Tudcabil (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) / Bruschettini - LARVOL DELTA

Cold exposure remodels bile acid metabolism in a mouse strain- and tissue-specific manner. (PubMed, Biochem J) - "These distinct profiles highlight TCA, TUDCA, β-MCA, and TCDCA as candidate bile acid species associated with cold-induced thermogenic adaptation. Together, our findings reveal that genetic background and temperature interact to shape bile acid handling and signaling, providing a framework to interpret variability in the metabolic outcomes of bile acid-based interventions."

Journal • Preclinical • CYP8B1

Investigating PKD2 deficiency-associated cardiomyopathies using hESC-cardiomyocytes and bioengineered 3D ventricular cardiac tissue strips. (PubMed, Cell Death Dis) - "Alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by small molecular chaperones 4-phenylbutyrate/tauroursodeoxycholic acid or stimulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity by CDN1163 partially rescued the polycystin-2 deficiency-associated contractile dysfunction in hvCTS...We found that knockdown of polycystin-2 induces cardiomyopathies via elevating endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreasing sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity. The results provide novel insights about polycystin-2 deficiency-associated cardiomyopathies in polycystic kidney disease patients."

Journal • Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease • Cardiomyopathy • Genetic Disorders • Nephrology • Polycystic Kidney Disease • Renal Disease • ATP7B • PKD1

Fluorene‑9‑bisphenol‑associated endoplasmic reticulum stress linked to oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy in SH‑SY5Y cells. (PubMed, Toxicology) - "Moreover, BHPF could trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), and ER stress inhibitor taurodeoxycholate (TUDCA) reversed the BHPF-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, our in vitro data indicate that ER stress may be linked to the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy observed in nerve cells following BHPF exposure. These findings offer preliminary insights into cellular processes that could help elucidate the potential role of nerve cells in BHPF-associated degenerative diseases."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • ATG5 • BECN1 • CASP3 • CASP8 • MFN1

IRE1/FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy alleviates zearalenone-induced ER stress and developmental defects in porcine embryos. (PubMed, Ecotoxicol Environ Saf) - "Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) alleviated ZEN-induced ER stress, restoring ER distribution and calcium homeostasis, reducing DNA damage, and improving blastocyst development. These findings suggest that ZEN disrupts IRE1 signaling and suppresses ER-phagy during early porcine embryo development, whereas TUDCA alleviates ER stress and improves embryonic competence during IVC."

Journal • Preclinical • Gynecology • ERN1 • HSPA5 • MAP1LC3B • MAPK8 • RHOD

The role of microbiota derived metabolites in modulating diabetic inflammation: a systematic review. (PubMed, J Mol Histol) - "Clinically, bile acid-based therapies show promise: ursodeoxycholic acid regimens have reduced oxidative stress markers by around 20-30% and improved lipid and glycaemic indices, ursodeoxycholic acid reduced oxidative stress and improved metabolic indices in T2DM patients, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuated inflammatory β-cell damage in diabetic rodent models. In contrast, higher trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations correlate with increased vascular inflammation and a higher incidence of cardiometabolic events in diabetic cohorts. Collectively, preclinical and clinical data illustrate that MDMs modulate GPR41/43, FXR/TGR5 and AhR-dependent pathways to quell diabetic inflammation and support the development of targeted microbiota- and metabolite-based strategies for mitigating metabolic and inflammatory complications in T2DM."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • IL6 • TNFA

Circadian disruption drives MASLD by impairing FABP5-dependent incretin secretion via gut microbial TUDCA depletion (EASL 2026) - No abstract available

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • FABP5

Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer basic science State-of-the-Art: Bile acid signalling (EASL 2026) - "Consequently, development of innovative therapeutic interventions such as the therapeutic BA norucholic acid (NCA) - like TUDCA an activator of the cholangiocellular chloride channel anoctamin-1 and TGR5 rescuer, and a mTOR inhibitor in immune cells -, steroidal and nonsteroidal FXR, PXR and TGR5 agonists or intestinal and hepatic BA uptake inhibitors in hepatobiliary diseases has been made possible and is ongoing19.This lecture will explore recent advances in our understanding of transcriptional and posttranscriptional bile acid signaling, focusing on its role in hepatobiliary (patho-) physiology and potential therapeutic interventions. Benefits and challenges to therapeutic targeting of bile acid circulation in cholestatic liver disease. Hepatology 2025, epub."

