Tudcabil (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) / Bruschettini - LARVOL DELTA

Synergistic Neuroprotective Effects of Taurine and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid on the Neurovascular Unit in Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury. (PubMed, Rejuvenation Res) - "Furthermore, they acted together on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the addition of the p38 inhibitor SB203580 partially inhibited the expression of p38MAPK. Thus, the combined action of these drugs protected the NVU."

IO biomarker • Journal • Cardiovascular • Oncology • Reperfusion Injury • BAX • BCL2 • CASP3 • CLDN5 • IL1B • IL6 • MMP2 • MMP9 • TJP1 • TNFA

Tauro ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) inhibits human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell invasion through MMPs inactivation and the modulation of the MAPKs signaling pathway. (PubMed, Cytotechnology) - "Furthermore, gene reporter assay confirmed that TUDCA inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and AP1. These results suggest that TUDCA could exert a potent anti-metastatic activity in PMA-stimulated HT-1080 cells through modulation of MMPs, MAPKs signaling pathway, and NF-κB and AP1 transcription factors."

Journal • Fibrosarcoma • Oncology • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • FOS • MMP2 • MMP9

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid alleviates depression-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress through amelioration of catecholamine imbalance. (PubMed, Brain Res) - "Further analysis showed that TUDCA treatment increases TH expression in the hippocampus and reduces the increased the protein levels of MAO-A in both brain areas. Our research suggests that TUDCA mitigated depressive-like behavior, and the mechanism appeared to be related to the regulation of catecholamine levels and their synthetic and degrading enzymes in both brain areas."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • IL1B • NLRP3

Structural elucidation of active arabinogalactans from Alisma plantago-aquatica and its protection against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. (PubMed, Carbohydr Polym) - "Moreover, ARP70-1 promoted the hepatic expression of genes involved in bile acid metabolism and transport (CYP7A1, SLC10A1, ABCB11, ABCC3, BAAT, SULT2A1, and SULT2A8), and increased the levels of conjugated bile acids, including tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), tauro-ω-muricholic acid (TωMCA), tauro-hyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA), and tauro-deoxycholic acid (TDCA). These effects collectively improved bile acid synthesis, transport, metabolism, and excretion, alleviated APAP-induced cholestasis, and conferred hepatoprotective effects."

Journal • Cholestasis • Hepatology • Liver Failure • ABCB1 • ABCC3

TUDCA Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice by Modulating the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol) - "Moreover, TUDCA inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, TUDCA alleviates AD-related cognitive deficits partly through modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis while also acting via microbiota-independent mechanisms, supporting its potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Transplantation • NLRP3 • TLR4

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Epilepsy via Suppression of Ferroptosis. (PubMed, J Integr Neurosci) - "TUDCA mitigates epilepsy through the suppression of ferroptosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for epilepsy treatment."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic retinopathy: mechanistic insights and emerging therapies. (PubMed, Biol Res) - "Targeting ERS presents a promising therapeutic strategy for DR, with the potential to preserve vision and improve outcomes for diabetic patients. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise molecular pathways and developing targeted, personalized ERS-modulating therapies."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Ocular Inflammation • Retinal Disorders • ATF4 • ATF6 • ERN1 • PERK • TCF4 • XBP1

Vine Tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) Extract Mitigates High-Salt-Diet-Induced Hypertension by Remodeling the Gut Microbiota-Metabolite Axis in Mice. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS further showed that VTE normalized tryptophan, bile acid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, decreasing the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate while increasing tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Notably, these protective effects were abolished under antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion, confirming that VTE acts through a gut microbiota-dependent mechanism. Collectively, VTE mitigates salt-induced hypertension and cardiorenal injury by remodeling the gut microbiota-metabolite axis, supporting its potential as a natural dietary intervention for managing hypertension."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Fibrosis • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Renal Disease

LOSS OF CGNL1 CONTRIBUTES TO VERY EARLY ONSET IBD (CCCongress 2026) - "We generated a new Cgnl1 -/- mouse model, which was characterized using RNA-seq, flow cytometry, permeability assay, histology/IF, TEM, colitis/infection models, 16S rRNA-seq, etc. HIOs and mice were also treated by chemical chaperones TUDCA and 4-PBA to reduce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress... Pathogenic CGNL1 variants contribute to VEO-IBD by disrupting gut barrier integrity and activating epithelial ER stress, as demonstrated by experiments using patient’s specimens, HIOs, and a new murine model. This study expands our understanding of epithelial barrier impairment in VEO-IBD and highlights intestinal epithelium as a therapeutic target. Chemical chaperones as novel therapies for IBD caused by primary intestinal barrier defects warrant further investigations."

Autoimmune Hepatitis • Celiac Disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • LCN2

Perfluorooctane sulfonates drives colitis via a gut microbiota-bile acid-endoplasmic reticulum stress axis in mice: Mechanistic validation and targeted interventions. (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "Interventions with TUDCA, a BSH inhibitor, or fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors alleviated colitis, restored conjugated bile acids, and suppressed ERS. These findings demonstrate that PFOS triggers colitis via BSH-mediated bile acid deconjugation and ERS activation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting this axis."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Transplantation • ATF6 • ERN1 • XBP1

Mining of genes and pathways associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in Brassica campestris via RNA-Seq. (PubMed, Plant Cell Rep) - "In this study, tunicamycin (TM) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA; TU) were applied to induce and alleviate ER stress, respectively, followed by transcriptome profiling through high-throughput RNA sequencing...The identified 60 candidate genes are involved in protein quality control, chaperone activity, ubiquitin-mediated degradation, redox regulation, vesicle trafficking, and metabolic adjustment. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive transcriptional landscape of ER stress responses in B. campestris, identifies key regulatory genes for functional validation, and offers valuable insights into improving stress resilience in Brassica crops."

Journal • Targeted Protein Degradation

Enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated bile acids during benchtop processing: a preanalytical pitfall in quantitative bioanalysis. (PubMed, Anal Bioanal Chem) - "Other conjugated BAs, such as taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), also showed significant degradation...These findings suggest that the hydrolysis of conjugated BAs in untreated liver and ileum samples leads to serious underestimation of conjugated BAs and inflation of unconjugated BA levels, highlighting a preanalytical pitfall in BA quantification. Stabilizing protocols are essential immediately upon sample collection."

Journal • Cholestasis • Hepatology • ABCB4

Rethinking on bile acid-brain axis: decoding neurotoxic and neuroprotective landscape in aging and Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed, Biogerontology) - "Experimental and early clinical findings suggest potential neuroprotective effects of hydrophilic BAs such as ursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, along with therapeutic opportunities through modulation of BA receptors and microbiome-driven BA regulation. In the current era of AD research, the gut-liver-brain BA axis emerges as a novel mechanistic framework linking systemic metabolic aging to neurodegeneration. This review examines the molecular pathways through which BA dysregulation influences aging and AD, emphasizing its therapeutic relevance and supporting the development of biomarker-based and precision medicine approaches for neurodegenerative disorders."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation

Identification of blood biomarkers associated with hepatic lipid accumulation in aging laying hens with fatty liver. (PubMed, Poult Sci) - "Fasting-state biomarkers including plasma levels of TAA, Ala, Leu, D-tryptophan metabolites and bile acids (TUDCA, TLCAS), as well as fed-state serum ALB and ALT/AST ratio, may indicate FL. The present result provides theoretical basis and detection targets for the early diagnosis of fatty liver in laying hens, and offer theoretical support for the construction of precise nutritional intervention and non-invasive screening systems."

Biomarker • Journal • Hematological Disorders • Metabolic Disorders

HCC-SIGHT: A Platform Trial for Personalized and Adaptive Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=350 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Fudan University

New P2 trial • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Glucocorticoid Production. (PubMed, J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol) - "Specifically, we tested if induction and alleviation of ER stress using tunicamycin and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, respectively, would affect corticosterone production in deer mice and Y-1 cells and the protein expression of a steroidogenic enzyme in Y-1 cells. We showed that ER stress and UPR modulate glucocorticoid production at both the cell and whole-organism levels, but this is achieved independent of alteration in protein level of 21-Hydroxylase."

Journal

Escherichia coli expressing the kpsM gene exacerbates drug-induced liver injury through up-regulating α1,2-fucosyltransferase and disturbing the host taurine metabolism-from animal models and clinical studies. (PubMed, J Adv Res) - "The kpsM+ E. coli was associated with the severity of DILI in human. This strain can exacerbate DILI in mice through up-regulating intestinal Fut2 expression and disrupting taurine metabolism."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Transplantation • FUT2

Bifidobacterium adolescentis Strengthens Gut Barrier in Post-Voyage Functional Constipation. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "coli and Klebsiella) by restoring arginine/bile acid metabolism, decreasing Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) content, 5-Hydroxytryptamine 4 Receptor (5-HT4R)/Slc8a1 signaling, and Ca2+ signaling pathway; and restoring beneficial species (B. adolescentis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). This study provides new insights into probiotics in improving human intestinal health."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • SLC8A1

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Infection Triggers Pyroptosis Through ER Stress Response-Mediated Mitochondrial Impairment and STING Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. (PubMed, Biology (Basel)) - "Removal of ER stress by tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) alleviated the pyroptosis of IECs that was caused by ETEC infection...Collectively, this study demonstrated that the activation of the STING/ER stress/mitochondrial impairment/NLRP3 inflammasome axis is a critical pathway in the ETEC infection-derived pyroptosis of IECs. Hence, targeting ER stress response may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent ETEC infection caused damage to IECs."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • NLRP3 • STING • TXN • TXNIP

Combination treatment with epibrassinolide overcomes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress induction. (PubMed, Mol Biol Rep) - "Collectively, our findings demonstrated that EBR exerts potent anti-cancer effects on both TAM-resistant and parental breast cancer cells. The combined administration of EBR and TAM enhanced apoptotic signaling. Our data also revealed that EBR-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a critical role in sensitizing TAM-resistant cells, since pharmacological inhibition of ER stress with TUDCA markedly attenuated these effects. Taken together, these results highlight EBR as a promising adjuvant strategy to overcome TAM resistance by targeting ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathways."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Hormone Receptor Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Gastrodiae Rhizoma ameliorates nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine by modulating p38 MAPK/CREB signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex-thalamus neural circuit. (PubMed, J Ethnopharmacol) - "This study is the first to focus on the role of PFC-THA circuits in migraine and reveal the molecular mechanism by which PLR-GR can alleviate migraine damage by regulating metabolic network and neurotransmitter levels."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Vertigo • IL6 • TNFA

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Inhibits NF-κB/p300/H3K14ac to Attenuate Microglial Activation in Lipopolysaccharide-treated BV-2 Cells and Mice. (PubMed, Mol Neurobiol) - "TUDCA also attenuated microglial activation in the hippocampus and reduced brain H3K14ac level. In conclusion, TUDCA inhibited NF-κB/p300 activity and decreased H3K14ac enrichment at the iNOS gene promoter, thereby attenuating microglial activation in both LPS-treated BV-2 cells and mice."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Dietary Intervention with Resistant Starch-Rich Unripe Plantain Flour Restores Gut Microbiome-Metabolome Axis and Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. (PubMed, Foods) - "Consequently, UPF altered bile-acid composition by lowering hydrophobic species (e.g., cholic acid and deoxycholic acid) while elevating hydrophilic species (e.g., ursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid)...Spearman correlation analysis further reinforced the close relationships between the altered microbiota and metabolites. Our results elucidate that UPF exerts its anti-diabetic effects by remodeling the gut microbiota and modulating its associated metabolites, highlighting a novel dietary intervention strategy for diabetes management."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: A Novel Target for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension and Its Related Diseases. (PubMed, J Cell Mol Med) - "Pharmacological targeting of ERS demonstrates therapeutic promise: chemical chaperones 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) stabilise proteostasis, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit apoptosis; antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and melatonin attenuate ERS-oxidative stress crosstalk. Future research must prioritise isoform-selective ERS modulator development, validation in human trials, biomarker discovery, and elucidating ERS roles in therapy-induced hypertension. Targeting ERS represents a transformative mechanotherapeutic paradigm for precision hypertension management."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • ATF6 • XBP1

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in immunomodulation and gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Bile acids display dual roles, with ursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid counteracting the tumor-promoting effects of deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. These platforms enable quantitative assessment of exposure-response thresholds, dissection of context-dependent effects, and in vitro pre-evaluation of the feasibility and safety of metabolite-based immunologic adjuvants combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Collectively, microbiota-derived metabolites represent promising targets for precision diagnosis and treatment in GI cancer immunotherapy."

Journal • Review • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD8