temazepam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Benzodiazepines use in primary care England: Prescribing patterns and adverse consequences. (PubMed, Br J Clin Pharmacol) - "Benzodiazepine prescribing in England continues to decline, reflecting successful deprescribing policies. However, increasing specialist use, persistent inequities, and drug-specific safety and cost concerns highlight the need for cautious prescribing, enhanced pharmacovigilance and equitable access."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

A novel LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, deutivacaftor, elexacaftor, ivacaftor, and metabolites in plasma matrix (NACFC 2026) - " Internal standard (temazepam, 0.01 ng/mL) was added to 0.2 mL plasma samples, which were extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether. A rapid, sensitive, and robust UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of CFTR modulators and their active metabolites in human plasma. The method offers advantages, including low sample volume, short analytical run time, and improved sensitivity compared to previously published methods. This assay is well-suited for therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical settings as well as pharmacokinetic and research applications."

Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases • CFTR

LC-MS/MS analysis of benzodiazepine residues in the wastewater of metropolitan areas in the Southeastern U.S. | Poster Board #1122 (ACS-Fall 2026) - "Using UHPLC coupled to QqQ Mass Spectrometry, 4 residues (alprazolam, α-OH-alprazolam, Nordiazepam, and Temazepam) were detected and quantified in the range from .0013ng/mL – .1 ng/mL. Based on average dosages of each drug, alprazolam is the most prominent prescription drug in all cases. This paper details the first regional sewage-based epidemiological study of benzodiazepine usage trends in the Southeastern U.S."

CNS Disorders

Review of paediatric pharmacological and non-pharmacological procedural comfort strategies. (PubMed, BMJ Paediatr Open) - "If a sedative is needed, the choice is made after a discussion between the medical team and the patient (if appropriate) and their family or carers.Pharmacological strategies include local anaesthetic cream and sedatives, most commonly: benzodiazepines (midazolam and temazepam), α2-adrenoceptor agonists (dexmedetomidine and clonidine) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (ketamine). Factors influencing choice of drug include the formulation, route of administration, existing comorbidities, contraindications and previous experience of the patient.Local policy with regard to fasting should be adhered to and children who have been given sedatives should remain supervised by appropriately trained medical staff with accredited paediatric life support skills and be continuously monitored."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • Mood Disorders • Pain • Pediatrics • Psychiatry

Drug-associated psoriasis: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "These signals involved several pharmacological categories, including anti-infective agents (e.g., Abacavir, Fluconazole, Moxifloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole), anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., Celecoxib, Tofacitinib), cardiovascular agents (e.g., Acebutolol, Telmisartan, Clonidine), neuropsychiatric drugs (e.g., Nortriptyline, Temazepam, Zopiclone, Wellbutrin), hormonal agents (e.g., Progesterone, Prometrium), and respiratory medications (e.g., Ventolin). Our findings suggest that multiple drug classes are associated with psoriasis signals in pharmacovigilance data. These results highlight the importance of early recognition of drug-associated psoriasis and may assist clinicians in medication review and risk stratification in routine practice."

Adverse events • Journal • Cardiovascular • Dermatology • Immunology • Psoriasis • Psychiatry

Presence of Benzodiazepines in Aquatic Environments: A Systematic Review of the Literature. (PubMed, Drug Saf) - "Global data highlight the need for standardised monitoring frameworks, targeted sources mitigation, and advanced water treatment technologies capable of efficiently removing chemically stable pharmaceutical compounds. Strengthening these approaches is essential to reduce ecological risks, minimise human exposure, and safeguard the long-term integrity of aquatic ecosystems."

Journal • Review

Discovery and quantification of novel diazepam metabolites BP-246 and BP-271 in freshwater fish using HRMS and UPLC-MS/MS. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "A sensitive and validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of diazepam, three established metabolites (nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam), and the two novel compounds in fish tissue. When applied to 10 market-sourced, diazepam-positive fish samples, the method successfully revealed differential metabolite profiles, enabling rapid, high-throughput monitoring of diazepam and transformation products in commercial fish products. These findings provide a basis for comprehensive risk assessment and regulatory control of diazepam residues in the food supply chain."

Journal

VA-ECMO and HIET for toxic cardiogenic shock in an elderly patient following severe poly-intoxication: A case report. (PubMed, Toxicol Rep) - "A 67-year-old woman, with a history of depression, previous suicide attempts and chronic renal failure, overdosed on multiple cardiovascular active agents including metoprolol (β-blocker), nifedipine (calcium channel blocker), nortriptyline (tricyclic antidepressant), venlafaxine (serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor), and temazepam (benzodiazepine) were reported. This case illustrates that VA-ECMO may provide effective temporary circulatory support in severe reversible toxic cardiogenic shock, even in elderly patients with significant comorbidity. However, the substantial burden of long-term morbidity and prolonged recovery should be carefully weighed during multidisciplinary decision-making."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry • Renal Disease

Validation of qualitative and quantitative methods for 40 benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in hair by UPLC-MS/MS. (PubMed, J Pharm Biomed Anal) - "The method was successfully applied to six authentic hair samples, detecting nine substances: Nitrazepam, Temazepam, Lorazepam, 7-Aminoflunitrazepam, Clobazam, Lormetazepam, α-Hydroxyalprazolam, 7-Aminoclonazepam, and Zolpidem. Benzodiazepines concentrations ranged from 5.6 to 436.1 pg mg-1, while zolpidem concentrations ranged from 11.1 to 113.8 pg mg-1. This method provided a reliable tool for detecting benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in hair and addresses the requirements of routine forensic practice."

Journal

3137001: Bioequivalence study comparing two temazepam 20 mg tablet formulations after fasted administration; an open, randomized, single centre, single dose study with crossover design in healthy subjects (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P1 | N=24 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Orion Corporation

New P1 trial • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Sleep Disorder

Benzodiazepine Contamination in Surface Waters: Sources, Quantification and Bioremediation. (PubMed, Environ Toxicol Chem) - "This study focuses on assessing the occurrence and environmental impact of diazepam and its active metabolites oxazepam, temazepam and nordazepam in two Czech rivers, identifying the main sources of pollution, and evaluating the effectiveness of root-zone wastewater treatment plant in removing these contaminants. The findings highlight the limitations of current wastewater treatment technologies in fully eliminating benzodiazepines, which continue to be detected even after treatment, leading to potential long-term ecological consequences. This research calls for the development and implementation of more effective, scalable, and cost-efficient wastewater treatment solutions to reduce pharmaceutical pollution, and for an ongoing monitoring of aquatic environments to protect freshwater resources and safeguard biodiversity."

Journal

Interpreting sleep outcomes in the ICU: Reflections on the DREAM trial. (PubMed, Crit Care Resusc) - No abstract available

Journal

Insomnia: cognitive behavioral therapy better than pills (PubMed, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd) - "In contrast, sleep medications like temazepam or zolpidem should be used cautiously, for no longer than 2-4 weeks. CBT-I leads to more sustainable outcomes and supports patient autonomy. Wider implementation in clinical practice is hindered by limited awareness, access, and reimbursement, despite strong evidence for its effectiveness."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Sleep Disorder

Bioaccumulation and Elimination, and Risk Assessment of Diazepam in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio). (PubMed, Bull Environ Contam Toxicol) - "During the depuration phase, diazepam was predominantly detected compared to other main metabolites including nordazepam, oxazepam and temazepam. Risk assessments revealed that the counsumption of skin muscle posed acceptable risks, whereas the consumption of liver and kidney raised significant concerns. These findings provide a theoretical basis for pollution control, risk assessment, and the scientific management of diazepam in aquaculture."

Journal

The Real-World Safety Profile of Temazepam: A 20-Year Pharmacovigilance Analysis Based on the Large-Scale FAERS Database. (PubMed, CNS Neurosci Ther) - "A comprehensive analysis of the large scale real world FAERS database was performed in this study identifying an extensive spectrum of adverse events associated with temazepam. Our study confirmed established risks and detected potential novel signals including ocular toxicities (e.g., eye irritation, intraocular pressure increased, glaucoma, eye inflammation, and photophobia) as well as neuro behavioral adverse outcomes such as aggression, amnesia and parasomnias (e.g., nightmare and somnambulism). These findings provide compelling support for temazepam clinical monitoring and risk assessment."

Adverse events • Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Glaucoma • Inflammation • Insomnia • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Sleep Disorder

Assessing safety trends of withdrawn medications: A data-driven pharmacovigilance approach using growth models. (PubMed, Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm) - "For comparative safety assessment, 15 commonly used cancer medications (including Tamoxifen, Avastin, Bleomycin, Paclitaxel, Vincristine, Methotrexate, Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Imatinib, Docetaxel, Rituximab, Trastuzumab, Revlimid, Lenalidomide, and Pembrolizumab) were analyzed...The examples presented in this investigation demonstrated that the drugs Benoxaprofen, Rosiglitazone, Temazepam, and Rofecoxib exhibited a robust correspondence with diverse modeling approaches...It also provides a foundation for future research. This research could help support safer clinical decisions and regulatory evaluations for both pharmaceuticals that are no longer on the market and those that are still available."

Adverse events • Journal • Oncology

A pilot, parallel-group, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomiseD, pRagmatic clinical trial investigating the Effect of temazepAM on objective and subjective measures of sleep in critically ill patients (the DREAM trial). (PubMed, Crit Care Resusc) - P4 | "A single dose of temazepam was not observed to improve the duration or quality of nocturnal sleep for patients in the ICU. Retrospectively registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on 11th June 2021 (ACTRN 12621000742875)."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Sleep Disorder • Sleep Wake Cycle Disorder

Comparative effects of hypnotic agents on sleep architecture and respiratory outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Psychiatry Clin Neurosci) - "Our network meta-analysis identified different effects of various hypnotics on sleep architecture and respiratory parameters; however, the lack of data prevented a formal synthesis of subjective outcomes. Therefore, these results should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice."

Journal • Retrospective data • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Pharmacokinetics and Residue Elimination of Diazepam in Zebrafish. (PubMed, J Vet Pharmacol Ther) - "DZP was metabolized to nordiazepam (NDZP), oxazepam (OZP), and temazepam (TZP). The findings are expected to fill a critical data gap concerning the pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of DZP in zebrafish. These findings provide a framework for extending the results to similar rare edible small fish, thereby aiding in food safety assessment and risk management."

Journal • PK/PD data

Evaluating the Safety of Prescription Sleep Medications in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Matched Analysis. (PubMed, J Am Acad Orthop Surg) - "Use of any prescription sleep medication or only standard sleep medications is associated with increased surgical complications. Additional research is needed to find medications that may be safer for routine postoperative use."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Effects of Acacetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam in vivo and in vitro. (PubMed, Iran J Pharm Res) - "The IC50 values for temazepam and nordiazepam in RLMs were 2.065 μM and 5.2 μM, respectively. Acacetin significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of diazepam both in vivo and in vitro, indicating a potential interaction between acacetin and diazepam. Therefore, the concomitant use of acacetin and diazepam in clinical practice should be approached with caution."

Journal • PK/PD data • Preclinical • CYP2C19 • CYP3A4

Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of diazepam and its metabolites in aquaculture environment in the Pearl River Delta region. (PubMed, Mar Pollut Bull) - "The concentrations of DIAZ and its metabolites-nordazepam (NDZ), oxazepam (OXZ), and temazepam (TEM)-were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Environmental risk assessment revealed that NDZ and OXZ presented low ecological risks in both matrices at all sites, whereas DIAZ and TEM posed medium to high risks at certain water sites, with DIAZ also showing medium risks in some sediments. The study provides an integrated evaluation of occurrence, spatial distribution, and ecological risks of DIAZ and its metabolites in aquaculture systems, offering critical evidence to support food safety measures and strategies for pharmaceutical pollution control in the Pearl River Delta."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Assessing the Use of Temazepam in the Elderly (ASHP 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical

Construction and Comparison of UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-MS/MS Methods for the Detection of Diazepam Residues in Complex Aquatic Matrices. (PubMed, Foods) - "A standardized pretreatment protocol was established for simultaneous determination of diazepam and its metabolites-nordazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam-in aquatic products using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recoveries ranged from 73.8% to 117.9% (p > 0.05). The dual-platform detection system developed herein demonstrates high sensitivity, strong matrix interference resistance, and excellent reproducibility, enabling accurate trace quantification of diazepam and its metabolites in heterogeneous aquatic samples."

Journal

National prescribing trends for anti-depressants, anxiolytics and hypnotics 2010 to 2023 in England : analysis and findings (ECNP 2025) - "Greatest increases were in sertraline prescriptions 2.9 million in 2010 by 685% to 23.0 million in 2023; Duloxetine prescription increased 545% to 3.9 million prescriptions; and mirtazapine by 269% to 12.4 million prescriptions. Paroxetine prescriptions fell by 20% to 1.3 million...The largest falls in cost were 91% for escitalopram (£19.30(€22.58) to £1.66(€1.94) per prescription) and 86% for duloxetine £28.00(€32.76) to £3.79(€4.43) per prescription. Dosulepin increased by 437% to £13.31(€15.57) per prescription...Lorazepam, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide all demonstrate reduced use during that period down 23%,16%, and 88% respectively...Zopiclone fell by 14% to 4.5 million, with zolpidem falling by 14% to 630,000 and nitrazepam by 70% to 306,000 prescriptions...The cost of Temazepam (volume reduced by 2023 to 12% of 2010) increased by 496% from £3.58(€4.19) to £21.34(€24.97)/prescripton...Reasons for increased antidepressant use may..."

CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry