clozapine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Association of duffy antigen receptor for chemokines with clinical conditions: A scoping review (ASH 2025) - "We excluded papers which looked at ACKR1 and delay in chemotherapy or treatments, clozapine use and ACKR1 with association with resistance to Plasmodium Vivax... We found conflicting evidence on the association between ACKR1 and cancer, infection, cardiovascular and sickle cell disease outcomes. There is likely a complex relationship between the social identity of race, environmental exposures, African genetic ancestry and ACKR1. To our knowledge, this is the first scoping review on this topic."

Clinical • Review • Breast Cancer • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia • CNS Disorders • Colorectal Cancer • Dermatology • Endometrial Cancer • Genetic Disorders • Genito-urinary Cancer • Hematological Malignancies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Leukemia • Lupus • Multiple Myeloma • Prostate Cancer • Psoriasis • Rare Diseases • Sickle Cell Disease • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck • ACKR1

Population pharmacokinetic analysis for simultaneous fit of clozapine and norclozapine concentrations in adult psychiatric patients. (PubMed, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry) - "The developed population pharmacokinetic model describes the simultaneous disposition of CLZ and NCLZ in adult psychiatric patients, accounting for impact of patient and co-therapy factors. In addition to the well-established effects of sex and smoking status on CLZ pharmacokinetics, the model characterizes the significant impact of VPA co-therapy, primarily on NCLZ disposition."

Journal • PK/PD data • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Second-generation antipsychotics - Cardiac ion channel modulation and QT interval disturbances: A review. (PubMed, Biomol Biomed) - "A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, without year restrictions, focusing on English-language experimental and clinical studies related to clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone. Notably, the observed variability in the ratio of half-maximal inhibitory concentration to maximum free plasma concentration (IC₅₀/Cmax,free) reflects its dependence on both the degree of hERG inhibition and the pharmacokinetic properties specific to each SGA. Additionally, several SGAs affect other potassium, sodium, and calcium currents, which may either mitigate or exacerbate the consequences of IKr inhibition. In conclusion, QT interval prolongation associated with SGAs is primarily driven by hERG potassium channel blockade, although the degree of this effect varies significantly among different agents. This variability highlights the necessity for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and..."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Perceptions, Use, and Barriers of Clozapine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in the United States: A Multidisciplinary Survey Study. (PubMed, Ther Drug Monit) - "These data provide insights into clozapine TDM perception, availability, TaT, and barriers. Further research is required to assess whether a faster TaT and more frequent clozapine TDM positively influence patient outcomes from a safety and effectiveness perspective."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Disproportionality and time-to-onset analyses of drug-induced weight gain using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. (PubMed, Drug Discov Ther) - "Pregabalin showed the earliest median onset at 19 days (early failure), followed by olanzapine and risperidone at 1-2 months, pioglitazone at 2 months, and clozapine at 6 months, all classified as random failure types. These findings underscore the need for careful weight monitoring during treatment, particularly early with pregabalin and long-term with clozapine and pioglitazone. Prospective studies are warranted to clarify causal relationships and clinical implications."

Adverse events • Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

Activation of infralimbic cortex neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens shell suppresses discriminative stimulus-triggered relapse to cocaine seeking in rats. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "These findings highlight the distinct influence of DSs on relapse and support the IL→NAc shell circuit as a promising target for relapse prevention."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole attenuates social withdrawal and memory impairments induced by Blockade of the NMDA receptor in the rat. (PubMed, Psychopharmacology (Berl)) - "The present results indicate that 7-NI is sensitive to glutamate blockade since it decreased behavioural impairments resembling the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. Moreover, these findings corroborate the potential of 7-NI as an adjunctive molecule for the medication of schizophrenia."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • NOS1

Semaglutide and Early-Stage Metabolic Abnormalities in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (PubMed, JAMA Psychiatry) - P4 | "To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive semaglutide on glycemic control, weight-associated outcomes, and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders receiving clozapine or olanzapine and exhibiting early glycemic abnormalities. These findings support the use of GLP-1RAs as a potential early intervention strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in this vulnerable population. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04892199."

Clinical • Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Effect of Semaglutide With Lifestyle Intervention on the Physical Health of Patients Treated With Antipsychotic Drugs in a Secure Mental Health Setting: Protocol for an Uncontrolled Pretest-Posttest Pilot Mixed Methods Study. (PubMed, JMIR Res Protoc) - "Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is a common side effect of antipsychotic drug treatment, particularly with second-generation medications such as clozapine and olanzapine. Implementation changes that could improve the acceptability of and adherence to the intervention will be explored. This research should be beneficial for patients with severe mental illness who are living with obesity and are residing in a secure setting as the findings may ultimately reduce the mortality risk in this patient group."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

Electroconvulsive Therapy Under Mechanical Ventilation for Catatonia-associated Respiratory Failure. (PubMed, J ECT) - "We report the case of a male patient in his 30s with schizophrenia who developed severe catatonia following discontinuation of clozapine...During this time, the catatonia improved with high-dose lorazepam and midazolam; however, a spontaneous awakening trial (SAT) revealed that the catatonic symptoms had rapidly recurred following a reduction in the sedative dosage...Rather than delaying ECT because of its medical conditions, the treatments, including mechanical ventilation to protect the airway, should be carefully coordinated to enable the safe administration of ECT. Furthermore, SAT can serve as a valuable clinical tool for determining the appropriate timing and the need for ECT in catatonic patients under mechanical ventilation."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases • Schizophrenia

Design and Antischizophrenic Studies of 1,3-disubstituted Chalcone Derivatives: In-silico Molecular Docking Approach. (PubMed, Trop Life Sci Res) - "The compounds were evaluated to have higher docking scores between -8.3 to -9.5 compared to clozapine with a docking score of -8.8 when docked against dopaminergic D2 receptor. In addition, the compounds have close binding scores (-6.0 to -6.6) compared to clozapine (-6.7) when docked against N-Methyl-D-aspartic Acid (NMDA) receptor, suggesting their use as potential antischizophrenic agents."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Clozapine (and norclozapine) concentrations are correlated with functioning, disability and side-effects when patients are treated with clozapine without the availability of therapeutic drug monitoring: A study of treatment-resistant schizophrenia inpatients. (PubMed, Biomed Rep) - "DBS-based monitoring may offer a valuable alternative for optimizing treatment. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the clinical utility of (nor) clozapine level-guided care in such settings."

Adverse events • Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Case Report: Metabolic, inflammatory, and neurological improvements after a ketogenic diet in a woman with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome. (PubMed, Front Psychiatry) - "These results are congruent with emerging data suggesting various health benefits of KD for people with schizophrenia, and we report for the first time its impact in TRS with long-term use of antipsychotic medications (clozapine, olanzapine) that contribute to metabolic syndrome, parkinsonian-like symptoms, and cardiac risk. We also suggest that well-controlled clinical trials longer than 5 weeks and with consistent ketosis are needed. Additionally, lower calories or a higher ratio of fat to combined protein and carbohydrate may be necessary to maintain ketosis for individuals with metabolic dysfunction who are taking antipsychotic medication."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Dopaminergic tone inhibits spontaneous glutamate release and augments homeostatic synaptic plasticity. (PubMed, Mol Psychiatry) - "Notably, chronic antagonism of both D1 and D2 receptors using selective antagonists, as well as long-term treatment with first- and second-generation antipsychotics haloperidol, chlorpromazine, olanzapine, clozapine, and aripiprazole, promoted robust synaptic upscaling. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of action for antipsychotic medications and suggest that antipsychotics do not solely act on counteracting hyperdopaminergia, but also tune glutamatergic neurotransmission by activating homeostatic plasticity mechanisms."

Journal • CNS Disorders

Consultation-Liaison Case Conference: Stimulant-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia. (PubMed, J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry) - "We discuss treatment strategies, including VMAT2 inhibitors (e.g., valbenazine), antipsychotic switches (e.g., clozapine, quetiapine), and adjunctive therapies (e.g., vitamin E). The report advocates vigilant monitoring, early intervention, and individualized approaches for TD in high-risk patients."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry

Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine and Norclozapine and the Effect of Pantoprazole (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=33 | Completed | Sponsor: Universiti Sains Malaysia

New P1 trial

Incidence and demographic patterns of neutropenia in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia: A 20-year retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, J Natl Med Assoc) - "Neutropenia is uncommon in most adult clozapine-treated patients, supporting the relative hematologic safety of broader use in TRS. Findings suggest that monitoring protocols could be revised to reflect actual risk, potentially improving clozapine access and reducing treatment disparities."

Journal • Retrospective data • Agranulocytosis • CNS Disorders • Granulocytopenia • Hematological Disorders • Neutropenia • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Integrating Bioinformatics Analysis with RT-qPCR Experimental Validation to Investigate Immune Cell and Telomere-Related Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. (PubMed, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis) - "In addition, a total of 6 TFs such as ELF3, and 2 miRNAs, such as miR-206, were linked to ALDH2 and HNMT, and clozapine was the drug that had been found to be associated with both ALDH2 and HNMT...A nomogram model constructed based on biomarkers was employed for the clinical auxiliary diagnosis of COPD. This study provided new scientific evidence for improving the diagnostic process and individualized treatment strategies for COPD."

Biomarker • Journal • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • ALDH2 • ELF3 • MIR206

Evolving Trends and Drug Class Dynamics in Drug-Induced Myocarditis: A 2-Decade Comparative Analysis of Pharmacovigilance Data. (PubMed, J Am Heart Assoc) - "Integrated analysis of multinational pharmacovigilance data enhances real-time risk detection and underscores the need for precision surveillance strategies targeting high-risk therapies and vulnerable populations."

Adverse events • Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Inflammation

The effect of age on the clinical presentation and treatment of women with psychosis: secondary analysis of the IMPaCT Randomised Clinical Trial. (PubMed, BJPsych Open) - "Women aged above 40 showed worse psychotic symptoms than younger women. This difference seems diagnosis-specific and may be influenced by antipsychotics metabolism. Further longitudinal data are needed considering the menopause transition."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry

Immune and Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 Dysregulation in Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Case-Control Study in a Brazilian Cohort with Ultra-Treatment Resistance. (PubMed, Schizophr Bull) - "These findings reveal a distinct immune-epigenetic signature associated with treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Immune activation, Th17 signaling, and LINE-1 dysregulation may underlie the UTRS phenotype. Given the limited sample size and post hoc power analysis, the results should be regarded as exploratory and hypothesis-generating, warranting replication in larger cohorts."

IO biomarker • Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • IFNB1 • IL17A • IL1B • IL23A • IL33 • IL4 • IL6 • MMP3 • TLR4

Alcohol use, daily smoking, clozapine use and psychiatric symptom profile in persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. (PubMed, Nord J Psychiatry) - "Symptom profiles and severity differed according to alcohol use or smoking. The possible explanations for the role of clozapine are discussed."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Joint detection of risk for psychotic disorders or bipolar disorders in clinical practice in the UK: development and validation of a clinical prediction model. (PubMed, Lancet Psychiatry) - "This study shows that the transdiagnostic clinical prediction model can identify patients at risk of developing psychotic disorders or bipolar disorders and displayed excellent performance. Such a novel approach would enable systematic early detection of young people at risk of psychotic disorders or bipolar disorders, advancing preventive care in real-world clinical practice."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Preventive care • Psychiatry

Prescription Drugs Subject to a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy: Patient Perspectives on Risk Communication and the Value of Educational Materials. (PubMed, Drug Saf) - "Gaps in patients' and caregivers' understanding of REMS programs and drug risks highlight the merits of reviewing communication materials and strategies. Clear, concise, and comprehensive educational documents could promote understanding and adherence to REMS requirements."

Journal • Infectious Disease

A systematic review and pharmacovigilance analysis of the risk of agranulocytosis associated with metamizole use. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The reporting odds ratio (ROR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) showed a higher likelihood of reporting agranulocytosis with metamizole compared to clozapine (ROR: 5.50, 95% CI 5.18-5.82), sulfasalazine (ROR: 7.31, 95% CI 6.58-8.14), penicillamine (ROR: 34.4, 95% CI 11.70-167.89), and NSAIDs (ROR: 41.7, 95% CI 38.24-45.52). Our results confirm an increased likelihood of reporting agranulocytosis with metamizole. Given this risk and the availability of safer, effective alternatives, further research is needed."

Adverse events • Journal • Agranulocytosis • Granulocytopenia • Pain