adefovir dipivoxil / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

On the Verge of the 3000th Publication: Reflections on Deceptions, Successes and Perspectives. (PubMed, Molecules) - "A lifelong career devoted to the development of specific antiviral agents eventually yielded, besides (almost) 3000 publications, about ten antiviral compounds that were approved and marketed as antiviral drugs, i.e., DHPA (Duviragel®), BVDU (Zostex®, Mevir®, Brivir®…), VACV (Zelitrex®, Valtrex®), d4T (Stavudine®), emivirine (Coactinon®), rilpivirine (Edurant®), HPMPC (Vistide®), PMEA (Hepsera®), tenofovir (Viread®) and AMD-3100 (Mozobil®), with the latter as a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. The targeted viruses for these compounds were herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). For other viruses, such as filo-, rhabdo-, arena-, myxo-, polyoma- and papillomaviruses, strategies have been elaborated that should facilitate future developments of antiviral drugs."

Journal • Review • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Hepatitis B • Herpes Simplex • Herpes Zoster • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Oncology • Varicella Zoster

Altered renal disposition of adefovir in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis using the fast-food diet and thioacetamide-induced model to extrapolate renal secretion. (PubMed, Drug Metab Dispos) - "SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: As metabolic liver disease and chronic hepatitis B increasingly coexist, understanding how metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis alters drug handling is critical for patient safety. The study findings demonstrate that metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis significantly impairs renal transporter-mediated elimination of adefovir, highlighting the need to consider altered kidney drug disposition and potential dose adjustments in this growing patient population."

Journal • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease • ABCC4

Real-world identification of high-risk medications for drug-induced osteoporosis: a multi-method pharmacovigilance study based on FAERS with WHO Vigibase validation. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) - "Onset time analysis revealed distinct temporal patterns among the five drugs: Tenofovir Disoproxil and Medroxyprogesterone had the highest cumulative risk and the broadest time distribution, whereas Adefovir and Anastrozole were mainly associated with early-onset events. This comprehensive pharmacovigilance study identifies key medications associated with elevated osteoporosis risk and reveals marked differences in onset time patterns. These findings provide robust evidence to support targeted monitoring and inform individualized preventive strategies in clinical practice."

Adverse events • Journal • Real-world evidence • Oncology • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

TAF monotherapy resulted in (extremely) low viremia with prolonged liver fibrosis in CHB patients, who switched to TMF for salvage treatment: A multicenter, randomized controlled, prospective study (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=250 | Recruiting | Sponsor: West China Hospital, Sichuan University; West China Hospital, Sichuan University

Monotherapy • New trial • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Cirrhosis

Clinical study evaluating the impact of XY03-EA tablets on the human pharmacokinetics of the transporter OAT1 substrate adefovir dipivoxil in participants of a health research study (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=14 | Sponsor: Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital; Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital

New trial • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Chronic Hepatitis B in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in Türkiye: A 23-Year Observational Study. (PubMed, J Med Virol) - "Patients who received treatment were classified into the following groups: interferon monotherapy; interferon plus lamivudine combination therapy; lamivudine; adefovir; tenofovir disoproxil fumarat; and entecavir...In our study, cirrhosis developed in 4 patients (1.2%) and hepatocellular cancer in 1 patient (0.3%). In our study, a significant proportion of treatment-naïve children exhibited moderate-to-severe liver fibrosis, highlighting the need for close monitoring and timely interventions; although current therapies achieve high response rates, more effective curative treatments are needed to prevent disease progression in pediatric hepatitis B."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatocellular Cancer • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Cancer • Liver Cirrhosis • Oncology • Pediatrics • Solid Tumor

Overcoming Immunotolerance in Chronic Hepatitis B: Efficacy of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Based Immunotherapy in Achieving Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance. (PubMed, MedComm (2020)) - "CHB patients were treated with either standard nucleotide analog (NA) therapy (Adefovir Dipivoxil, ADV) (Cohort 1) or ADV combined with interferon-alpha (IFN-α) (Cohort 2)...THRIL-GM-Vac treatment in Cohort 3 resulted in 8.7% HBsAg clearance alongside Treg depletion and enhanced anti-viral T cell responses. These findings present a promising strategy to overcome immunotolerance and potentially combat chronic HBV infection."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • CSF2 • IFNA1

A randomized, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial of pradefovir mesylate versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. (PubMed, Hepatology) - "Pradefovir should be a highly recommended treatment option for adult patients with CHB."

Clinical • Head-to-Head • Journal • P3 data • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Impact of renal hypoxia on OAT1 expression and adefovir-induced cytotoxicity in human 3D-RPTEC spheroids. (PubMed, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol) - "The hypoxia-induced OAT1 reduction diminished cellular accumulation of the OAT1 substrate adefovir and consequently mitigated its cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings clarify the molecular basis by which renal hypoxia alters drug transporter expression, emphasizing the importance of renal oxygen status in determining drug efficacy and toxicity in CKD patients."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Adefovir dipivoxil-induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and osteoporosis: a case report and literature review. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) - "Postmenopausal osteoporosis was therefore suspected, and anti-osteoporotic pharmacotherapy was initiated after correction of osteomalacia. This case suggests that BMD can improve substantially after removal of the causative factor in drug-induced osteomalacia; however, if patients have underlying risk factors for osteoporosis, low BMD may persist even after osteomalacia resolution, necessitating further evaluation and intervention."

Journal • Review • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Osteoporosis • Pain • Rheumatology

Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia Caused by Adefovir-Induced Fanconi Syndrome. (PubMed, Nucl Med Mol Imaging) - No abstract available

Journal • Nephrology

Fanconi syndrome induced by zoledronic acid: Two case reports. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "These cases highlight the importance of early recognition and close monitoring of renal tubular function in patients receiving ZA. Screening for FS, including urinalysis, blood gas analysis, and serum electrolytes, should be considered within the first month of therapy and repeated regularly thereafter. Clinicians should maintain high vigilance for FS, especially when ZA is used concurrently with other nephrotoxic agents such as adefovir."

Journal • Genito-urinary Cancer • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Renal Disease • Solid Tumor

Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia Induced by Low-Dose Adefovir-Related Fanconi Syndrome. (PubMed, J Med Cases) - "Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), an antiviral agent for chronic hepatitis B virus infection, has been associated with nephrotoxicity, particularly Fanconi syndrome, even at low doses (10 mg/day). After switching from ADV to entecavir and initiating supplementation with calcitriol and phosphate, the patient's symptoms and laboratory abnormalities improved significantly. Careful monitoring of serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and renal function is essential for early recognition and timely intervention in these potentially reversible adverse drug reactions."

Journal • Diabetes • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Oncology • Orthopedics • Pain • Renal Disease

Three-dimensional-cultured renal tubular model reveals FXR-HNF4α-OAT1/3 axis as a target for preventing nucleotide analog-induced kidney injury. (PubMed, Drug Metab Dispos) - "Treatment with FXR ligands reduced cellular uptake of OAT1/3 substrates (eg, tenofovir and adefovir) and decreased their cytotoxic effects in 3D-RPTEC...SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study shows that farnesoid X receptor agonists suppress hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α-mediated OAT1/3 activity in 3-dimensional-cultured renal proximal tubular cells and reduce nucleotide analog-induced toxicity. These findings provide mechanistic insight into transporter regulation and suggest a potential strategy to prevent nephrotoxicity."

Journal • Renal Disease

Adefovir dipivoxil-induced Fanconi syndrome associated with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia misdiagnosed as cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A case report and literature review. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "Fanconi syndrome with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by low-dose adefovir dipivoxil (10 mg/d) is extremely rare. The condition may present with pain, muscle weakness, or numbness, and its nonspecific manifestations can easily lead to a misdiagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. For patients receiving long-term ADV therapy who develop such symptoms, especially in the presence of cervical disc herniation with spinal cord compression, clinicians should carefully evaluate laboratory findings and physical examination results to exclude the possibility of ADV-induced Fanconi syndrome."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Pain • Rare Diseases • Renal Disease

Different nucleos(t)ide analogs in resected hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Compared with the control group, antiviral therapies using telbivudine (HR [95% CrI] = 0.23 [0.12,0.44]), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (HR [95% CrI] = 0.40 [0.30,0.52]), lamivudine (HR [95% CrI] = 0.50 [0.34, 0.75]), adefovir (HR [95% CrI] = 0.55 [0.38,0.79]), and entecavir (HR [95% CrI] = 0.55 [0.43,0.71]) significantly improved OS...When compared to other nucleos(t)ide analogs, telbivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exhibited the most notable effects. Identifier CRD42024612794."

Journal • Review • Hepatitis B • Hepatocellular Cancer • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor

High Burden of Hepatitis B Virus and Occult Infection Among HIV-Positive Adults and Pregnant Women in Southwest Cameroon. (PubMed, Pathogens) - "Immune escape mutations and the adefovir resistance mutation rtA181V were detected. Self-reported alcohol use was associated with HBV exposure in HIV patients (aOR = 2.08; p = 0.028) and inversely associated with tertiary education in pregnant women (aOR = 0.18; p = 0.038). This study highlights a significant burden of HBV and OBI among vulnerable populations in Cameroon."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Synergistic Activity of Adefovir Dipivoxil and Venetoclax to Target the Bioenergetic Metabolism of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (ASH 2023) - "In summary, ADV has in vivo anti-leukemic activity in AML likely by interfering with the bioenergetic metabolism of leukemic cells and decreasing their apoptotic threshold. The combination of ADV and VEN is seemingly synergistic and prolonged survival of murine and human AML models, providing a rationale of translating this "all oral" regimen to the clinic for treatment of AML patients, especially those requiring low intensity therapy."

