piracetam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A sustainable multi-task HPLC-UV method for simultaneous analysis of top neuromodulating agents in diverse pharmaceutical formulations. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Herein, a reliable and ecological chromatographic method was developed, verified and validated for the simultaneous determination of three approved drugs that can be co-administered in many treatment protocols for epilepsy management; Piracetam (PIR), Gabapentin (GBP) and Levetiracetam (LEV). Moreover, the supremacy of the developed method was further extended for monitoring the in-vitro release profile of the stated drugs and content uniformity of their marketed pharmaceutical formulations. Finally, the ecological impact of the suggested method was monitored, evaluated and compared to the official HPLC ones utilizing newly introduced greenness, blueness and whiteness assessment methods tools."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

In Vivo Neuroprotective Effects of Alpinetin Against Experimental Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the sham operation group, the Rt.MCAO group, the Rt.MCAO+piracetam group, and the Rt.MCAO+alpinetin groups (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW)...The results showed that treatment with alpinetin (100 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced the expression levels of COX-2 and IL-6 in both the cortex and hippocampus. Our findings suggest that alpinetin significantly mitigates the effects of cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and could potentially be developed as a therapeutic agent for stroke treatment."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Vascular Neurology • CAT • IL6 • PTGS2

PIRACETAM HELPS RESTORE VISION AFTER CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. (PubMed, Georgian Med News) - "The results were subjected to statistical processing (Student's and sign criteria). At the end of the course of piracetam administration, the visual functions were reassessed, namely, the functional capacity of the retina was determined by the magnitude of LST and VMRT."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Ophthalmology • Vascular Neurology

Piracetam as Neuroprotective, Anticonvulsant, and Anti-Anxiety Agent: An In Vivo Study on Ptz Epileptic Rats. (PubMed, Arch Razi Inst) - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and anti-anxiety effects of piracetam in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure rat model...The positive control group was administered diazepam (2 mg/kg), while the negative control group was treated with only PTZ...It can be posited that Piracetam may possess neuroprotective, anti-epileptic, anti-anxiety, and antioxidant properties in PTZ epileptic rats. Nevertheless, additional research is required to substantiate these findings."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Piracetam shapes wide-bandgap perovskite crystals for scalable perovskite tandems. (PubMed, Nat Nanotechnol) - "In addition, piracetam demonstrates broad applicability across different perovskite compositions, increasing the PCE from 23.56% to 25.71% for single-junction 1.56 eV-bandgap counterparts. This method thus provides an effective pathway for scalable and efficient all-perovskite TSCs."

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Modulation of VEGF/eNOS/TGF-β Axis by Piracetam as a New Avenue to Ameliorate Valproic Acid-Induced Placental Toxicity and Teratogenicity in Rats. (PubMed, J Biochem Mol Toxicol) - "These favorable effects of Piracetam were mediated by the enhancement of placental angiogenesis via the VEGF/eNOS/TGF-β pathway and attenuating placental oxidative stress, which appeared as decreased MDA content and increased GSH and TAC levels. In conclusion, activation of placental angiogenesis via the VEGF/eNOS/TGF-β axis alongside inhibition of oxidative stress by Piracetam can ameliorate Valproic acid-evoked placental toxicity and, subsequently, fetal malformations in rats."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • NOS3 • TGFB1

The mechanistic role of piracetam in the management of vascular dementia. (PubMed, Behav Brain Res) - "However, the exact neuroprotective mechanism of piracetam against the development and progression of VaD was not fully clarified. Consequently, this review attempts to discuss the potential effect of piracetam in VaD."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders

Development and Optimization of Piracetam and Shatavarin IV-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: In Silico and Experimental Analysis. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "Stability studies indicated that the formulation remained stable with only minor changes in particle size, PDI, and zeta potential over time. This nanoemulsion presents a promising therapeutic strategy for AD."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • AXIN1 • TNFA

Elucidating the Three-Dimensional Structure of Piracetam through Rotational Spectroscopy. (PubMed, ChemistryOpen) - "The second conformer is close in stability and only differs in the endo disposition of the ring. The results show a low interconversion barrier between both conformers."

