dexmedetomidine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Ultrasound-Guided Infraclvicular Block Using Dexmedetomidine Versus Nalbuphine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Upper Limb Orthopedic Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=66 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Assiut University

New P1 trial • Anesthesia • Orthopedics

Real-world Pharmacovigilance Study of Drug-induced Diabetes Insipidus from the FAERS Database. (PubMed, Endocr Connect) - "Lithium (n = 114, Information Component at the 95% lower credibility interval [IC025] = 6.12) and dexmedetomidine (n = 105, IC025 = 6.79) were identified as the most frequently reported drugs and showed the strongest association with DI. Several drugs, such as aripiprazole, letrozole, tigecycline, and dapagliflozin, were found to have unexpected potential associations with DI. This study provides a comprehensive overview of drug-induced DI based on real-world data. It highlights the importance of monitoring patients for DI when using certain medications, particularly high-risk nervous system drugs and antineoplastic agents."

Adverse events • Journal • Real-world evidence • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology

Intraoperative dexmedetomidine use associated with prolonged postanesthesia care unit recovery time after lung resection: a retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "The predictive nomogram demonstrated moderate discrimination and estimated a 70% probability of delayed PACU recovery in patients presenting with all identified risk factors. Our data demonstrated that intraoperative dexmedetomidine use was associated with prolonged PACU recovery time following lung resection, potentially increasing the pressure on busy recovery rooms."

Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular

Dexmedetomidine modulates gut microbiota and improves long-term survival in sepsis patients with pre-existing malignancies: a propensity-matched analysis. (PubMed, Front Microbiol) - "Dexmedetomidine sedation is associated with a significant 5-year survival benefit in mechanically ventilated sepsis patients, particularly among those with malignancies or factors predisposing to gut dysbiosis. The observed modulation of the gut microbiome toward a more symbiotic state provides a plausible mechanistic insight into these clinical findings, highlighting a potential role for microbiota-centric strategies in critical care."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Septic Shock

Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine-Fentanyl Combination Versus Fentanyl Alone as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Above Knee Amputation in Sarcomas of Lower Extremity (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=58 | Recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute, Egypt

New trial • Anesthesia • Oncology • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor

Is there a glymphatic pathway to environmental risk in neurodevelopmental disorders? (PubMed, Neurotoxicol Teratol) - "Translational opportunities span sleep optimization and GS-targeted strategies (e.g., enhancing CSF transport); among pharmacologic candidates, the α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine shows sedative-anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective signals warranting investigation. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence and delineates priorities to test the exposome-glymphatic-neurodevelopment axis."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Sleep Disorder

Comparing Intramuscular Fentanyl and Ketorolac With Nerve of Arnold (NOA) Block for Bilateral Myringotomy (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=300 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: University of South Alabama

Head-to-Head • New P4 trial • Pain • Pediatrics

Dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to local anesthetics for impacted third molar surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, J Dent Anesth Pain Med) - "The random-effects model demonstrated statistically significant reductions in anesthetic onset time (mean difference [MD] = -0.96 min; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.52 to -0.39; P = 0.0009), systolic blood pressure (MD = -3.58 mmHg; 95% CI: -6.58 to -0.58; P = 0.020), and pain at 6 and 12 h postoperatively (MD = -2.32, 95% CI: -2.85 to -1.78; P = 0.0001) in the local anesthesia + DEX group compared with local anesthesia alone. The findings indicated that incorporating DEX into local anesthesia for impacted third molar surgery resulted in statistically significant improvements in the onset of anesthetic effects and postoperative pain scores."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Anesthesia • Pain

Effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative mental health in cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Int J Surg) - "Intraoperative dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the incidence of depression, delirium, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and pain and improved quality of life in adult cardiac surgery patients at postoperative 7 days. But dexmedetomidine did not reduce depression, anxiety, pain and sleep disturbance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at postoperative 30 days."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Pain • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Effect of preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine versus placebo on intraoperative shivering in parturients undergoing cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - P=N/A | "Preoperative intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine effectively prevents intraoperative shivering in parturients undergoing cesarean section. https://www.chictr.org.cn identifier: ChiCTR2400079811."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension

Post-Operative Delirium in Elderly Patients: A Narrative Review. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Dexmedetomidine displayed promising therapeutic potential for the efficient prevention or treatment of hyperactive post-operative delirium. The management of hypoactive post-operative delirium still requires further investigations, particularly in elderly patients."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Geriatric Disorders • Inflammation

Clinical outcomes of monitored anesthesia care vs. general anesthesia in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a single-center retrospective study. (PubMed, Front Cardiovasc Med) - "MAC involved administration of a combination of local anesthesia with dexmedetomidine/remifentanil sedation, whereas GA involved endotracheal intubation. The use of MAC for TAVI is comparably safe to using GA, with potential advantages in recovery speed and resource utilization. A heart team approach, including cardiac anesthesiologists, is critical for optimal patient selection."

Clinical data • Journal • Retrospective data • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Hypotension

Effects of Esketamine-Dexmedetomidine Combination on Immediate Postprocedural Oxygenation Index in Severe Pneumonia Patients Undergoing Bedside Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic Sputum Aspiration: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther) - "Compared with conventional sedation protocols, the ESK-DEX combined regimen demonstrated superior OI preservation immediately after procedure, enhanced OI within 24 hours postoperatively, improved hemodynamic stability, and enhanced safety profile in severe pneumonia patients undergoing bedside FOB-guided suction therapy. This pharmacodynamic synergy addresses critical gaps in FOB sedation-simultaneously preventing hypoxemia, maintaining respiratory drive, and minimizing adverse events."

Clinical • Journal • Anesthesia • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Sedation and analgesia strategies in the neuro intensive care unit. (PubMed, World J Crit Care Med) - "This comprehensive review aims to provide a structured overview of the pertinent sedatives commonly used in neuro ICUs, their risks and benefits, and how providers can best utilize each in practice to further improve patient outcomes. The novel contribution of this work provides comparative drug tables, dosing guidance for pediatric and very elderly (> 85-years-old) populations, and an exploration into the future possibilities of utilizing artificial intelligence and the human gut microbiome to further enhance the prospects of precision medicine."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • Critical care • Pain • Pediatrics

BPSS-DEX: Superficial Cervical Plexus Block With Dexmedetomidine Versus Without Adjuvant in Thyroid Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=58 | Completed | Sponsor: Udayana University

New trial • Endocrine Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

How are cognitive functions affected by different sedation methods in geriatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography patients? (PubMed, BMC Anesthesiol) - No abstract available

Journal • Anesthesia • Cognitive Disorders

Management of a difficult airway for multispace infection of the floor of the mouth: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This is the first reported case of diabetic ketoacidosis with severe trismus and multispace infection managed by ATI using an epidural catheter fixed to a channel-less fiberoptic bronchoscope for sequential topical anesthesia. The technique offers an alternative when standard devices are impossible or contraindicated."

Journal • Anesthesia • Diabetes • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Association Between Prior Substance Use and Sedation and Analgesia Requirements Among Mechanically Ventilated Adults With Critical Illness. (PubMed, Ann Pharmacother) - "Results of unadjusted analyses aligned with prior studies reporting increased dose requirements of sedation and analgesia in patients with SUD; however, associations were diminished after adjustment for clinical and demographic covariables. Our results suggest the presence of SUD alone may not necessitate empirically higher medication doses in patients with SUD receiving IMV during critical illness."

Journal • Anesthesia • Critical care • Pain

Assessment of the Treatment for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome With and Without Dexmedetomidine: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, J Clin Med Res) - "Secondary outcomes assessed were lorazepam equivalent usage, and readmission within 30, 60 and 90 days, which were not statistically significant when accounting for ICU LOS. Among patients treated for AWS, dexmedetomidine use appeared to be associated with longer hospital and ICU stays, while benzodiazepine requirements remained unchanged. These associations may reflect differences in illness severity, emphasizing the need for future prospective evaluation."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Epilepsy

Remimazolam combined with propofol for intraoperative wake-up testing in scoliosis correction surgery: a prospective, blind, randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - P=N/A | "In this randomized trial, 54 scoliosis surgery patients were assigned to receive either propofol alone (Group P), propofol with dexmedetomidine (Group D), or propofol with remimazolam (Group R). This suggests it as a promising sedative option for spinal deformity surgeries. https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=203900 as ChiCTR2300076802."

Clinical • Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders

Anesthetic management for resection of a massive tracheal tumor via combined electronic bronchoscopy and rigid endoscopy: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This case illustrates the importance of a staged anesthetic approach in complex airway management, particularly in the context of airway obstruction due to tracheal tumors. Effective anesthesia management facilitated successful tumor removal, highlighting the critical role of comprehensive patient assessment and tailored interventions in improving respiratory function and outcomes."

Journal • Anesthesia • Oncology • Pulmonary Disease

Effect of intratracheal dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine at various times prior to tracheal intubation in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: a randomized clinical trial. (PubMed, Eur J Med Res) - P=N/A | "Immediate endotracheal intubation following topical airway anesthesia, as a convenient approach, induces transient hemodynamic instability during the procedure but does not increase the incidence of sore throat and hoarseness 24 h postoperatively."

Clinical • Intubation • Journal • Anesthesia • Cough • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Respiratory Diseases

Effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine on acute kidney injury after partial nephrectomy. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2025; 135: 1212-22. (PubMed, Br J Anaesth) - No abstract available

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Perioperative Multimodal General Anesthesia Focusing on Specific Central Nervous System Targets Does Not Reduce Postoperative Interleukin-6 and Neurofilament Light Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (PubMed, J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth) - "MMGA did not reduce postoperative IL-6 or NFL levels, nor did it improve neurocognitive outcomes, compared with standard of care. The higher burst suppression in the MMGA group underscores the need for structured EEG education among cardiac anesthesiologists. Future studies should explore other EEG metrics and multimodal strategies for perioperative brain protection."

Journal • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Pain • IL6 • NEFL

Effects of taVNS Combined With Dexmedetomidine on POVN (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=176 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University

New trial