azathioprine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Medical Management of CD: Immunomodulators and Corticosteroids (IASGO 2026) - "Budesonide, with limitedsystemic exposure due to extensive first-pass metabolism, is effective for induction in mild-to-moderate CD limited to ileum and/or right colon. Systemic corticosteroids, such as oral prednisone orintravenous corticosteroids, rapidly induce remission in moderate-to-severe CD...Thiopurines, including azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, are not recommended for inductionbecause of their delayed onset of action (typically 8-12weeks) but may be used as steroid-sparingmaintenance therapy...Methotrexate (MTX) is another conventional immunomodulator. ParenteralMTX may be effective for induction and maintenance, particularly in steroid-dependent CD, whereaslow-dose oral MTX has not demonstrated consistent efficacy. Its use is limited by adverse effects,including hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal intolerance, as well as teratogenicity, and it is generallyconsidered when other therapeutic options are unsuitable."

Immunomodulating • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Genetic Disorders • Glaucoma • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Leukopenia • Lymphoma • Non-melanoma Skin Cancer • Ophthalmology • Pancreatitis • Skin Cancer • Solid Tumor • NUDT15

Therapeutic strategies in childhood diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, a CRC chILD-EU study (ERS 2026) - "Treatments were classified into four categories: first-line (corticosteroids), second-line (hydroxychloroquine), third-line (mycophenolate mofetil, Janus kinase inhibitors, azathioprine), and last-resort therapies (cyclophosphamide, rituximab, obinutuzumab, plasma exchange, embolization). This study identifies new risk factors for IPH recurrence and shows that standard first- and second-line therapies do not reduce relapse risk. Third-line treatments appear effective and their role in long-term IPH management warrants reconsideration."

Clinical • Developmental Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Ulcerative Rectosigmoid Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Mimicking Late-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ACG 2026) - "She had a history of indeterminate colitis diagnosed in 2023 with patchy colonic and small bowel involvement requiring multiple targeted immune modulating (TIM) therapies including vedolizumab, Risankizumab, infliximab, adalimumab, and azathioprine...On admission, she was found to have a Clostridium difficile infection and was started on fidaxomicin with clinical response...The patient was re-started on targeted LCH therapy with dabrafenib by hematology and nutritional support via total parenteral nutrition...B: On higher magnification, the lamina propria contains patchy histiocytic infiltrates, which are accompanied by scattered eosinophils and are in close association with colonic crypts with crypt injury, cryptitis and crypt abscesses (hematoxylin-eosin stains at 200x). C: CD1a immunohistochemistry is strongly and diffusely positive in the histiocytic infiltrates, supporting the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (CD1a stain, 200x)."

CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis • CD1a

Safety of Inadvertent Live Vaccine Administration in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Immune-Modifying Therapy (ACG 2026) - "The exposed cohort comprised IBD patients who received a live vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), varicella, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV)...Inclusion required a vaccine CPT code, â¥12 months of continuous enrollment prior to index date, an IBD diagnosis (â¥2 IBD-related outpatient visits), and a prescription for an immune-modifying therapy (anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vedolizumab, ustekinumab, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, risankizumab, guselkumab, or mirikizumab) < 90 days of the index date...³Anti-TNF agents: infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab...6Immunomodulators: methotrexate, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine... 220 IBD patients met inclusion criteria for the live vaccine cohort (132 MMR, 73 varicella, 15 MMRV); 170 (77%) were on anti-TNF therapy and 30 (14%) on vedolizumab (Figure). The comparator group comprised 2,204 PCV13 recipients Table for baseline demographics. All-cause hospitalization or ED..."

Clinical • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Herpes Zoster • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Measles • Mumps • Pneumococcal Infections • Rubella • Varicella Zoster • IL23A

SCDHCT: Reduced Intensity Transplantation for Severe Sickle Cell Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=46 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital | Suspended ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Sickle Cell Disease • Transplantation

Clinical and laboratory manifestations and treatment of children with TNFRSF1A gene variants. (PubMed, World J Clin Pediatr) - "Variants in the TNFRSF1A gene may cause a wide range of clinical symptoms, including eye and intestinal lesions that are not typical of sJIA. All patients with fever and unusual sJIA symptoms should have molecular genetic testing for TNFRSF1A variants to confirm or exclude AID early. Early diagnosis enables timely therapy and prevents complications. Tocilizumab (39.3%), canakinumab (33.3%), and TNF inhibitors (21.2%) achieved remission in children with TNFRSF1A variants. Some patients required multiple bDMARD switches to achieve remission, highlighting the complexity of treatment decisions in this group."

Journal • Amyloidosis • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Idiopathic Arthritis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Oncology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Pediatrics • Rheumatology • Ventriculomegaly • TNFRSF1A

Risk of Incident Melanoma With TNF-Alpha Inhibitor Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study (ACG 2026) - " Using the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Network, we identified adults â¥18 years with IBD who initiated TNFi on or before February 7, 2024; controls initiated mesalamine or a non-TNFi biologic (ustekinumab, vedolizumab, risankizumab, mirikizumab, or guselkumab). Patients with prior melanoma or melanoma in situ; exposure to opposite-class advanced therapy, JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, upadacitinib), thiopurines (azathioprine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine), or methotrexate before or within 5 years after index were excluded... In TNFi vs mesalamine, 21,848 matched pairs (mean age 38.9 ± 17.9 years; 51.1% female sex; 78.0% White) accrued mean follow-up of 2.5 years (median 3.0 years). There was no statistically significant difference in incident melanoma (0.10% vs 0.08%; OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.66â2.28; P=0.53) or composite outcome (0.11% each; OR 1.04, 0.59â1.82; P=0.89). Melanoma in situ alone was not separately reportable in this comparison due to small..."

Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Melanoma • Solid Tumor

Prevalence and Predictors of Fatigue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study With Subgroup Analysis of Quiescent Disease (ACG 2026) - "AZA, azathioprine; 6-MP, 6-mercaptopurine; CZP, certolizumab pegol; HBI, Harvey-Bradshaw Index; IFX, infliximab; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RZB, risankizumab; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TOFA, tofacitinib; UPA, upadacitinib; UST, ustekinumab; VDZ, vedolizumab. A total of 215 patients (71.2% Crohnâs, 42.3% female, median age 30) completed FACIT-F; 201 (93.5%) had classifiable IBD clinical activity (69 active, 132 quiescent) and included in the analysis. Moderate-severe fatigue affected 82 (38.1%) overall; 44.9% in active and 33.3% in quiescent disease (50% in those with elevated biomarkers) (Figure 1A). On univariate analysis, moderate-severe fatigue was associated with HBI (p=0.034), CRP (p=0.03), poor sleep (PSQIâ¥5; p< 0.001), depression (HADS-D â¥8; p< 0.001) and anxiety (HADS-A â¥8; p< 0.001) (Table 1)."

CNS Disorders • Crohn's disease • Depression • Fatigue • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Mood Disorders • CRP

Updates on the Evaluation of Lupus Arthritis. (PubMed, Rheumatol Ther) - "Therapeutically, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) remains the foundation of treatment. Belimumab and anifrolumab are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved biologics now recommended as standard of care for persistent disease, alongside conventional immunosuppressants such as methotrexate, mycophenolate, or azathioprine when indicated. Additional targeted therapies including obinutuzumab and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are closely following behind. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) represents a promising approach that may transform the future management of SLE."

IO biomarker • Journal • Review • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Rheumatology • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • IL17A • IL6

Perioperative Safety Profile of IBD Medications: A Comparative Study of Real World Pharmacovigilance Data (ACG 2026) - "Golimumab showed elevated UC sepsis (1.88), whereas Adalimumab and Certolizumab showed lower CD sepsis (0.54, 0.27) and Adalimumab lower DVT and PE in both indications. Vedolizumab showed elevated UC DVT and PE (~1.5); natalizumab elevated CD PE (2.30); ustekinumab an isolated UC ileus signal (14.15)... Thiopurines and Methotrexate showed the most consistent signals across both indications: elevated ROR for sepsis (Azathioprine UC: ROR 2.03, CD: 1.85; Mercaptopurine UC: 2.64, CD: 2.04; Methotrexate UC: 1.57), DVT (Methotrexate UC 4.15, CD 2.33; Azathioprine CD 2.23, Mercaptopurine UC 2.29), and PE (Methotrexate UC 1.96; Azathioprine CD 1.84). Azathioprine UC also showed elevated anastomotic leak (7.15). Among anti-TNFs, infliximab showed elevated CD sepsis (2.12), DVT (1.90), and PE (1.82), as well as UC DVT (1.32)."

Adverse events • Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Septic Shock • Ulcerative Colitis

Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=80 | Recruiting | Sponsor: NYU Langone Health | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting | Trial completion date: Sep 2027 ➔ Jan 2028 | Initiation date: Sep 2025 ➔ Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2027 ➔ Jan 2028

Enrollment open • Trial completion date • Trial initiation date • Trial primary completion date • Orthopedics • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatology

Herpes Zoster Infection as an Adverse Reaction to Treatments for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review of Reports to the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) (ACG 2026) - "Reports of ADRs of all FDA approved UC therapies including mesalamine, sulfasalazine, balsalazide, olsalazine, methotrexate, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, mirikizumab, risankizumab, guselkumab, ozanimod, etrasimod, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib along with combination infliximab with methotrexate, infliximab with azathioprine, adalimumab with azathioprine, and golimumab with azathioprine were reviewed. Table 1 displays the total FAERS reports of ADRs and reported HZ infection in patients treated for UC. The JAK inhibitor tofacitinib showed increased risk of HZ with 58 total reports (ROR 2.79). In addition, methotrexate (ROR 1.83), azathioprine (ROR 1.74), 6-mercaptopurine (ROR 2.4), infliximab (ROR 2.49), and combination therapies of infliximab with methotrexate (ROR 2.61) and infliximab with azathioprine (ROR 2.91) demonstrated increased risk."

Adverse events • Review • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Herpes Zoster • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis • Varicella Zoster • ROR1

Drug-Induced Pancreatitis Across UC Therapeutics: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study (ACG 2026) - " FAERS was queried for reports of pancreatitis associated with UC treatments including immunomodulators (azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, tacrolimus), 5-aminosalicylates (mesalamine, balsalazide, olsalazine, sulfasalazine), anti-TNF agents (adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, certolizumab pegol), integrin inhibitors (vedolizumab, natalizumab), IL-12/23 inhibitors (ustekinumab, risankizumab, guselkumab), JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, upadacitinib), and S1P modulators (ozanimod, etrasimod). 83,046 reports with 612 pancreatitis cases were analyzed. Significantly elevated risk was observed with azathioprine (ROR 4.38, 95% CI 3.56-5.38), mesalamine (ROR 2.32, 95% CI 1.87-2.89), and infliximab (ROR 1.47, 95% CI 1.21-1.80; all p< 0.0001). Reduced risk was identified with adalimumab (ROR 0.60, 95% CI 0.49-0.74), vedolizumab (ROR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.93), and ustekinumab (ROR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.94)."

Adverse events • Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pancreatitis • Ulcerative Colitis • IL12A • ROR1

Arabic Translation and Validation of the IBD-Control Questionnaire in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ACG 2026) - "Figure: IQR, interquartile range; CD, Crohnâs disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; HBI, Harvey-Bradshaw Index; CRP, C-reactive protein; FCP, fecal calprotectin; AZA, azathioprine; 6-MP, 6-mercaptopurine; CZP, certolizumab pegol; IFX, infliximab; VDZ, vedolizumab; UST, ustekinumab; RZB, risankizumab; TOFA, tofacitinib; UPA, upadacitinib; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness TherapyâFatigue; VAS, visual analogue scale. A total of 203 patients completed the Arabic IBD-CQ (median age 31, 40.9% female, 70.0% CD) (Table 1) completed the Arabic IBD-CQ. The Arabic IBD-CQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.820); all 8 items had corrected item-total râ¥0.44, and no item improved α if deleted. Construct validity was strong with expected-direction correlations: FACIT-F Ï=+0.61, HADS-Anxiety Ï=â0.53,..."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Crohn's disease • Depression • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Mood Disorders • Ulcerative Colitis • CRP

