Duodopa (levodopa/carbidopa intraduodenal gel infusion) / AbbVie - LARVOL DELTA

Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in an Outpatient Setting: A 10-Year Experience. (PubMed, Mov Disord Clin Pract) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Shaping Outcomes: Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Treatment and Nutrition in Parkinson's Disease-A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "Furthermore, better disease management may result in a lower energy expenditure due to less time with dyskinesia. The limitations of our study include a small study group and limited follow-up."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa: A Review in Advanced Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, CNS Drugs) - "Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa [PRODUODOPA® (EU); VYALEV™ (USA, Canada, Japan)] is a soluble formulation of levodopa and carbidopa prodrugs for 24-h continuous subcutaneous (SC) infusion. However, infusion site events were common, necessitating regular monitoring, cannula replacement, infusion site rotation and aseptic techniques. Although further long-term data are required, foslevodopa/foscarbidopa represents a promising non-surgical alternative to the available device-aided therapies for patients with advanced PD whose motor fluctuations are inadequately controlled by other oral PD medications."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Access to and Use of Device-aided Therapies in Parkinson's Disease in France from 2015 to 2021: The PARK-DAT Study (P11-5.011). (PubMed, Neurology) - "Device-aided therapies (DAT), which include deep brain stimulation (DBS), levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion and continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI), are effective treatment options for advanced PD patients. Mrs. KERBRAT has nothing to disclose."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Response to Letter to the Editors entitled 'Neurotoxicity of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel preparations can cause polyneuropathy in Parkinson's patients'. (PubMed, Neurol Neurochir Pol) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Pain • Parkinson's Disease

Surgical Treatments of Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, Neurol Clin) - "Ablative techniques, deep brain stimulation, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion, and subcutaneous pump systems offer unique advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of surgical therapy should be individualized. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to establish appropriate candidacy and to determine the most appropriate surgical intervention for each patient. Regular follow-up is essential to assess efficacy, manage complications, and to adjust and optimize treatment."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Treatment of Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, Neurol Clin) - "Dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase-B enzyme inhibitors, catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme inhibitors, amantadine, istradefylline, and anticholinergics can be used as adjuncts to levodopa. With disease progression, pharmacologic interventions alone may not suffice to manage motor symptoms, making it necessary to consider device-aided therapies (eg, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion, continuous subcutaneous infusions of apomorphine, levodopa, or foslevodopa) or invasive surgical techniques (eg, deep brain stimulation or MRI-guided high-frequency focused ultrasound)."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

Advanced Parkinson's disease and eligibility for device-aided therapies in Morocco: a multicenter cross-sectional study. (PubMed, Neurodegener Dis Manag) - "This study investigates the prevalence and clinical features of advanced Parkinson's disease (APD) in Moroccan patients and evaluates their eligibility for Device-Aided Therapies (DATs), including Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion (CSAI), and Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel infusion (LCIG). Although many Moroccan patients qualify for DATs, their use is minimal. Addressing access barriers is crucial to improve outcomes."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • REM Sleep Behavior Disorder • Sleep Disorder

Therapeutic innovations for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease: focus on technology-based therapies. (PubMed, J Neural Transm (Vienna)) - "Infusion therapies such as percutaneous (LCIG, LECIG) and subcutaneous options (ND0612, foslevodopa-foscarbidopa, CSAI) demonstrate significant benefits in reducing OFF time and enhancing ON time without troublesome dyskinesias...Neuromodulation approaches such as auricular, vagus nerve, and galvanic vestibular stimulation, as well as whole-body vibration, showed promising benefits in freezing of gait (FOG) and tremor. Infusion and non-invasive neuromodulation therapies provide additional treatment options for patients with refractory motor and non-motor symptoms and may be an alternative for those who experience limitations of traditional dopaminergic therapies and are not candidates for neurosurgical interventions."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Efforts to provide instructions on drugs to be used in case of trouble for patients using LCIG and CSCI (JSNE 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Gene Therapies • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Therapies for Advanced Parkinson's Disease in Sweden: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Using Real-World Data. (PubMed, Neurol Ther) - "DBS is a cost-effective use of resources in Sweden. However, uncertainty remains regarding long-term symptom control as well as quality of life within specific health states for all device-aided therapies, and further data are needed to fully validate the model projections and provide more insight into areas of future research."

HEOR • Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Association of Enterococcus faecalis and tyrosine decarboxylase gene levels with levodopa pharmacokinetics in Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, NPJ Parkinsons Dis) - "Additionally, among patients receiving levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel treatment, strong positive correlations were observed between E. faecalis and tyrDC gene levels in fecal samples and those from the tip of the jejunal tube. Further prospective studies are required to explore the potential role of gut microbiota as a therapeutic target in patients with PD."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Treatment for Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (PubMed, Mov Disord) - "This RCT-based NMA identifies and ranks nine efficacious interventions for dyskinesia in PD. GPi-DBS may be the most effective therapy for treating dyskinesia, with IR amantadine ranking highest among oral medications. Novel anti-dyskinetic medications are associated with less-favorable tolerance profiles."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Access to and Use of Device-aided Therapies in Parkinson's Disease in France from 2015 to 2021: The PARK-DAT Study (AAN 2025) - "Objective:The aim of the PARK-DAT study was to measure access to and use of device-aided therapies (DAT) for Parkinson's disease (PD) in France over a period extending from 2015 to 2021, using the French administrative health care database (Système National des Données de Santé /SNDS).Background:Device-aided therapies (DAT), which include deep brain stimulation (DBS), levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion and continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI), are effective treatment options for advanced PD patients. Unlike in other countries, where the most widely used DAT is DBS (Poland, Norway, Germany) or LCIG (Denmark), the DAT most frequently initiated and used in France between 2015 and 2021 is CSAI, in unprecedented proportions, while the use of DBS is declining. The specific features of the French healthcare system (reimbursement rates, availability of homecare nurse providers) may explain this distribution and the high prevalence..."

CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

OPAILEC: Opicapone as Adjunctive Therapy to Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Parkinson's Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=22 | Completed | Sponsor: University Hospital of Ferrara | Initiation date: Oct 2022 ➔ Jul 2022

Trial initiation date • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Levodopa and dopamine agonist phobia in Parkinson's Disease: - does it really matter? A survey on treatment patterns in Polish tertiary centres. (PubMed, Neurol Neurochir Pol) - "Levodopa remains the gold standard in PD treatment in tertiary movement disorder centres in Poland. Dopamine agonists formed the second most frequently prescribed group of medications; however, the observed low dosages of both levodopa and dopamine agonists may suggest a cautious approach by clinicians. Amantadine and MAO-B inhibitors (mainly rasagiline) constituted important elements of PD pharmacotherapy. The high prevalence of complex polytherapy underlines the complexity of PD management, the cautious use of single medication at high doses, and the need for personalised therapeutic strategies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • COMT

Cognitive Outcomes of Advanced Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Apomorphine and Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Therapies. (PubMed, Eur J Neurol) - "APO may have a more favorable cognitive profile than LCIG. However, differences in follow-up duration, moderate risk of bias, and inconsistent cognitive assessments warrant cautious interpretation. Improved patient selection and comprehensive cognitive evaluations are recommended for future practice."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Increased incidence of akinetic crises in Parkinson's disease patients treated with Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel: A case series and review of the literature. (PubMed, Clin Neurol Neurosurg) - "Further research is necessary to definitively establish a link between LCIG treatment and AC. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to assess the potential increased risk of this serious complication, which can significantly impact morbidity and mortality in advanced PD patients."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Satisfaction and Preferences for Infusion Therapies in Advanced Parkinson's Disease-Patient Perspective. (PubMed, Medicina (Kaunas)) - "Background and Objectives: The rapid growth of the number of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has caused a significant increase in the use of device-aided therapies (DATs), including levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) and continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI). Furthermore, significant factors influencing patient preferences included fear of surgery (75% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.043) and concerns about DAT safety (83.3% vs. 47.4%, p = 0.049). LCIG and CSAI therapies offer benefits and disadvantages, with safety concerns and fear of surgery seeming to be decisive in the decision-making process."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Localization Matters: Impacts of PEG-J Localization in Intestinal Levodopa Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, Mov Disord Clin Pract) - "Our real-world data suggest that LCIG and LECIG are absorbed similarly in both duodenal and jejunal portions of the small intestine. However, clinical data suggest, that jejunal positioning is critical to the stabilization of dopaminergic motor fluctuations."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Neurotoxicity of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel preparations can cause polyneuropathy in Parkinson's Disease patients. (PubMed, Neurol Neurochir Pol) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Pain • Parkinson's Disease

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Device-Based Interventions Versus Pharmacological Therapy in the Management of Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Literature Review. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Subgroup analyses showed DBS and levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel to be particularly effective, with levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel showing a Cohen's d of 1.25 (95% CI: 0.91-1.58)...These findings support the integration of device-based therapies into personalized treatment strategies. Further research is needed to explore long-term outcomes and establish standardized guidelines for their implementation in clinical practice."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's Disease: Current Treatment Modalities and Emerging Therapies. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Multiple terms, such as Parkinson, tremor, predominant, Parkinson management, deep brain stimulation, LCIG, ablative surgery for PD, medical management of PD, and assistive devices for PD, were used for screening...Medical therapy is the most common therapy as it corrects dopamine deficiency which is the main factor implicated in PD; other surgical treatment options are available in cases of chronic progressive disease course. This article adds significant value to the literature as it includes the history and the role of most Parkinson's disease management options."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Vyalev - foscarbidopa/foslevodopa subcutaneous infusion for Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Subcutaneous administration of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (PRODUODOPA®) in arm and thigh due to giant epigastric hernia: a case report. (PubMed, Neurol Sci) - "PRODUODOPA can be administered subcutaneously in the area of ​​the upper and lower extremities with just as good results as after subcutaneous infusion in abdomen."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease