piracetam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Metachronous Cardio-Cerebral Infarction: A Rehabilitation Conundrum in Dual Pathology Recovery. (PubMed, Am J Phys Med Rehabil) - "A combined inpatient stroke-cardiac rehabilitation approach was implemented, incorporating attention process training, speech-language therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, pharmacological neuromodulation with piracetam, and tailored aerobic reconditioning...This case illustrates the feasibility and necessity of an integrated, interdisciplinary rehabilitation model in cardio-cerebral infarction. Further research is required to develop structured rehabilitation protocols for this rare but complex condition."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Ischemic stroke • Myocardial Infarction

Modulatory Potential of Alpinetin on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Mitochondrial Dynamics in a Rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Ischemic Stroke. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham operation, Rt.MCAO + vehicle, Rt.MCAO + piracetam (250 mg/kg BW), and Rt.MCAO + alpinetin (100 mg/kg BW)...It also attenuated p38 MAPK activation and preserved mitochondrial integrity by mitigating the decline in Mfn2 levels. Overall, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of alpinetin in targeting multiple pathological processes involved in ischemic brain injury, supporting its promise as an effective treatment for stroke."

IO biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • B Cell Lymphoma • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Vascular Neurology • BAX • BCL2L1 • CASP3 • GFAP • MFN2 • MPO • SOD2

Piracetam for Risperidone-associated Hypersalivation: A Novel Treatment Approach in an Adolescent Case. (PubMed, J Clin Psychopharmacol) - No abstract available

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Targeting NMDA receptors in pain management: therapeutic innovations through piracetam repurposing. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "This review shed light on the analgesic potential of piracetam and its derivatives, the role of NMDA receptors in pain mechanisms, and the development of novel, safer NMDA-targeting drugs that can overcome the limitations of existing therapies. It does, however, recognize receptor diversity and desensitization and warrants further detailed investigations for managing chronic pain."

Journal • Review • Pain

Development and validation of UPLC-MS/MS method for detecting nootropic misuse in oral fluids: A step towards combating doping in Esports. (PubMed, Anal Chim Acta) - "This study establishes a robust and practical analytical method utilising oral fluid for the detection of nootropics relevant to doping control in Esports. The approach enables rapid, non-invasive sample collection and reliable quantification, offering the potential for routine pre-game and in-competition monitoring. While the method is validated, further investigation is warranted to define drug excretion profiles and detection windows in oral fluid under real-use conditions."

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Development of sustained release injectable phospholipid-based phase transition gel matrixed with Piracetam and cannabidiol loaded nanoemulsion for amelioration of Alzheimer's therapy. (PubMed, Drug Deliv Transl Res) - "In vitro studies revealed sustained release of 90.538 ± 2.62% PIRA and 87.202 ± 2.16% CBD over 96 h, compared to rapid release from the drug solution. This study introduces a novel phospholipid-based phase-transition gel depot incorporating PIRA-CBD nanoemulsion, which provides sustained, targeted brain delivery to enhance therapeutic efficacy and improve patient compliance in Alzheimer's disease management."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Inflammation

Prospects for nasal delivery of a pharmacologic agent for neuroprotective experimental therapy after prenatal hypoxia. (PubMed, Front Syst Neurosci) - "Newborn rats were divided into groups receiving either Angiolin gel intranasally, Piracetam intraperitoneally, or saline (control) for 30 days...These findings suggest that intranasal administration of Angiolin gel effectively targets multiple pathophysiological pathways triggered by PH, providing robust neuroprotection and promoting functional recovery. Given its favorable safety profile and the non-invasive nature of intranasal delivery, Angiolin gel represents a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating the long-term neurological consequences of prenatal hypoxia and warrants further clinical investigation in neonatal and pediatric neurology."

IO biomarker • Journal • Cognitive Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Pediatrics • BCL2 • GPX1

History of the Racetams. (AES 2025) - "Funding: None Rationale: Levetiracetam (LEV) has been a blockbuster drug and drew attention to a unique mechanism of action. The history of antiseizure medication (ASM) discovery provides lessons for new drug development. We reviewed literature and conducted interviews with the investigators involved. Piracetam was synthesized in 1964 by Giurgea in a project attempting to develop GABA analogues for use in sleep induction...Gower noted that while LEV was only weakly effective in the more common maximal electric shock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models, it was surprisingly effective as an anticonvulsant in an audiogenic mouse model...Seletracetam and brivaracetam (BRV) were both synthesized and BRV was chosen as more promising for clinical development based on effectiveness in MES and PTX models as well as the audiogenic mouse model... LEV would not have been discovered if only standard screening models were used. New screening methods may help identify new ASMs.New..."

Absence Seizure Disorder • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry

Piracetam reverses scopolamine-induced memory disorder in mice: an animal model using behavioral, oxidative, and cholinesterase biomarkers. (PubMed, Neurosci Lett) - "Furthermore, piracetam at a dose of 200 mg/kg could reverse the memory impairment induced by scopolamine by mechanisms that are independent of the antioxidant action and cholinesterase inhibition. The present model has showed great sensibility and could be used to evaluate other drugs with the potential for the treatment of diseases related to memory damage."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • CAT

Piracetam attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation-induced neuronal cell death in rats with vascular dementia potentially via the activation of the AMPK/SIRT-1/Nrf-2 signaling pathway. (PubMed, Metab Brain Dis) - "Mechanistic studies showed that piracetam activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn upregulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), leading to improved cognitive performance. In conclusion, piracetam ameliorates cognitive impairment in CCH-induced VaD by modulating oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and inflammatory cell death, potentially through activation of the AMPK/SIRT-1/Nrf-2 signaling pathway."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Inflammation • SIRT1

COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Tinnitus. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Despite the vitamin B complex and multiple courses of piracetam, her hearing did not improve, although her tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) score slightly decreased...Management remains challenging, and the psychological impact of the pandemic may contribute to symptom persistence. Early intervention and awareness are essential for optimal care."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Otorhinolaryngology

TAKE A BREATH: A CASE OF SEVERE BREATH-HOLDING SPELLS (CHEST 2025) - "Other therapies that have been utilized include Theophylline, Fluoxetine, and anticholinergic medications like Atropine and Glycopyrrolate (1). Studies have also evaluated medications typically used for epilepsy, specifically Piracetam and Levetiracetam... Severe breath holding spells may warrant further medical evaluation and consideration of treatment. Use of Levetiracetam has been shown in literature to be an effective treatment for breath holding spells and indeed has proven beneficial for our patient."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for disorders of consciousness: a retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Binary logistic regression analyses showed that shorter disease duration, injury at non-brain stem sites, higher pretreatment GCS scores, earlier timing of intervention, and combined use of acupuncture, amantadine, piracetam, and Suhexiang Pill were independent factors influencing the good prognosis of DoC patients. However, it may improve the level of consciousness of patients with stroke-induced or moderate DoC. Nevertheless, this conclusion requires validation through rigorous, standardized, large-sample randomized controlled trials (RCTs)."

Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Vascular Neurology

ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE IN PARTIAL HELLP SYNDROME PATIENT: A RARE CASE (WCN 2025) - "Hyper-coagulopathy was also noted (D-dimer 2069 ng/mL, fibrinogen 232 mg/dL). Upon diagnosis, intravenous citicoline, piracetam and peroral aspirin was given. HELLP syndrome can activate the complement system and coagulation cascade, leading to endothelial injury and AIS. Aspirin, commonly used post-delivery, is considered safe and effective in these cases"

Clinical • CNS Disorders

MOVEMENT DISORDERS IN SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS A STUDY OF A TUNISIAN PEDIATRIC COHORT (WCN 2025) - "The spectrum of movement disorders in SSPE is highly variable and can be misleading especially when they are the predominant clinical feature. Recognizing this heterogeneity is essential for accurate diagnosis and tailored management."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Epilepsy • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Utilization of psychotropic drugs in Serbia from 2006 to 2021: Patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The COVID-19 pandemic did not contribute to change in consumption of psychotropic drugs in Serbia. Still, the use of antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, anti-dementia drugs and gabapentinoids increased from 2006 to 2021."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Infectious Disease • Mental Retardation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psychiatry

Augmentation of glutamatergic modulators for schizophrenia: A network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry) - "Among add-on glutamatergic modulators with moderate to high certainty of benefit over placebo, piracetam 2400-4800 mg/day showed the greatest improvement in total psychopathology (standardized mean differences [SMD] -0.94, 95 % confidence interval [CI] -1.47 to -0.41), benzoate 1000-2000 mg/day was most effective for positive symptoms (SMD -0.43, 95 % CI -0.71 to -0.16), memantine 5-20 mg/day ranked highest for negative symptom reduction (SMD -0.64, 95 % CI -0.85 to -0.43), and the combination of sarcosine 2000 mg/day and benzoate 1000 mg/day showed the greatest enhancement in global cognitive function (SMD 1.08, 95 % CI 0.45 to 1.71). Other agents, including d-serine 2000-4000 mg/day, evenamide 30-60 mg/day, iclepertine 10-25 mg/day, lamotrigine, luvadaxistat 50 mg/day, minocycline 100-300 mg/day, N-acetylcysteine 2000 mg/day, sarcosine 2000 mg/day, and topiramate demonstrated benefits with moderate to high certainty in one or more domains. Notably, memantine,..."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Exploring the Cognitive Benefits of a Blackcurrant-Based Supplement in Normobaric Hypoxia (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=27 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Leeds Beckett University

New trial • Alzheimer's Disease • Cognitive Disorders

Restoring the enteric neuroimmune crosstalk via hollow mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. (PubMed, J Control Release) - "In this study, a drug delivery system was developed using hollow mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (HMPDA) as carriers to co-deliver piracetam and galantamine hydrobromide. The Drugs@HMPDA@Pec system presented in this study was not only an advanced targeted co-delivery platform but also represented a novel combined therapeutic strategy for IBD, which aimed to repair the intestinal neural network and restore intestinal flora diversity to maintain enteric neuro-immune homeostasis, thereby achieving outstanding therapeutic effects. This research provided new insights and approaches for the treatment of IBD."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Development and Preclinical Evaluation of Fixed-Dose Capsules Containing Nicergoline, Piracetam, and Hawthorn Extract for Sensorineural Hearing Loss. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Acute toxicity tests in mice and rats indicated a high safety margin (LD50 > 2500 mg/kg), while ototoxicity assessments showed no adverse effects on auditory function. The developed formulation displayed good stability, safety, and therapeutic potential, while the applied workflow could represent a model for the development of future fixed-dose combinations."

Journal • Preclinical • Otorhinolaryngology

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nootropic activities in flavonoid-rich fractions derived from Clerodendrum infortunatum leaf and root extracts: A comparative analysis. (PubMed, Fitoterapia) - "The nootropic potential was assessed in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats using behavioral paradigms, biochemical markers of oxidative stress, and histopathological examination...Behavioral studies indicated that CILM (400 mg/kg) improved spatial memory and recognition performance comparable to Piracetam...Histological evaluation supported these findings by demonstrating reduced neuronal degeneration and gliosis. Overall, methanolic extracts of C. infortunatum, especially from the leaves, displayed potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nootropic effects, highlighting their therapeutic potential for managing oxidative stress and cognitive impairments associated with neurodegenerative disorders."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders

Middle ear myoclonus: pathophysiology and management. (PubMed, Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg) - "MEM is a complex otologic condition with limited high-quality data guiding its diagnosis and management. Due to its variable presentations and response to treatment, a multidisciplinary and individualized approach remains essential. While pharmacological treatments and surgical outcomes are generally favourable, interest in botulinum toxin continues to grow. Further large-scale, controlled studies are needed to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms, optimize diagnostic accuracy, and standardize treatment protocols."

Journal • Movement Disorders • Otorhinolaryngology

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Evaluation of Piracetam Tablet: A Randomized, Single-Dose, Two-Period, Crossover Study in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=56 | Completed | Sponsor: Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital; China Resources Double-Crane Limin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

New trial

Mechanism of immediate administration of Angong Niuhuang Pills in intervention of traumatic brain injury based on metabolomics and transcriptomics (PubMed, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi) - "Rats were randomly divided into sham operation(sham) group, model(Mod) group, positive drug(piracetam) group, ANP low-dose(ANP-L) group, and ANP high-dose(ANP-H) group according to a random number table...Enrichment analysis highlighted that biological functions related to inflammatory responses and apoptotic processes, and key signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) were significantly enriched. The data of transcriptomics and metabolomics pinpointed three key metabolic pathways, i.e., glycerophospholipid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and glycine, threonine, and serine metabolism."

IO biomarker • Journal • B Cell Lymphoma • CNS Disorders • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Vascular Neurology • BCL2 • CASP3 • PACERR • PTGS2 • TP53

Molecularly imprinted multifunctional polymer-modified single-atom-homojunctions for sensitive photoelectrochemical Escherichia coli O157:H7 sensing. (PubMed, Anal Chim Acta) - "On this basis, this research opens up a wider range of possibilities to analyze the binding sites of template and functional monomers as well as the mechanism of their interactions in the MIPs-PEC sensor, which provided new insights for efficient monitoring of foodborne pathogens to safeguard environmental health and food safety."

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