citicoline / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Fatty liver reexamined choline and mitochondrial toxin amelioration. (PubMed, World J Biol Chem) - "Advanced formulations-especially citicoline-demonstrate favorable absorption and tissue choline delivery and may lessen trimethylamine-N-oxide formation versus free choline salts...Framing fatty liver as nutrition-modifiable mitochondrial toxicosis highlights correctable choline insufficiency when the liver is burdened by ethanol or excess LA. A dual strategy-using higher-bioavailability, gutmicrobial trimethylamineNoxide-sparing choline forms and mitigating mitochondrial toxicants-targets core bioenergetic defects, may reverse early steatosis, and warrants testing in adequately powered clinical trials."

Journal • Review • Dyslipidemia • Hepatology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders

The problem of digital overload: cognitive impairments in young people (PubMed, Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova) - "Recognan (citicoline) is prescribed for the prevention and correction of emotional overload (anxiety, asthenia), as well as cognitive disorders that occur as a result of Internet addiction. The recommended dosage of Recognan is 500-1000 mg per day for 30 days. «Digital detox», which involves voluntarily reducing the use of digital devices, can have a positive impact on anxiety, asthenic symptoms, and cognitive impairments in Internet-addicted individuals."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Depression • Developmental Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Medical and surgical interventions for neurotrophic keratopathy. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "Neurotrophic keratopathy is a rare condition with an array of etiologies, which poses challenges for research in terms of study design, participant recruitment, and consensus on objective outcome measures. Our review found low or very low certainty of evidence regarding the effects of medical or surgical interventions on corneal re-epithelialization, visual acuity, and corneal sensitivity. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence mostly because of imprecision, followed by indirectness, risk of bias, and inconsistency. Given the current evidence and lack of universal guidelines, clinicians should individualize treatment based on clinical judgment and available resources. We expect future studies examining a wider range of interventions will be able to offer higher quality evidence and produce more conclusive assessments."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Corneal Abrasion • Diabetes • Dry Eye Disease • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology • Otorhinolaryngology • Transplantation • FGF

Pharmacologic neuroprotective agents for the treatment of perinatal asphyxia in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Pharmacologic neuroprotective agents show promise in improving survival and neurological outcomes in neonates with PA in LILMICs. However, more robust, multi-center RCTs are needed to confirm their efficacy and establish them as feasible alternatives to therapeutic hypothermia in these settings."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review

Improving Sleep and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=20 | Completed | Sponsor: Emory University | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders

SLC44A1 deficiency impedes myelin development in the central nervous system. (PubMed, Cell Rep) - "More importantly, supplementation with citicoline, a natural choline metabolite, restores developmental myelination in SLC44A1-deficient animals. Our findings demonstrate that SLC44A1 is essential for CNS myelination, and citicoline supplementation represents a potential therapy for developmental hypomyelination."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor

Nutraceuticals and neuroprotection for glaucoma-introducing the NP-10 System. (PubMed, Ther Adv Ophthalmol) - "Specific nutraceutical interventions, including saffron, French maritime pine, bilberry, palmitoylethanolamide, nicotinamide, methylfolate, methylcobalamin, macular carotenoids, Ginkgo biloba, pyruvate, and citicoline, may target multiple mechanisms to reduce IOP, modulate stress, improve ocular perfusion, enhance cellular bioenergetics, provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, augment macular pigment, and improve visual function in glaucoma. With promising emerging evidence for neuroprotection, the NP-10 System provides a scaffold for future large, randomized trials to establish clinical efficacy, optimize formulations, and clarify safety profiles of these nutraceuticals, paving the way for integrating targeted nutritional support into proactive glaucoma care."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Glaucoma • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology

Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin in Original Rectal Suppositories in Experimental Acute Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. (PubMed, Bull Exp Biol Med) - "The effects of original rectal suppositories with melatonin were significantly more pronounced than the effects of citicoline solution. The positive effect of melatonin in experimental acute cerebral ischemia was determined by its angiogenetic (formation of new blood vessels) and reparative (recovery of damaged neurons) effects."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Citicoline May Effectively Reduce Hard Exudates in Diabetic Retinopathy. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - " Our study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first one that establishes a clinically positive effect of citicoline eye drops on hard exudates in DR. However, to support the potential value of citicoline in the treatment of DR, the conclusions of this study still need to be confirmed by statistical analysis of a larger sample size and prospective studies with longer follow-up periods."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Metabolic Disorders • Retinal Disorders

ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE IN PARTIAL HELLP SYNDROME PATIENT: A RARE CASE (WCN 2025) - "Hyper-coagulopathy was also noted (D-dimer 2069 ng/mL, fibrinogen 232 mg/dL). Upon diagnosis, intravenous citicoline, piracetam and peroral aspirin was given. HELLP syndrome can activate the complement system and coagulation cascade, leading to endothelial injury and AIS. Aspirin, commonly used post-delivery, is considered safe and effective in these cases"

Clinical • CNS Disorders

WHEN STROKE STRIKES TWICE : A CASE REPORT OF EMBOLIC INFARCTION AND INTRACRANIAL BLEEDING IN INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS (WCN 2025) - "He met the Duke criteria for definite infective endocarditis. The patient was started on ampicillin and gentamicin to treat the infection, along with clopidogrel and citicoline for stroke management... This case highlights the delicate balance required in managing infective endocarditis-associated stroke, where the risk of ischemic progression must be weighed against the potential for hemorrhage. Mycotic aneurysm are a critical concern, as their rupture can be catastrophic. Early imaging and multidisciplinary management are essential to balance stroke prevention and bleeding risks."

Case report • Clinical • Cerebral Hemorrhage • CNS Disorders

ENHANCEMENT OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN CARBON MONOXIDE INTOXICATION PATIENTS THROUGH TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION AND COGNITIVE TRAINING: A CASE REPORT (WCN 2025) - "Treatment involved tDCS, cognitive training, and a pharmacological regimen: Citicoline, Clonazepam, Donepezil HCl, Divalproate, high-dose mecobalamin (3x1000 mcg), and thiamine. This case demonstrates that a multimodal intervention involving tDCS, cognitive training, and supportive pharmacotherapy, including high-dose mecobalamin can significantly enhance cognitive and functional outcomes in CO intoxication. Early, personalized neurorehabilitation may promote neuroplasticity, improve balance, and ultimately enhance quality of life in affected patients."

Case report • Clinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Vascular Neurology

STROKE-LIKE PRESENTATION OF CEREBRAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN ADVANCED HIV DISEASE AND TUBERCULOSIS: A CASE REPORT (WCN 2025) - "In 20% of cases, cerebral toxoplasmosis imaging reveals hypodense lesions without contrast enhancement or distinct focal abnormalities.4 Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical in resource-limited settings to reduce morbidity and mortality."

Case report • Clinical • Metastases • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Vertigo • CD4

Effects of citicoline on glutamate neurotransmission: a review of the literature (ECNP 2025) - "Moreover, combining citicoline with other neuroprotective compounds may offer synergistic benefits. Future research should further explore these combination therapies, optimizing strategies for clinical application."

Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders

Polyacrylamide functionalized polysaccharide based nanocomposite semi-interpenetrating polymeric network hydrogel for pH-responsive controlled release of a model neuroprotective drug. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "Here, we report a polyacrylamide-functionalized polysaccharide-based nanocomposite semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogel designed for pH-responsive delivery of the neuroprotective agent citicoline...Cytotoxicity studies using 3T3 fibroblasts demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, with proliferation comparable to the control. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the developed hydrogel combines robust mechanical properties, tunable swelling, and controlled drug release, representing a promising platform for targeted and effective neuroprotective therapy."

Journal

ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF OSMOTIC DEMYELINATION SYNDROME IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM: A CASE REPORT AND MANAGEMENT INSIGHTS (WPA-WCP 2025) - "The patient's treatment was adjusted to include intravenous citicoline and B12 supplementation, following which partial neurological recovery was observed...Early imaging and timely intervention with neuroprotective agents may improve outcomes in ODS. Future studies should explore optimal protocols for managing ODS in such populations to minimize residual deficits and improve patient quality of life."

Case report • Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Epilepsy • Movement Disorders

Organophosphorus compounds and neurological conditions: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. (PubMed, Neurotoxicol Teratol) - "Some naturally occurring compounds, like citicoline, have shown neuroprotective properties, while synthetic OPs such as bisphosphonates and their derivatives are being explored to treat some mental conditions. However, the high toxicity and side effects of some of them, whether in the short or long term, may limit their use in clinical settings. Overall, there is a call for better animal models and continued research to develop safer therapeutic options."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Mental Retardation • Pain • Psychiatry

Citicoline-Amantadine Trial in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Randomized Study. (PubMed, J Neurotrauma) - "The duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU, and hospital stay was significantly longer in group C, with no significant differences between groups A and CA. This study showed that amantadine alone or in combination with citicoline has a favorable effect on the recovery of consciousness and cognitive behavior in patients with moderate TBI and reduces the mechanical ventilation days, hospital, and ICU length of stay."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Vascular Neurology

Improving Sleep and AD Biomarkers (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=100 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Emory University | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 ➔ Jan 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 ➔ Jan 2026

Biomarker • Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders

Effect of Kron (Citicoline and Nicotinamide Oral Solution) on Patients With Open-angle Glaucoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=30 | Completed | Sponsor: ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo | Not yet recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 ➔ Sep 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2024 ➔ Jul 2025

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

Improving Sleep and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=20 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Emory University | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 ➔ Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 ➔ Oct 2025

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders

Treating Substance Use Disorders in Bipolar Disorder as a Moral Imperative (ISBD 2025) - "Save for smoking cessation, pharmacological treatments for SUDs in BD have either been too small to generalize or have not found a benefit, including acamprosate, divalproex, topiramate, and quetiapine for alcohol use disorder, citicoline for stimulant use disorders, and gabapentin for cannabis use disorder. It is proposed that tobacco use disorder and opiate use disorder be treated pharmacologically with standard care, including varenicline, as treatments are lifesaving; that alcohol use disorder be treated with established medications; and that established psychosocial treatments for SUD be extended to people with BD, including for cannabis and stimulant use disorders. How to practically implement this in the clinic will be discussed."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Nicotine Addiction • Psychiatry • Substance Abuse • Tobacco Addiction • Tobacco Cessation

Microglial Polarization and Therapeutic Strategies in Post-stroke Neuroinflammation. (PubMed, Neurol Ther) - "Emerging pharmacological interventions, such as the free radical scavenger edaravone, the neurotrophic factor cerebrolysin, and the excitotoxicity modulator citicoline, demonstrate promising neuroprotective potential when strategically timed. Findings on neuroinflammation, mechanism, or interventions in ischemic stroke were narratively synthesized through thematic analysis. This review summarizes current insights into post-stroke neuroinflammatory mechanisms, with a focus on the dual role of microglial polarization."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Ischemic stroke • Oncology • IL6 • TNFA

An environmental green factorial design/assisted spectrofluorimetric technique for quantitation of citicoline in pharmaceutical dosage form and wastewater. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The technique depends on the efficient derivatisation of the primary amino group of citicoline with O-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in borate buffer (pH 11), yielding a highly fluorescent derivative. The sustainability of the method was studied using the analytical greenness tools confirms the method's eco-friendly profile. Collectively, these contributions advance drug bioavailability while promoting a more efficient and sustainable analytical framework."

Journal

Neuroprotective Properties of Citicoline in Patients with Unexplained Visual Acuity Loss Related to Silicone Oil Tamponade. Our Experience. (PubMed, Cesk Slov Oftalmol) - "Complications were monitored and results analyzed statistically.  BCVA improved (citicoline: 19 to 48 letters; non-citicoline: 13 to 42 letters, p."

Journal • Retinal Disorders