Cholestasis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Primary Biliary Cholangitis • ANO1

Supplementation of organelle-specific antioxidants during in vitro oocyte maturation enhances embryo development and pregnancy outcomes in bovine. (PubMed, Theriogenology) - "This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel organelle-specific antioxidant cocktail (MTR-AO), which is composed of Mitoquinone (0.1 μM), TUDCA (100 μM), and Resveratrol (0.5 μM) in enhancing oocyte and embryo development in bovine ART. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the MTR-AO cocktail in mitigating oxidative and ER stress, thereby enhancing oocyte and subsequent embryo quality. This study underscores the potential of organelle-specific multi-antioxidant supplementation approaches in improving ART outcomes, offering a valuable strategy for optimizing commercial bovine embryo production strategies and other reproductive technologies in animals and humans."

Journal • Preclinical

TUDCA as a Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis (UC) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=14 | Completed | Sponsor: Washington University School of Medicine | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis

Integrative Liver-Targeted Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: Combining Tauroursodeoxycholate and Traditional Chinese Medicine. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=69 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham

New P2 trial • Diabetic Macular Edema • Ophthalmology

Oxidative Stress and Motor Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease: A Systematic Review of Antioxidant Strategies (AAN 2026) - " Of the 22 preclinical studies, 18 reported improved motor performance or survival following antioxidant treatment (e.g., creatine, vitamin C, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, omega-3 fatty acids)... Oxidative stress is a central driver of HD-related motor dysfunction. While antioxidants demonstrate robust neuroprotective effects in animal models, human clinical translation has been disappointing. These findings suggest that antioxidant monotherapy may be insufficient, and future strategies should focus on combination therapies that couple oxidative stress modulation with neurogenic and disease-modifying approaches."

Oxidative stress • Review • CNS Disorders • Huntington's Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders

Taurine Ursodeoxycholic Acid (tudca) Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide (lps)/tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (tnf-a) Induced Barrier Dysfunction, Inflammatory Signaling and Promotes Cell Survival in Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (hpaecs) (ATS 2026) - No abstract available

Late-breaking abstract • Oncology • TNFA

Early risperidone exposure impairs cognitive function by perturbation of the gut microbiome and bile acids/tyrosine-PTP1B axis. (PubMed, Microbiome) - "This study, for the first time, reveals that early risperidone exposure induces gut microbiome dysbiosis and disturbs the bile acids/tyrosine-PTP1B axis to impair cognitive function. These findings alert the risk of gut and neurological side effects of SGAs treatment and highlight that it is crucial to maintain gut homeostasis during the brain developmental phases of children and adolescents with SGAs exposure. Video Abstract."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Transplantation • PTPN1

The Collaborative Collapse: Bile Acid Dysmetabolism as a Central Pathogenic Driver in Canine and Feline Multi-Systemic Disorders-From Mechanisms to Precision Therapeutics. (PubMed, Vet Sci) - "Diagnostic protocols should prioritize functional profiling, including the dysbiosis index (DI), serum conjugated BA analysis, and SBA/PBA ratios. Clinical management is moving beyond empirical fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), towards precision synthetic microbial consortia (SynComs), neuroprotective BAs like tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), and molecular postbiotics to restore the collaborative metabolome."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Fibrosis • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Immunology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Transplantation

Impaired Taurine Transport Contributes to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systems Biology Analysis. (PubMed, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol) - "Pups received tunicamycin or tauroursodeoxycholic acid to study mechanisms that modulate taurine metabolism...Our integrated metabolomic and single-cell analyses reveal that taurine enhances endothelial resilience primarily by activating the unfolded protein response rather than through direct angiogenic signaling. This represents a distinct antioxidant mechanism not previously characterized in hyperoxic lung injury."

Journal • Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Bruceine D ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by selectively modulating bile acid synthesis and activating FXR-SHP signaling. (PubMed, Phytomedicine) - "BD ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by selectively inhibiting classical BA synthesis, quantitatively remodeling the BA pool toward a less hepatotoxic profile, and suppressing inflammation and fibrosis through functional restoration of FXR-dependent feedback signaling. Its synthesis-centered mechanism and favorable short-term safety profile support BD as a promising therapeutic candidate for cholestatic liver diseases."

Journal • Cholestasis • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • ABCB4 • CYP27A1 • CYP8B1

Myrrh ameliorates endometriosis by enhancing ER stress-related apoptotic cell death. (PubMed, Exp Ther Med) - "Treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, an ER stress inhibitor, was found to abolish myrrh-induced cytotoxicity. Overall, these findings suggest that myrrh inhibits the growth of endometrial foci by inducing ER stress and subsequent apoptosis. Therefore, myrrh may be a potential therapeutic candidate for endometriosis."

IO biomarker • Journal • Endometriosis • Gynecology • Inflammation • Pain • Targeted Protein Degradation • Women's Health • ATF4 • ATF6 • BCL2 • DDIT3 • ERN1 • PPP1R15A

Ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates high-fat diet-induced liver injury by modulating gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism: an integrated microbiota-metabolomics analysis. (PubMed, Front Nutr) - "UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed a marked reorganization of bile acid metabolism, characterized by elevated non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids (UDCA, TUDCA) and enhanced alternative synthesis via CYP27A1 upregulation. These findings validate UDCA's multifaceted hepatoprotection via microbiota-bile acid crosstalk and metabolic-inflammatory modulation. The study provides a mechanistic basis for UDCA's traditional use in hepatobiliary disorders by integrating microbial, metabolic, and molecular evidence."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Hepatology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • CYP27A1 • IL6 • PPARG • TNFA

Endothelial IRE1 signaling maintains blood-brain barrier integrity and limits neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. (PubMed, Cell Death Dis) - "Treatment with the chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) suppressed Cxcl10 expression both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly improved motor function following TBI. These findings reveal a critical role for endothelial IRE1 signaling in maintaining BBB integrity and restraining inflammation during the acute phase of TBI. Modulation of ER stress in brain ECs may represent a promising and accessible therapeutic strategy for reducing secondary injury after TBI."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Vascular Neurology • CXCL10 • ERN1

Synergistic Neuroprotective Effects of Taurine and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid on the Neurovascular Unit in Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury. (PubMed, Rejuvenation Res) - "Furthermore, they acted together on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the addition of the p38 inhibitor SB203580 partially inhibited the expression of p38MAPK. Thus, the combined action of these drugs protected the NVU."

IO biomarker • Journal • Cardiovascular • Oncology • Reperfusion Injury • BAX • BCL2 • CASP3 • CLDN5 • IL1B • IL6 • MMP2 • MMP9 • TJP1 • TNFA

Tauro ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) inhibits human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell invasion through MMPs inactivation and the modulation of the MAPKs signaling pathway. (PubMed, Cytotechnology) - "Furthermore, gene reporter assay confirmed that TUDCA inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and AP1. These results suggest that TUDCA could exert a potent anti-metastatic activity in PMA-stimulated HT-1080 cells through modulation of MMPs, MAPKs signaling pathway, and NF-κB and AP1 transcription factors."

Journal • Fibrosarcoma • Oncology • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • FOS • MMP2 • MMP9

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid alleviates depression-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress through amelioration of catecholamine imbalance. (PubMed, Brain Res) - "Further analysis showed that TUDCA treatment increases TH expression in the hippocampus and reduces the increased the protein levels of MAO-A in both brain areas. Our research suggests that TUDCA mitigated depressive-like behavior, and the mechanism appeared to be related to the regulation of catecholamine levels and their synthetic and degrading enzymes in both brain areas."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • IL1B • NLRP3

Structural elucidation of active arabinogalactans from Alisma plantago-aquatica and its protection against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. (PubMed, Carbohydr Polym) - "Moreover, ARP70-1 promoted the hepatic expression of genes involved in bile acid metabolism and transport (CYP7A1, SLC10A1, ABCB11, ABCC3, BAAT, SULT2A1, and SULT2A8), and increased the levels of conjugated bile acids, including tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), tauro-ω-muricholic acid (TωMCA), tauro-hyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA), and tauro-deoxycholic acid (TDCA). These effects collectively improved bile acid synthesis, transport, metabolism, and excretion, alleviated APAP-induced cholestasis, and conferred hepatoprotective effects."

Journal • Cholestasis • Hepatology • Liver Failure • ABCB1 • ABCC3

TUDCA Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice by Modulating the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol) - "Moreover, TUDCA inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, TUDCA alleviates AD-related cognitive deficits partly through modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis while also acting via microbiota-independent mechanisms, supporting its potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Transplantation • NLRP3 • TLR4

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Epilepsy via Suppression of Ferroptosis. (PubMed, J Integr Neurosci) - "TUDCA mitigates epilepsy through the suppression of ferroptosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for epilepsy treatment."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy