also exhibit a broad range of manifestations and brain imaging anomalies, some of them overlap to those seen in the recessive LAMB1-related leukoencephalopathy. This work unveils the relevance of performing a comprehensive literature review for a better comprehension of overlapping conditions caused by variants in the same gene."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • LAMB1