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Galangin's Neuroprotective Role: Targeting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Ischemic Stroke in a Rat Model of Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control; right middle cerebral artery occlusion (Rt.MCAO) with vehicle; Rt.MCAO with piracetam, a synthetic compound known as a cognitive enhancer; and Rt.MCAO with galangin administered at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight...In conclusion, galangin demonstrates significant promise as a neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis, thereby improving neurological outcomes. However, clinical trials are required to validate these preclinical findings and confirm galangin's therapeutic efficacy in humans."

IO biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • B Cell Lymphoma • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • BAX • BCL2L1 • CASP3 • IL6 • MPO • PTGS2

DPN: The Effect of Piracetam on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=60 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Ain Shams University | Trial completion date: Aug 2025 ➔ Nov 2025 | Initiation date: Oct 2024 ➔ Feb 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2025 ➔ Nov 2025

Trial completion date • Trial initiation date • Trial primary completion date • Diabetes • Diabetic Neuropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • BDNF

Antiamnesic and Neurotrophic Effects of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br (Fabaceae) Aqueous Extract on In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Excitotoxicity. (PubMed, Behav Neurol) - "For the in vivo study, 42 adult male rats were divided into six groups of seven rats each and treated daily for 30 days as follows: normal control group (distilled water, 10 mL/kg, po), negative control group (distilled water, 10 mL/kg, po), positive control group (piracetam, 200 mg/kg, po), and 03 test groups (extract, 44, 88, and 176 mg/kg, po). Scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, ip) was administered once daily, 45 min after these treatments, for 14 days, except in the normal control group...These results suggest that the extract has effects on amnesia and neurogenesis. These effects seem to be mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory modulations."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation

Modulation of PI3K/AKT signaling and DFT modeling via selected pharmaceutical compounds attenuates carrageenan-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "The main goal of the current study is to estimate the in vivo anti-inflammatory/antioxidant ability of four selected pharmaceutical compounds: bisoprolol (Biso), piracetam (Pirc), clopidogrel (Clop), and cinnarizine (Cinna). Indomethacin (Indo) was used as a reference drug to perform a realistic comparison between the four compounds and the Indo in vivo through tracking PI3K/AKT signaling and computational chemistry via density functional theory (DFT) modeling to analyze the electrostatic potential across the molecule and provide insight into the regions for receptor binding of the studied compounds...DFT modeling aligned with the biochemical data and indicated that Cinna emerges as the most reactive drug with high polarizability (302.741 a.u.), a relative small FMOs energy gap (ΔE 5.002 eV), relative low molecular hardness (2.501 eV), relative high softness (0.400 eV-1), and distinct nucleophilic/electrophilic interaction sites, indicating strong specific..."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • IL10 • IL4 • IL6

Synthesis, structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and molecular docking studies of the cocrystal between the Cu(II) complex of salicylic acid and uncoordinated piracetam. (PubMed, Turk J Chem) - "For example, the binding energy in the case of anti-COVID activity is improved from -10.34 to -11.40 kcal/mol. Thus, cocrystal formation based on metal complexes and inactive organic compounds may be promising in drug design."

Journal • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Effect of Huayu Tongluo moxibustion on learning-memory ability in rats with vascular dementia based on hippocampal Mst1/NF-κB p65 pathway (PubMed, Zhongguo Zhen Jiu) - "Huayu Tongluo moxibustion can improve the learning-memory ability of VD rats, the mechanism may be related to regulating the activation of microglia through Mst1/NF-κB p65 pathway, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors i.e. IL-6 and TNF-α, so as to alleviating the damage of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus of VD rats."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Inflammation • Oncology • CD86 • IL6 • MST1 • TNFA

Abnormal Astrocyte Heterogeneity in the Dentate Gyrus of Rats Prone to Audiogenic Seizures Can Be Corrected by the Nootropic Drug Piracetam. (PubMed, Hippocampus) - "The results suggested that the nootropic and antiepileptic effects of piracetam may be, at least partially, mediated by the modulation of astroglia functions. In addition, analysis of NFIA and GS colocalization revealed the novel pattern of astrocyte heterogeneity in the DG which was significantly altered in epileptic rats but corrected by piracetam."

Heterogeneity • Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • GFAP

A case report of mental disorder caused by shunt blockage after hydrocephalus surgery. (PubMed, Front Psychiatry) - "This case report describes a 34-year-old male with a 16-year history of depressive disorder, previously managed with 150 mg of venlafaxine daily, 7.5 mg of zopiclone every night, and 2.4 g of piracetam every day...Following an increase in shunt drainage and the administration of a low dose of olanzapine, the patient's psychiatric symptoms showed significant improvement. Reporting this case seeks to enhance clinicians' awareness of the psychiatric manifestations of organic brain lesions, expand the differential diagnostic approach for psychiatrists, and improve diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for cautious use of psychiatric medications, appropriate symptomatic management, and timely referral when necessary."

Journal • Surgery • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Urinary Incontinence • Urology • Ventriculomegaly

Efficacy of piracetam in children with breath-holding spells: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Eur J Pediatr) - "• Oral piracetam is efficacious and safe in children with BHS. • Its efficacy is further increased by co-administration of oral docosahexaenoic acid."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Pediatrics

Impact of Polymers on the Kinetics of the Solid-State Phase Transition of Piracetam Polymorphs. (PubMed, Mol Pharm) - "We propose that the low segmental mobility of polymers enriched between the crystalline phases can considerably inhibit the nucleation and growth of the stable form at the interface during the phase transition. Our findings deepen the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the solid-state phase transition of polymorphic drugs in the presence of polymeric excipients, providing a promising formulation approach for stabilizing the metastable pharmaceutical polymorphs."

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Effect of galangin on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. (PubMed, Biomed Rep) - "A total of 60 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Control, right middle cerebral artery occlusion (Rt.MCAO) + vehicle, Rt.MCAO + piracetam, and Rt.MCAO + galangin at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight...In conclusion, galangin showed significant in vivo potential in mitigating the pathological changes caused by cerebral ischemia, likely due to its antioxidant properties and modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Additional research is now needed to explore the biochemical and neurological impacts of galangin in focal cerebral ischemia and to fully elucidate its mechanism of action."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Thrombosis • CAT • MFN2

Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Inhibiting Voids via a Green Additive. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "In this study, a green solid-state additive, piracetam (PA), was introduced into a perovskite precursor to reduce void formation...Additionally, the introduction of PA could effectively enhance the crystallization of perovskite, leading to an improved quality of the perovskite films and depressed nonradiative recombination. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs increased significantly from 20.95 to 23.42% with excellent operational and thermal stability."

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Effect of a Plant Based Nootropic on Perceptual Decision Making. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=37 | Completed | Sponsor: University of Leeds

New trial

Study of the Pharmaceutical Market of Nootropic Medicines and Awareness of Pharmacists for the Pharmacotherapy of Cognitive Disorders During War Time in Ukraine (ISPOR-EU 2024) - "Preparations produced by Poland, Bulgaria and Turkey make up 0.64% .The research shows that citicoline and piracetam are 40 % in solutions and 35% in tablets . 90% of medicine drugs nootropics are monocomponent, therefore, there is a need to implement combined means in Ukraine that will have increasing economic availability. There is an informational need for pharmacists to renew knowledge due to neurological diseases for pharmaceutical care.There is an informational need for pharmacists to renew knowledge concerning neurological diseases for pharmaceutical care."

CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders

Effect of Piracetam and Iron Supplementation on Heart Rate Variability in Children With Breath-Holding Spells: Effective Treatment or Placebo? (PubMed, Pediatr Neurol) - No abstract available

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Chemical Upcycling of Expired Pharmaceuticals as a Source of Value-Added Chemicals for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry. (PubMed, Molecules) - "In an effort to reveal the potential of the chemical upcycling of expired pharmaceuticals, the active ingredients gabapentin and pregabalin were extracted and used as starting materials to prepare a small collection of promising substrates endowed with functionalities and structural three-dimensionality. Due to the biological profile of 5 and the structural similarity of the N-alkylated derivatives 5l and 6b with the drug piracetam, a collection of potentially bioactive structural analogs 5a-l and 6a-b were also prepared. Simple extraction, synthesis, and purification procedures were used as a means of chemical and economic revaluation, resulting in moderate to good yields at a low cost."

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