hydroquinone / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

HX21 Scars of confinement: the dark history of tretinoin. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "In the article he states that complete depigmentation was reached by applying tretinoin 0.1%, hydroquinone 5.0%, dexamethasone 0.1% and hydrophilic ointment for 5-7 weeks. This was proposed as the treatment for melasma, ephelides and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Although Kligman made a significant contribution to the dermatology field as we know it today some of his methods were undoubtedly unethical and culminated in an apology from the City of Pennsylvania in 2022."

Journal • Acne Vulgaris • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Thermal Injury

CD04 Hydroquinone allergic contact dermatitis: widening the potential dangers of black henna tattoos. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "Public health campaigns warn of the dangers of black henna tattoos and caution those with a history of reactions to avoid use of permanent hair dyes. We propose that education for these patients should go further, with the additional advice to avoid use of hydroquinone products."

Journal • Allergy • Contact Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Immunology

BC06 Investigating the role of metformin in melasma management: a review. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "Combination treatments with topical agents, such as hydroquinone, retinoids and Kligman's formula, showed increased efficacy over both monotherapy and placebo treatments. Further large-scale, double-blinded trials are required to define optimal dosing, treatment duration and long-term efficacy. This review emphasizes the need for future research into repurposing systemic agents for dermatological conditions and highlights the importance of personalized patient care strategies in the management of melasma."

Journal • Review • Aesthetic Medicine • Dermatology • Dermatopathology

CRISPR/Cas13a-mediated photoelectrochemical-colorimetric dual-mode biosensor for RNA N-acetyltransferase 10 detection based on Bi2O2S/Ag2S and laccase-like nanozyme. (PubMed, Biosens Bioelectron) - "Based on the catalysis effect of laccase-mimetic nanocatalyst, its substrates (hydroquinone and 2,4-dichlorophenol) were oxidized to form p-benzoquinone and 2,4-dichloroquinone, respectively...Furthermore, molecular docking simulations were employed to explore the underlying inhibition mechanism. The developed biosensor not only provided a novel detection technique for NAT10, but also offers an alternative method for NAT10 inhibitor screening and a new tool for evaluating the ecotoxicological effects of organic pollutants."

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High-Performance n-Type Conducting Polymer-Based Supercapacitors with Enhanced Capacitance and Stability via Redox Additives. (PubMed, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces) - "Remarkably, even under an ultrahigh power density of 50,000 W kg-1, the device still delivers 5.6 Wh kg-1 of energy density, demonstrating exceptional high-power endurance. Similarly, other hydroquinone derivatives also improve rate capability and long-term stability, thereby mechanistically confirming the universality of this strategy for improving the performance of all-organic energy storage devices."

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Ethosome (ETHOSOMEPTT) Photothermal Therapy with Nd:YAG Laser (Pastelle Pro): A Novel Nanotechnology Approach for Treatment-resistant Melasma. (PubMed, Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open) - "A clinical example demonstrates its utility: a 42-year-old woman with persistent malar melasma spanning 6 years, who had undergone treatment with hydroquinone, oral tranexamic acid, and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with insufficient improvement, demonstrated a 68% reduction in Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index after 12 treatment sessions. The mechanism underlying ethosome photothermal therapy encompasses ethanol-mediated enhancement of stratum corneum permeability, targeted delivery via plasmonic nanoparticles, and controlled thermal effects on tissue structure. This methodology represents a potential advancement in melasma management, particularly for cases demonstrating limited response to conventional therapies."

Journal • Dermatology • Dermatopathology

Enhancing the energy density of phosphorus doped mesoporous carbon nitride using redox mediated gel-polymer electrolyte. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "In a three-electrode configuration, P-Mg-CN exhibited a specific capacitance of 134 F g-1 in 1 M H2SO4, which increased to 398 and 207 F g-1 in hydroquinone-based redox electrolytes, respectively, respectively, due to additional faradaic contributions from the I-/I3 - and hydroquinone/benzoquinone (HQ/BQ) redox couples...Furthermore, it retains 95.89% of its initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles. These results demonstrate that integrating redox-mediated gel electrolytes with heteroatom-doped carbon nitrides effectively increases the energy density of symmetric supercapacitors while maintaining long-term stability."

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Characterizing the Effect of pH and Molecular Structure on the Reactions of Catechol and Hydroquinone with Birnessite. (PubMed, Environ Sci Technol) - "The ortho positioning of hydroxyl groups in catechol facilitated more effective complexation and electron transfer to birnessite than the para configuration of hydroxyls in hydroquinone. This study provides valuable insights into the potential pathways of organo-mineral associations involving Mn-oxides and their role in (de)stabilizing SOM."

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3D-Printed PLA-Graphene-Silver Nanocomposite Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing of Multiple Analytes. (PubMed, Langmuir) - "We report a 3D-printed graphene-silver nanocomposite (Gr-Ag NC) electrode for selective electrochemical detection of multiple analytes such as dopamine, lead ions (Pb2+), hydroquinone, and catechol in environmental and clinical samples...Additionally, the electrode exhibited long-term stability over 60 days and showed robust intraday and interday reproducibility. This study offers a scalable and cost-effective system for development of electrochemical sensors for detection of multichemical species from environmental and clinical samples."

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Depigmentation Therapy of Refractory Facial Vitiligo Using 532-Nm Picosecond Laser: Two Case Reports and Literature Review. (PubMed, J Cosmet Dermatol) - "The 532-nm picosecond laser, followed by topical hydroquinone, appears to be an effective and well-tolerated approach for managing residual pigmentation in vitiligo. This reverse depigmentation strategy may serve as a valuable adjunct to enhance skin tone uniformity in selected patients."

Journal • Review • Dermatology • Immunology • Vitiligo

Thermodynamic Compensation of Surface Hydroxyl Moieties in Reduced Polyoxometalates Translates to Deviations in the Mechanism of Proton-coupled Electron Transfer. (PubMed, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl) - "Despite uniform driving forces for H-atom uptake, kinetic analysis with a variety of H-atom donors (5,10-dihydrophenazine, hydrazobenzene, and hydroquinones) reveals differences in rates of substrate oxidation, which are ascribed to disparate PCET mechanisms. Together, these findings show that substitution at the central heteroatom tunes the electron- and proton-transfer driving forces (ΔGPT and ΔGET) thereby dictating the operative PCET mechanism."

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Dual targeting of human and bacterial hyaluronidases by skincare bioactives: Mechanistic basis and functional evidence. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "A complementary mechanistic and functional analysis of these bioactives revealed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), rosmarinic acid (RA), retinol (ROL), ascorbic acid (AA), and hydroquinone (HQ) demonstrated relatively strong binding profiles to human and bacterial HAase, with favorable skin penetration and safety profiles...AA, EGCG, AzA, alpha-tocopherol (AT), and salicylic acid (SA) showed anti-hyaluronidase activity against C. acnes (ranging from 94.23 to 99.51 %). These findings on the anti-HAase activities of these compounds provide a foundation for cosmetic and therapeutic approaches."

Journal • Dermatitis • Inflammation

Transferability and Reproducibility of the HepaRG CometChip Assay. (PubMed, Environ Mol Mutagen) - "For 8 of 11 compounds, all four labs generated unanimous test results, with four negative compounds (2-acetylaminofluorene [2-AAF], 2,4-dichlorophenol, eugenol and hydroquinone) and four positive compounds (azidothymidine, benzo(a)pyrene [BP], cyclophosphamide [CP], ethyl methanesulfonate).For the remaining chemicals, three of four labs generated negative calls for amitrole, cadmium chloride, and DMBA. Taken together, for all compounds there was majority agreement in CometChip results across participating laboratories supporting that the endpoint is readily transferable to new labs. Overall, this platform is a promising human-relevant NAM, with a physiologically relevant detoxification process that could be incorporated into rodent replacement strategies."

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Safety and efficacy of niosomal and conventional tranexamic acid/niacinamide vs. hydroquinone creams in melasma: A randomized, double-blind, case-controlled clinical trial. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Niosomal or conventional TXA/NCA creams are as effective as HQ 4% cream and due to less serious adverse reactions they would be better choices than HQ-containing preparations in hyperpigmentary disorders. Clinical Trial Registration No.: IRCT20220609055116N1 (Approval date: 07/23/2023)."

Clinical • Journal • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Psychiatry

Evaluations of Quinone/Hydroquinone Couples Acting as Two Hydrogen Atoms Antioxidants, Radical Quenchers, and Hydrogen Atom Abstractors. (PubMed, Biomolecules) - "The dataset serves as a foundation for assessing and discussing the thermodynamic capabilities of hydroquinones acting as two-hydrogen-atoms antioxidants or radical quenchers, quinones and semiquinone radicals acting as hydrogen atoms abstractors, and quinone/hydroquinone couples acting as dehydrogenation and hydrogenation reagents. The fundamental thermodynamic knowledge is expected to further promote the broader application of quinone/hydroquinone couples in the field of chemical antioxidation and redox reactions."

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Emerging topical therapies for melasma: a comparative analysis of efficacy and safety. (PubMed, J Dermatolog Treat) - "Tranexamic acid and metformin showed similar MASI score improvements to triple-combination therapy with fewer adverse effects. Hydroquinone remains the gold-standard topical treatment despite its known side effects. Several alternative topical agents show promise and warrant further rigorous, large-scale clinical trials to establish their long-term safety and efficacy."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Aesthetic Medicine • Dermatology • Dermatopathology

Production of Organic Acids from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) via Electrochemical Synthesis. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Voltammetry characterizations showed three irreversible oxidation processes in the anodic wave during the first cycle, indicating that the first process involved the formation of the phenoxy radical, the second process the formation of hydroquinones and benzoquinones, and the third process the cleavage of the aromatic ring and the aliphatic chain to form the organic acids...From this route, a polymer was formed on the electrode surface, which limited the yield of organic acid synthesis. Finally, this research provides new insights in the field of electrochemistry, specifically in the synthesis of organic acids from CNSL as a renewable feedstock, with the novelty being the production of oxalic, propionic, citric, and malonic acids."

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Metabolomic Based Insight Reveals a few Metabolites at Various Germination Stages of Black Rice, Demonstrating Potential Efficacy Against Dementia and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions. (PubMed, Appl Biochem Biotechnol) - "Among the compounds identified in the black rice extract, benzene-1,2,4-triol, pyrogallol, hydroquinone, and phloroglucinol* (reported for the first time) exhibited superior activity than the standard drug galantamine. Furthermore, the combination of these authentic compounds with the standard drug (galantamine) showed promising results in reducing the complications associated with the synthetic drug in both in vitro and in silico studies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Dementia

Development of borated mesoporous zirconia nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of hydroquinone diacetate. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The heterogeneous nature of the catalyst facilitated its easy recovery and reuse, reducing waste generation and operational costs. The results of this study highlight the potential of borated mesoporous zirconia as a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally benign catalyst for organic synthesis, offering significant advantages in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries."

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The choline chloride/hydroquinone carboxylic acid-based DES as a novel catalyst for the green synthesis of dihydrochromeno[4,3-d]pyrimidinediones. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Then, it was subsequently employed as an efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable catalytic system for the synthesis of dihydrochromeno [4,3-d]pyrimidinediones via the three-component condensation reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes, and urea at 60 °C under solvent-free conditions. This green protocol offers high yields, short reaction times, and catalyst reusability."

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Ion pairing enhances hydroquinone stability toward oxygen in aqueous electrochemical carbon dioxide capture. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "Among the cations tested, tetraethylammonium provides the most favorable balance, supporting efficient capture and release cycle with 87 % Coulombic efficiency and an energy cost of 157 kilojoules per mole of carbon dioxide from a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen. These findings illustrate how molecular design combined with electrolyte engineering can improve the durability of aqueous quinone-based electrochemical carbon capture systems and may inform the development of more robust and energy-efficient approaches for sustainable carbon management."

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Changing Skin: The Prevalence, Impact, and Risks of Skin Bleaching Among African Women. (PubMed, J Racial Ethn Health Disparities) - "Also, the health implications of skin bleaching are a result of harmful agents such as mercury, glutathione, hydroquinone, kojic acid, and other harmful toxins that lead to severe dermatological and systemic health issues...The review concludes by emphasizing the need for a multi-faceted approach to tackle the practice of skin bleaching, advocating for stronger regulations, increased public awareness, and a shift towards embracing diverse standards of beauty. Through this comprehensive analysis, the paper aims to shed light on the urgent need to address the widespread and damaging practice of skin bleaching among African women."

Journal • Review

A Methyl-Substituted Spiro-Hydroquinone Exerts Antiplatelet Activity by Blocking Mitochondrial Function In Vitro. (PubMed, ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci) - "Notably, the shortest molecule, SD3A, inhibits mitochondrial function and acts selectively on collagen-mediated activation, resulting in reduced thrombus formation without affecting coagulation, thereby representing a low risk of bleeding in vitro. These results identify ortho-carbonylhydroquinone spiro derivatives, specifically SD3A, as a promising antiplatelet molecule, demonstrating an optimal combination of low cytotoxicity and pathway-selective activity against collagen."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Thrombosis

A multicolor colorimetric aptasensor for visual detection of quinclorac based on G-quadruplex DNAzyme-mediated gold nanobipyramid growth. (PubMed, Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc) - "These complexes subsequently facilitated the G4 DNAzyme-catalyzed oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ)...These results indicate that it is a reliable and promising method for the rapid screening of QNC residues in environmental and food samples. Furthermore, this work provides a valuable reference strategy for transforming G4 DNAzyme-based colorimetric aptasensors into multicolor analytical platforms."

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Prediction of the Aqueous Redox Properties of Functionalized Quinones Using a New QM/MM Variational Formulation. (PubMed, J Chem Theory Comput) - "Finally, the redox potentials of a selection of benzoquinone/hydroquinone couples are computed after geometry optimizations. The predictions are in good agreement with the QM calculation using a continuum solvent model and with experimental data."

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