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Oncology • CD34 • CPT1A • FLT3 • MCL1 • MYC • PTPRC

Drug-induced osteoporosis/osteopenia: a pharmacovigilance analysis using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. (PubMed, Clin Exp Rheumatol) - "This FAERS-based study identified multiple drug classes associated with OP/OPN-related adverse event signals, with anti-viral drugs - particularly tenofovir disoproxil and its combination therapies - exhibiting the strongest signal. Although glucocorticoids had a lower reporting proportion, their short onset time underscores the need for vigilance. These findings provide real-world evidence for drug safety management and highlight the necessity of bone health monitoring in long-term medication users. Future studies should integrate clinical data to validate these findings and explore underlying mechanisms."

Adverse events • Journal • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Entecavir-Associated Fanconi Syndrome in a Liver Transplant Recipient (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "While nucleos(t)ide analogs such as adefovir and tenofovir are well-established culprits, especially in HIV or HBV populations, Entecavir is rarely implicated...Case Description A 60-year-old male with HBV-related cirrhosis status-post liver transplantation, chronic antibody-mediated rejection (on Tacrolimus and Prednisone), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (baseline Creatinine (Cr) 1.4–1.6 mg/dL) presented with recurrent falls and altered mental status. Notable medications included Entecavir started 5 years prior , Voriconazole (for phaeohyphomycosis), and Atovaquone/Sulfadiazine (for disseminated toxoplasmosis)...Discussion Occurrence of hallmark features—including phosphaturia, uricosuria, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis—suggests a potential class effect of nucleos(t)ide analogs in susceptible individuals. Thus, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for Fanconi syndrome in patients receiving long-term nucleos(t)ide analog..."

Clinical • Antibody-mediated Rejection • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Transplantation • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Monkeypox Virus Is Inhibited by Nucleoside Analogues Including the Acyclic Phosphonates Adefovir and Tenofovir In Vitro. (PubMed, J Med Virol) - "We developed in vitro screening assays using recombinant strains of vaccinia virus and MPXV to measure the antiviral potency of compounds, finding that adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir alafenamide had potent anti-orthopoxvirus activity and low toxicity. These data reinforce interest in repurposing nucleoside analogues as antivirals to treat poxvirus infections and provide a basis for high throughput screening and mechanistic and antiviral resistance studies."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

A RARE CASE OF GUILLAN-BARRE SYNDROME RESULTING FROM HEPATITIS B FLARE IN A CHRONIC CARRIER (UEGW 2025) - "Clinical Case Summary: Our patient was a 66yr Chinese man who was treated for active Chronic Hepatitis B from 2009 with Lamivudine, Adefovir and then switched to Tenofovir from 2020 with long term undetectable Hepatitis B viral load (HBV VL) and normal Liver function tests...Nerve Conduction study (NCS) reported acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.EMG was unremarkable.A probable diagnosis of GBS was made.His ALT was down to 304 and HBV VL 3.82 log.NCS repeated 2 months later and showed similar inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.NCS repeated 4 months later showed significant improvement which confirmed a diagnosis of GBS1 year from his first presentation, he recovered fully.Only 7 cases of Hepatitis B related GBS have been reported in the literature. Our case highlights GBS resulting from Hepatitis B flare"

Clinical • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

EXPOSURE TO TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE AND TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE AND THE RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (AASLD 2025) - "Many, though not all, studies have suggested that tenofovir-based therapies are more effective than entecavir in reducing HCC risk...These included Studies 102 and 103, in which patients were randomized (2:1) to TDF vs adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) for 48 weeks, followed by open-label TDF (up to 8 years' total treatment [384 weeks]), and Studies 108 and 110, in which patients were randomized (2:1) to TAF vs TDF for up to 144 weeks, followed by open-label TAF (up to 8 years' total treatment)... Long-term TAF treatment was associated with a greater reduction in HCC risk than TDF treatment. Differences in study design, population, and timing should be considered, and real-world data may help to confirm these findings."

Fibrosis • Hepatitis B • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Human Embryoid Body-Based Assays for Preclinical Screening of Potential Teratogenic Drugs: Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis B Virus as Examples. (PubMed, Stem Cells Dev) - "Animal tests are not always reliable for accurately identifying human teratogens, as evidenced by the infamous thalidomide case...Additionally, we subjected our hEB systems to Cmax doses of four nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (adefovir dipivoxil [ADV], entecavir [ETV], lamivudine [LAM], and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]), which are used for anti-hepatitis B virus treatment and belong to different pregnancy-related risk categories...TDF and ADV appear to be safer options during the very early stages of embryonic development compared with LAM and ETV. Our findings indicate that EB transcriptomics-based analyses can accurately identify potent teratogens and aid in assessing the potential risk of commonly prescribed drugs during pregnancy."

Journal • Preclinical • Hepatitis B • Infectious Disease • Inflammation

Investigation of hepatitis B virus mutations associated with immune escape and drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. (PubMed, F1000Res) - "Mutations causing resistance to lamivudine and telbivudine were M204V, L180M, V163I, and S202K; with S202K also causing resistance to entecavir and adefovir resistance mutation were I253Y, I223V and M250I...Although there is no statistical significance amongst the mutations associated with drug resistance and vaccine escape. These mutations could have clinical implications that could have therapeutic repercussions by influencing the correct clinical diagnosis and treatment in HBV/ HIV co-infected individuals."

Journal • Hepatitis B • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor