citicoline / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Kiperin Mind Focus supplement mitigates chronic stress-induced neuroinflammation and molecular dysregulation and improves stress-related affective and exploratory behaviors in rats. (PubMed, Front Integr Neurosci) - "Kiperin Mind Focus, a nootropic nutraceutical containing L-theanine, citicoline, phosphatidylserine, Rhodiola rosea, Ginkgo biloba, caffeine, and Lion's Mane mushroom extract has been formulated to support stress resilience, mood regulation and neural health...Kiperin Mind Focus exerted robust neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects under chronic stress, restoring molecular homeostasis and stabilizing stress-related behavioral outcomes. These findings support its role as a stress-buffering and mood-stabilizing supplement, that promotes emotional regulation and adaptive exploratory behavior under prolonged stress conditions."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • Psychiatry • BDNF • CREB1 • GRIN2A • IL10 • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Pharmacological Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment: From Symptomatic Treatment to Disease Modification-A Narrative Review. (PubMed, NeuroSci) - "Based on the randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses, and contemporary guidelines, a pragmatic pharmacological approach to MCI is suggested. Further trials with better design are urgently needed to document the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions in patients diagnosed with MCI."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Developmental Disorders • Hypoglycemia

In Vivo Functional and Structural Retinal Preservation by Combined Administration of Citicoline and Coenzyme Q10 in a Murine Model of Ocular Hypertension. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "CitiQ10 treatment mitigated these changes, reducing vitreous particles, moderating RNFL alterations, and not exhibiting significant changes in ERG amplitudes. At 7 days post-induction, structural and functional deficits persisted but were less pronounced in treated eyes. These findings suggest that CitiQ10 treatment may attenuate early retinal damage in glaucoma, with OCT and ffERG serving as reliable monitoring tools, supporting the therapeutic potential of this approach in early stage disease."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Glaucoma • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology

Citicoline Triggers Proteome Remodeling and Proteostatic Adaptation: Evidence from Shotgun Proteomics. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - P3 | " These proteomics findings introduce previously uncharacterized biological effects of citicoline and foster the working hypothesis that this drug may exert its cytoprotective activity through molecular mechanisms linked to the hormesis principle. These data further support the rationale for its clinical application in neurodegenerative processes and human disorders characterized by proteotoxicity."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Glaucoma • Neuroblastoma • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Solid Tumor • Targeted Protein Degradation

Recurrent Suicidality Following Rechallenge with Phosphatidylserine and Citicoline in a Pediatric ADHD Patient Treated with Methylphenidate: A Cautionary Case Report. (PubMed, Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol) - "The temporal relationship between the initiation of supplementation and the onset of symptoms, as well as the resolution of symptoms following discontinuation, suggests a possible causal relationship. It may be beneficial to review mood symptoms and conduct a risk assessment before adding such supplements."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • Suicidal Ideation

A Brain-Computer Interface-Based Attention Training Program Compared With Methylphenidate and Citicoline (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=174 | Completed | Sponsor: Uludag University

New trial • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Citicoline Oral Solution Induces Functional Enhancement and Synaptic Plasticity in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "After 12 months of Citicoline treatment, significant (p < 0.01) increases in PERG P50-N95 and VEP N75-P100 amplitudes, and significant shortening of PERG P50, VEP P100 implicit times and RCT were observed. In OAG, Citicoline oral solution enhances retinal function likely through neuromodulation processes and changes post-retinal visual pathway connectivity. This could explain the improvement of visual field defects."

Journal • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

Use of nootropics in Alzheimer's disease: An analysis of regulatory positions and drug policies in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. (PubMed, Int J Risk Saf Med) - "We compared the results of Russia with other countries regulatory and policy positions.ResultsE-Library searches identified 11 nootropicspiracetam, citicoline, idebenone, vinpocetine, choline alfoscerate, Cerebrolysin®, Kortexin®, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, glycine, nicergoline, nimodipine. Eight nootropic have registration for use in all CIS countries (excluding idebenone, nimodipine), four (piracetam, nimodipine, nicergoline, idebenone) - in UK, nimodipine - in the USA, and idebenone - in EU...None is included on the WHO Model EML and the National EML of Kyrgyzstan, Only CPG of the RF recommend using two nootropics as adjuvant therapy of Alzheimer's disease, Cerebrolysin® and choline alfoscerate. CPG of the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the USA do not mention nootropics as potential treatment options for Alzheimer's disease."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia

The role of neuro-supportive substances of natural origin in neurological conditions-A literature-based formulators' perspective. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) shows pro-cognitive effects, increasing glutathione (GSH) levels that are decreased in AD and PD patients, possibly decreasing neuroinflammation. Some nutraceuticals, e.g., citicoline, show synergism in combination with current therapies. We propose a renewed, risk-benefit approach for inclusion of the investigated nutraceuticals with limited indications in certain neurological treatment regimens."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease • TNFA

Research on Alzheimer Disease in Italy: A Narrative Review of Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions. (PubMed, Neurol Int) - "Italian research on AD reflects a growing emphasis on integrated, multidimensional, and technologically advanced approaches. Strengthening preclinical studies, promoting multicenter collaborations, and combining pharmacological, cognitive, and neuromodulatory strategies may enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient quality of life. Continued investment in innovation and multidisciplinary research positions Italy to contribute meaningfully to global AD management and prevention."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia

Comparison of the effects of choline alphoscerate and citicoline in patients with dementia disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Our findings indicate that choline alphoscerate is more effective than citicoline in improving the clinical conditions of dementia patients. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024626782, Identifier: CRD42024626782."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Geriatric Disorders

Combined citicoline and Cerebrolysin for neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort analysis. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Combined treatment with citicoline and Cerebrolysin may offer additional benefits for neurological recovery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Although statistical significance was not reached, the observed trend supports the need for further prospective, controlled studies to explore potential therapeutic advantages."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Inflammation • Vascular Neurology

Management of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. (PubMed, Int J Ment Health Addict) - "Low certainty evidence suggests quetiapine may extend abstinence compared to placebo [risk ratio (RR) 3.17 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.24 to 8.07)] and weekly average proportion of patients with negative urine samples [mean difference (MD) 32.17 (95% CI, 14.08 to 50.26)]. Low certainty evidence also suggested that riluzole may be associated with a higher weekly average proportion of patients with negative urine samples [MD 24.10 (95% CI, 5.54 to 42.66)]. Very low certainty evidence suggests methylphenidate alone [compared to placebo MD 10.24 (95% CI, 3.49 to 16.99)] or in combination with matrix model [MD 23.55 (95% CI, 7.64 to 39.46)] may be associated with an increased weekly average proportion of patients with negative urine samples...Compared to placebo, venlafaxine [RR 0.27 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.90), low certainty] and citicoline [RR 0.69 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.99), lowcertainty] may be among the most tolerable interventions. Very few interventions may be..."

Journal • Retrospective data

Fatty liver reexamined choline and mitochondrial toxin amelioration. (PubMed, World J Biol Chem) - "Advanced formulations-especially citicoline-demonstrate favorable absorption and tissue choline delivery and may lessen trimethylamine-N-oxide formation versus free choline salts...Framing fatty liver as nutrition-modifiable mitochondrial toxicosis highlights correctable choline insufficiency when the liver is burdened by ethanol or excess LA. A dual strategy-using higher-bioavailability, gutmicrobial trimethylamineNoxide-sparing choline forms and mitigating mitochondrial toxicants-targets core bioenergetic defects, may reverse early steatosis, and warrants testing in adequately powered clinical trials."

Journal • Review • Dyslipidemia • Hepatology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders

The problem of digital overload: cognitive impairments in young people (PubMed, Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova) - "Recognan (citicoline) is prescribed for the prevention and correction of emotional overload (anxiety, asthenia), as well as cognitive disorders that occur as a result of Internet addiction. The recommended dosage of Recognan is 500-1000 mg per day for 30 days. «Digital detox», which involves voluntarily reducing the use of digital devices, can have a positive impact on anxiety, asthenic symptoms, and cognitive impairments in Internet-addicted individuals."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Depression • Developmental Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Medical and surgical interventions for neurotrophic keratopathy. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "Neurotrophic keratopathy is a rare condition with an array of etiologies, which poses challenges for research in terms of study design, participant recruitment, and consensus on objective outcome measures. Our review found low or very low certainty of evidence regarding the effects of medical or surgical interventions on corneal re-epithelialization, visual acuity, and corneal sensitivity. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence mostly because of imprecision, followed by indirectness, risk of bias, and inconsistency. Given the current evidence and lack of universal guidelines, clinicians should individualize treatment based on clinical judgment and available resources. We expect future studies examining a wider range of interventions will be able to offer higher quality evidence and produce more conclusive assessments."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Corneal Abrasion • Diabetes • Dry Eye Disease • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology • Otorhinolaryngology • Transplantation • FGF

Pharmacologic neuroprotective agents for the treatment of perinatal asphyxia in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Pharmacologic neuroprotective agents show promise in improving survival and neurological outcomes in neonates with PA in LILMICs. However, more robust, multi-center RCTs are needed to confirm their efficacy and establish them as feasible alternatives to therapeutic hypothermia in these settings."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review

Improving Sleep and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=20 | Completed | Sponsor: Emory University | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders

SLC44A1 deficiency impedes myelin development in the central nervous system. (PubMed, Cell Rep) - "More importantly, supplementation with citicoline, a natural choline metabolite, restores developmental myelination in SLC44A1-deficient animals. Our findings demonstrate that SLC44A1 is essential for CNS myelination, and citicoline supplementation represents a potential therapy for developmental hypomyelination."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor

Nutraceuticals and neuroprotection for glaucoma-introducing the NP-10 System. (PubMed, Ther Adv Ophthalmol) - "Specific nutraceutical interventions, including saffron, French maritime pine, bilberry, palmitoylethanolamide, nicotinamide, methylfolate, methylcobalamin, macular carotenoids, Ginkgo biloba, pyruvate, and citicoline, may target multiple mechanisms to reduce IOP, modulate stress, improve ocular perfusion, enhance cellular bioenergetics, provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, augment macular pigment, and improve visual function in glaucoma. With promising emerging evidence for neuroprotection, the NP-10 System provides a scaffold for future large, randomized trials to establish clinical efficacy, optimize formulations, and clarify safety profiles of these nutraceuticals, paving the way for integrating targeted nutritional support into proactive glaucoma care."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Glaucoma • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology

Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin in Original Rectal Suppositories in Experimental Acute Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. (PubMed, Bull Exp Biol Med) - "The effects of original rectal suppositories with melatonin were significantly more pronounced than the effects of citicoline solution. The positive effect of melatonin in experimental acute cerebral ischemia was determined by its angiogenetic (formation of new blood vessels) and reparative (recovery of damaged neurons) effects."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Citicoline May Effectively Reduce Hard Exudates in Diabetic Retinopathy. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - " Our study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first one that establishes a clinically positive effect of citicoline eye drops on hard exudates in DR. However, to support the potential value of citicoline in the treatment of DR, the conclusions of this study still need to be confirmed by statistical analysis of a larger sample size and prospective studies with longer follow-up periods."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Metabolic Disorders • Retinal Disorders

ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE IN PARTIAL HELLP SYNDROME PATIENT: A RARE CASE (WCN 2025) - "Hyper-coagulopathy was also noted (D-dimer 2069 ng/mL, fibrinogen 232 mg/dL). Upon diagnosis, intravenous citicoline, piracetam and peroral aspirin was given. HELLP syndrome can activate the complement system and coagulation cascade, leading to endothelial injury and AIS. Aspirin, commonly used post-delivery, is considered safe and effective in these cases"

Clinical • CNS Disorders

WHEN STROKE STRIKES TWICE : A CASE REPORT OF EMBOLIC INFARCTION AND INTRACRANIAL BLEEDING IN INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS (WCN 2025) - "He met the Duke criteria for definite infective endocarditis. The patient was started on ampicillin and gentamicin to treat the infection, along with clopidogrel and citicoline for stroke management... This case highlights the delicate balance required in managing infective endocarditis-associated stroke, where the risk of ischemic progression must be weighed against the potential for hemorrhage. Mycotic aneurysm are a critical concern, as their rupture can be catastrophic. Early imaging and multidisciplinary management are essential to balance stroke prevention and bleeding risks."

Case report • Clinical • Cerebral Hemorrhage • CNS Disorders

ENHANCEMENT OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN CARBON MONOXIDE INTOXICATION PATIENTS THROUGH TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION AND COGNITIVE TRAINING: A CASE REPORT (WCN 2025) - "Treatment involved tDCS, cognitive training, and a pharmacological regimen: Citicoline, Clonazepam, Donepezil HCl, Divalproate, high-dose mecobalamin (3x1000 mcg), and thiamine. This case demonstrates that a multimodal intervention involving tDCS, cognitive training, and supportive pharmacotherapy, including high-dose mecobalamin can significantly enhance cognitive and functional outcomes in CO intoxication. Early, personalized neurorehabilitation may promote neuroplasticity, improve balance, and ultimately enhance quality of life in affected patients."

Case report • Clinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Vascular Neurology