Repurposing Anticancer Drugs in Parkinson's Treatment: Molecular Pathways Driving Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Advancement. (PubMed, Mol Neurobiol) - "Ixazomib enhances α-synuclein clearance via autophagy in preclinical models. Nilotinib showed poor CNS penetration (< 0.3% in CSF), resulting in worsening motor outcomes. Relatlimab, trehalose, and lapatinib demonstrated preclinical benefits through inhibition of α-synuclein spread, mTOR-independent autophagy, and multi-pathway neuroprotection, respectively. The AZA-PD Phase 2 trial (azathioprine) demonstrated a favourable safety and tolerability profile and offered valuable insights into peripheral immune modulation in early PD, though it did not meet its primary endpoint of slowing disease progression...Mechanistic convergence provides a rationale for repurposing drugs; however, clinical success requires addressing the unique challenges of neurodegeneration. Future approaches should focus on precision medicine, innovative delivery systems, and multi-target interventions rather than direct therapeutic translation."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease • Targeted Protein Degradation

Upadacitinib for Fistulizing Perianal Crohnâs Disease and Comorbid Enteropathic Arthritis Refractory to Combination Therapy (ACG 2026) - "In addition to tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (anti-TNF), the 2025 ACG Clinical Guideline on CD now suggests upadacitinib, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab for induction of remission of FPCD: conditional recommendation - very low level of evidence...The patient failed infliximab and adalimumab therapy before developing small bowel obstructions and an abscess...Adalimumab dosing was escalated but he was ultimately switched to certolizumab pegol-azathioprine combination therapy...Figure: Figure 1: Axial contrast-enhanced CT of the pelvis demonstrating chronic left perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease with a fistulous tract extending toward the medial gluteal fold and a curvilinear seton in situ, with surrounding inflammatory soft-tissue changes. Figure: Figure 2: Timeline of immunomodulatory therapy, corticosteroid exposure, and C-reactive protein levels during the patient's clinical course, illustrating improvement in perianal disease and inflammatory..."

Combination therapy • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Rheumatology • CRP

Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effectiveness and Challenges in a Moroccan Tertiary Care Center. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Anti-TNF-α therapy showed real-life effectiveness in this tertiary-center cohort despite a high proportion of severe IBD phenotypes. Primary non-response and secondary loss of response remain frequent challenges. Severe disease features and access-related barriers may influence long-term outcomes. Close monitoring, individualized management, reactive therapeutic drug monitoring when available, and improved access to biologics are essential to optimize care in resource-limited settings."

Journal • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Oncology • Ulcerative Colitis

Real-World Effectiveness of Biologics and Small Molecules in Steroid-Refractory Microscopic Colitis (ACG 2026) - "Patients with histologically confirmed microscopic colitis and prior exposure to budesonide or prednisone were included. Advanced therapies assessed included anti-TNF agents (infliximab, adalimumab), anti-integrin therapy (vedolizumab), interleukin inhibitors (ustekinumab, risankizumab), JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, upadacitinib), and immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate)... 34 patients were included in this analysis. Average bowel movements significantly decreased from 9.1 ± 4.4 to 2.2 ± 2.1 per day following AT, corresponding to a mean reduction of 6.9 ± 3.9, demonstrating a clinical response (p< 0.001). Most patients demonstrated symptomatic improvement or resolution of diarrhea and over 50% reported improvement in urgency and abdominal pain."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world effectiveness • Real-world evidence • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • CRP

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for rheumatoid arthritis after failure of biologic or targeted synthetic therapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "We found high-certainty evidence that nine therapies and moderate-certainty evidence that two therapies provide a clinically important benefit in improving disease activity compared to placebo for people with rheumatoid arthritis after failure of b/ts DMARD therapy. There was significant uncertainty surrounding treatment-related harms, with the evidence having been downgraded for serious or extremely serious imprecision. Pair-wise comparisons showed no significant differences among therapies, although the certainty of evidence was low. The lack of clarity regarding safety and comparative efficacy suggests that treatment decisions should be guided by individual patient characteristics and preferences."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Fatigue • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Oncology • Pain • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • IL6

Prevalence and Predictors of Poor Sleep Quality in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study (ACG 2026) - "AZA, azathioprine; 6-MP, 6-mercaptopurine; CZP, certolizumab pegol; HBI, Harvey-Bradshaw Index; IFX, infliximab; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RZB, risankizumab; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TOFA, tofacitinib; UPA, upadacitinib; UST, ustekinumab; VDZ, vedolizumab. A total of 215 patients (71.2% Crohnâs, 42.3% female, median age 30) completed the PSQI. Of these patients, 201 (93.5%) had classifiable IBD activity (69 Active, 132 Quiescent) and were included in the analysis. Poor sleep was noted in 62.3%, depression (HADS-D ⥠8) in 30.7% and anxiety (HADS-A ⥠8) in 35.2% of the entire cohort."

CNS Disorders • Crohn's disease • Depression • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Mood Disorders • Sleep Disorder

Post renal transplant myeloma--An experience from tertiary care hospital. (TTS 2026) - "Basiliximab induction was used in 3/4 cases; maintenance immunosuppression was predominantly cyclosporine/azathioprine/prednisolone (tacrolimus/mycophenolate/prednisolone in 1 case)...Therapies included thalidomide/prednisone, melphalan/prednisone, and bortezomib-based regimens, with local radiotherapy for skeletal disease in one patient... In this retrospective review, post renal transplant multiple myeloma was uncommon but associated with very short survival and fatal infection. Unexplained anemia with bone pain, fragility fractures, or lytic lesions in transplant recipients should prompt evaluation for plasma cell dyscrasia to facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment."

Clinical • Back Pain • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Multiple Myeloma • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Orthopedics • Plasmacytoma • Transplantation

S1P Receptor Modulation in J-Pouch Complications: Ozanimod Salvage Therapy for Refractory Cuffitis (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 41-year-old female with a 20-year history of highly refractory UC sequentially treated with multiple advanced therapies (mesalamine, budesonide, infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, azathioprine, ustekinumab, upadacitinib, and mirikizumab) without adequate response, necessitating a three-step IPAA. Figure: Figure 1: Pre-treatment pouchoscopy showing severe, ulcerated cuffitis. Figure: Figure 2: Post-treatment pouchoscopy showing complete mucosal healing after 5 months of ozanimod therapy, where random biopsies unmasked p16-positive AIN-3."

Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis

Age-Dependent Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Clinical Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Real-World Study (ACG 2026) - "Within each, GLP-1 RA users were propensity score matched 1:1 to non-users on gender; race/ethnicity (Hispanic, White, African-American, Asian, other); type 2 diabetes; Crohnâs disease; ulcerative colitis; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; ischemic heart disease; CKD; MASLD; obesity; insulin; SGLT2 inhibitors; prior hospitalization; and baseline IBD therapy including aminosalicylates (mesalamine, sulfasalazine), thiopurines/immunomodulators (azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate), anti-TNF agents (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, golimumab), vedolizumab, IL-12/23 and IL-23 inhibitors (ustekinumab, risankizumab), and JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, upadacitinib). Primary cohorts (vs non-users): 1,958 (18â45), 5,412 (45â65), 2,928 ( >65). GLP-1 RA use was associated with lower hospitalization, ED visits, and IV corticosteroid use across all cohorts (Table 1, Figure 1). The 45â65 cohort had the most comprehensive benefit: reduced all-cause..."

Clinical • Clinical data • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Coronary Artery Disease • Crohn's disease • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Nephrology • Obesity • Pancreatitis • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Ulcerative Colitis • IL12A • IL23A

Effectiveness of Sulfasalazine Therapy Following Mesalazine Treatment Failure in Children with Ulcerative Colitis. (PubMed, Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr) - "Relapse-free survival did not differ among mesalazine, sulfasalazine, and azathioprine treatments (p=0.182). Switching from mesalazine to sulfasalazine may be a viable therapeutic option for carefully selected children with mild to moderate UC, even after mesalazine treatment failure."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pediatrics • Ulcerative Colitis

IMPROVE-MC: Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Immunosuppression in Myocarditis or Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=100 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Medical University of Warsaw | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Heart Failure • Inflammation