promethazine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Time-Dependent Neuroprotection of Pre-reperfusion Hypothermia: CREB1/GATA3-Driven RBM3 Transcription Cooperates with Mitochondrial Preservation to Block Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-Induced Pyroptosis (ISC 2026) - "Pharmacological cooling (chlorpromazine+promethazine) was applied in vivo and physical hypothermia (32°C) were applied in vitro. Pre-reperfusion hypothermia uniquely enables RBM3 accumulation by combining CREB1/GATA3-driven transcription with mitochondrial preservation to avert ROS-mediated suppression. RBM3 acts as a pivotal determinant of neuroprotection, providing strategic targets for stroke therapy."

Cardiovascular • CREB1 • GATA3 • NLRP3 • RBM3 • TXNIP

Respiratory drugs and psychiatric adverse events in children and adolescents: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "The highest mortality rates were observed with hydroxyzine (50.94%) and caffeine (50.00%), while oxytetracycline (4/4, 100%) showed the highest proportions of life-threatening events...This study identifies statistical associations between RDs and pAEs in pediatric patients, particularly with montelukast and promethazine. The highest mortality rates were observed with hydroxyzine. These findings provide a foundation for further research but require confirmation through large-scale prospective studies."

Adverse events • Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • Suicidal Ideation

Exogenous Sex Hormones and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Risk in Transgender Patients. (PubMed, Anesth Analg) - "Transgender female (AMAB) patients on estrogen GAHT required rescue antiemetics more often than cisgender males and cisgender females after orchiectomies and augmentation mammoplasties. Transgender male (AFAB) patients on testosterone GAHT required rescue antiemetics less often than cisgender females after hysterectomies. These findings underscore the need for individualized perioperative care and antiemetic prophylaxis to promote equitable anesthetic care for transgender patients. This study's retrospective design limits causal inference and is subject to coding errors and residual confounding. Prospective studies with detailed perioperative and hormonal data are needed to validate these findings and clarify how the timing, dosage, and duration of GAHT influence PONV risk."

Journal • Anesthesia • Gynecology • Nicotine Addiction • Tobacco Addiction

CHILL-S: Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Hibernation-Like Therapy (Chlorpromazine and Promethazine) in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Eligible for Reperfusion Therapy. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=57 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Ji Xunming,MD,PhD

New trial • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

An Open-label, Single-arm, Prospective, Multicenter, Phase I/II Clinical Study on the Safety and Efficacy of CD19/BCMA CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=24 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Yihao Wang

New P1/2 trial • Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Immunology

Efficacy and safety of haloperidol-promethazine combination versus chlorpromazine-promethazine in managing acute behavioral disturbances and violent behavior in psychiatric patients. (PubMed, Psychiatry Res) - "The combination of haloperidol and promethazine may be more effective and associated with fewer adverse effects compared to chlorpromazine and promethazine in the management of acute behavioral disturbances and violent behavior in individuals with psychiatric disorders. These findings support the use of haloperidol in combination with promethazine as a preferred intervention in acute psychiatric settings."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Preventive activity of promethazine against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. biofilms fixed on urinary catheters. (PubMed, Biofouling) - "The results indicated that PMT exhibits high potential as an antifungal agent, with promising applications in coatings aimed at preventing Candida spp. infections associated with long-term urinary devices."

Journal • Candidiasis • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Urology

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Unmasked: A Case of Extrapyramidal Syndrome With Tardive Dystonia Leading to a Life-Threatening Crisis. (PubMed, Cureus) - "His antipsychotic regimen was intensified, including haloperidol, olanzapine, and promethazine...Immediate cessation of neuroleptics, aggressive supportive care, and treatment with bromocriptine, dantrolene, and benzodiazepines led to clinical improvement...Internists should be aware of extrapyramidal syndromes, particularly when evaluating patients on chronic antipsychotic therapy. A multidisciplinary approach, including neurologists, psychiatrists, and rehabilitation specialists, is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and reducing long-term disability."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • CNS Disorders • Depression • Dystonia • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Nephrology • Psychiatry • Renal Disease

Evaluation of Compliance with IV Promethazine Formulary Use Criteria in an Institutional Setting (ASHP 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Compliance

Breaking the Pain Cycle: Hydroflotation With Promethazine and Dexamethasone for Post-laparoscopic Shoulder Pain. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The hydroflotation technique shows promise as a novel intervention for reducing PLSP following MIS. By addressing a significant postoperative complication, this technique has the potential to enhance recovery outcomes and patient satisfaction. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings and assess the broader applicability of this method."

Journal • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain

A case series of hyperthermia crisis in cough mixture ingestion: Why early cooling save lives. (PubMed, Toxicol Rep) - "Promethazine and ephedrine were detected in all patients...Early recognition and aggressive cooling are critical to reduce mortality. Such cough mixtures should be restricted from being sold as over-the-counter medications."

Journal • Cough • Respiratory Diseases

High-Throughput Screening Using the Self-Controlled Tree-Based Scan Statistic to Identify Medications Associated With Hospitalization for Severe Acute Liver Injury. (PubMed, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf) - "High-throughput screening using tree-based scan statistics detected potentially hepatotoxic drugs for investigation in future pharmacoepidemiology studies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Pain

Peripheral IV Catheter-Associated Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Patient with Psychiatric Illness: A Case Report and Literature Review. (PubMed, Int Med Case Rep J) - "We report a 44-year-old man with bipolar affective disorder on haloperidol, promethazine, and carbamazepine...The patient was initially started on low molecular weight heparin, later transitioned to apixaban...Antipsychotics, such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine, may further elevate thrombosis risk. Clinicians must maintain vigilance for UEDVT in patients with unilateral arm swelling post-cannulation, recognizing that prompt ultrasound evaluation and guideline-based anticoagulation are essential to prevent complications."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Mental Retardation • Pain • Psychiatry • Thrombosis • Venous Thromboembolism • Venous Ulcer

Multicenter, Single-Arm Exploratory Phase I Clinical Study (Assessment of Safety and Efficacy) of Fully Human BAFF-R Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Injection in Relapsed/Refractory BAFF-R-Positive B-Cell Lymphoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=20 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China

New P1/2 trial • B Cell Lymphoma • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Marginal Zone Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology

Integrating explainable artificial intelligence with multiomics systems biology and electronic health record data mining for personalized drug repurposing in Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed, Brief Bioinform) - "Notably, in a large US de-identified insurance-claims database (n = 364 733), exposure to promethazine, one of the candidate drugs, was associated with a 57%-62% lower incidence of AD versus an active antihistamine comparator (adjusted hazard ratio 0.38; inverse-probability weighted 0.43; both P < .001), providing real-world support for its repurposing potential. In summary, PRISM-ML, as an explainable multiomics analysis pipeline, is readily transferable to other complex diseases, advancing precision medicine."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders

Promethazine Effects on Motion Sickness During Altered Gravity Induced by Parabolic Flight. (PubMed, Aerosp Med Hum Perform) - "Promethazine was effective at mitigating motion sickness symptoms in both 0 g and partial g. Microgravity conditions (0 g) may be more provocative than partial gravity, possibly due to the greater magnitude of sensory conflict. Further research should continue to investigate motion sickness as a function of hypogravity level. Abbott R, Weinrich MM, Keller NW, Wright TJ, Dunbar BJ, Denise P, Kennedy DM, Diaz-Artiles A. Promethazine effects on motion sickness during altered gravity induced by parabolic flight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(11):976-984."

Clinical • Journal

Mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics study of polycystic ovary syndrome. (PubMed, J Ovarian Res) - "This study demonstrates distinct alterations in lipid and amino acid metabolism in PCOS and highlights the accumulation of exogenous molecules, including endocrine disruptors, in patient serum. By integrating metabolomic profiling with clinical phenotyping, our findings provide novel insights into PCOS pathophysiology and suggest potential serum biomarkers that may support early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic approaches."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Synthesis of β-Cyclodextrin-Calix[4]arene Polymer-Based Chiral Stationary Phase for Chromatographic Separation of Enantiomers. (PubMed, Chirality) - "Compared with the home-made β-cyclodextrin-based chiral column, the prepared β-cyclodextrin-calix[4]arene polymer-based chiral column showed superior enantioseparation performance toward 1-phenylethanol, prothioconazole, promethazine, propranolol, and bisoprolol. These chiral compounds can be separated within 10 min under reversed-phase mode with resolutions ranging from 1.62 to 1.80. These findings will provide an important reference for developing novel supramolecule-based chiral stationary phases."

Journal

Determination of Retention Behavior and pK a Values of Some Phenothiazines with Green Chemistry Approach. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "Accordingly, for promethazine, promazine, and trimeprazine, the values were calculated as 9.821, 10.407, and 10.110 at 25 °C and 9.787, 9,836, and 10.027 at 37 °C, respectively. The Green Solvent Selection Tool, the Analytical Greenness Metric Approach, the Green Analytical Procedure Index, and the Blue Applicability Grade Index were applied to assess the environmental impacts of both the green and conventional RPLC methods developed in the study."

Journal

Comparative Analysis of Medication Use and Healthcare Utilization in Gastroparesis and Functional Dyspepsia: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study (ACG 2025) - "We identified 7,329 patients with GP (mean age 47.1±17.6 years; 72.7% female) and 3,950 with FD (mean age 44.7±20.3 years; 69.2% female). After 1:1 matching, 3,420 patients per group were followed for 5 years. GP patients had significantly higher use of metoclopramide (RR 3.4, 95% CI 3.02–3.84, P-value< .0001), erythromycin (RR 2.7, 95% CI 2.24–2.92, P-value< .0001), and antiemetics including ondansetron, promethazine, prochlorperazine, and diphenhydramine (all P-value< .0001)."

HEOR • Dyspepsia • Gastrointestinal Disorder

The Nausea Atlas: Identifying and Characterizing Nausea Subtypes Using Patient-Reported Information (ACG 2025) - "Ondansetron was the most effective anti-nausea medication, followed by promethazine, lorazepam, prochlorperazine, and domperidone. Marijuana was the most effective non-medication treatment, outperforming dronabinol... 745 participants (77% Female; 19% Male), reporting 1200 distinct nausea types/experiences were evaluated. The most represented age range was 31–40 years. 22% of respondents reported their nausea as severely or completely debilitating."

Clinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Dystonia in a Dose: Recognizing a Class Effect in Susceptible Patients (ACG 2025) - "This case report describes a young patient who has extrapyramidal side effects to multiple anti-emetics (metoclopramide, promethazine, and prochlorperazine), all of which triggered dystonic reactions, rendering only trimethobenzamide and ondansetron as viable treatment options.Case Description/ A 32-year-old male was admitted to hospital with viral gastroenteritis due to coronavirus infection...The healthcare team promptly responded, and given characteristic dystonic presentation, prior history of dystonia with other medications, and temporal relation with metoclopramide administration, the reaction was identified as a medication-induced extrapyramidal side effect and diphenhydramine was administered...This case emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to be vigilant and proactive when choosing antiemetic agents, particularly for patients with a history of extrapyramidal symptoms. Further research into strategies to prevent medication-related adverse effects,..."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Retrospective Analysis of Anti-Emetics Used for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome to Assess Efficacy of Abortive Medications (ACG 2025) - "Of 2,812 patient encounters, the mean age was approximately 31 years, with 56% male and 44% female patients. Ondansetron was the most commonly administered anti-emetic (60.8%), followed by promethazine (38.7%), lorazepam (12.8%), haloperidol (11.2%), olanzapine (9.1%), and topical capsaicin (7.9%). Tricyclic antidepressants were used in only 1.1% of encounters."

Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Depression • Diabetes • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Major Depressive Disorder • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Rare Diseases • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Lymphoethelial Cyst of the Pancreas: A Case Study (ACG 2025) - "Trials of antiemetics (ondansetron, promethazine, scopolamine) failed to relieve symptoms. This case reinforces the importance of recognizing LECs in the differential diagnosis to avoid overtreatment. Increased awareness and appropriate use of EUS-FNA can prevent unnecessary surgery while ensuring accurate diagnosis."

Case study • Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • CNS Tumor • Depression • Gastroenterology • Hypertension • Pancreatic Cancer • Psychiatry

Repurposed Drugs and Efflux Pump Inhibitors Against Gram-Negative Urinary Tract Pathogenic Bacteria. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of thioridazine (TZ), promethazine (PMZ), fluoxetine (Fx), sertraline (Sr), phenylalanine arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), and the glutamine uptake inhibitor V9302 were determined at pH 5-8... TZ reduced biofilm formation in sensitive K. pneumoniae at all pH levels and enhanced ciprofloxacin (CIP) activity, whereas PMZ showed a weaker effect, limited mainly to neutral pH...V9302 was a potent biofilm inhibitor in K. pneumoniae and resistant E. coli and interfered with efflux activity, showing strong effects in acidic environments. Repurposed drugs and EPIs may be useful as antibiotic adjuvants or biofilm inhibitors in treating resistant UTIs."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia