clozapine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Carbon Materials in Voltammetry: An Overview of Versatile Platforms for Antidepressant Drug Detection. (PubMed, Micromachines (Basel)) - "Moreover, the combination of voltammetric approaches with the unique characteristics of carbon and its derivatives has led to the development of powerful electrochemical sensing tools for detecting antidepressant drugs, which are highly desirable in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, carbon-based materials, such as glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond, and a wide spectrum of carbon nanoparticles, including graphene, graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were described in terms of the sensing performance of agomelatine, alprazolam, amitriptyline, aripiprazole, carbamazepine, citalopram, clomipramine, clozapine, clonazepam, desipramine, desvenlafaxine, doxepin, duloxetine, flunitrazepam, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, nifedipine, olanzapine, opipramol, paroxetine, quetiapine, serotonin, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trazodone, venlafaxine,..."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Personality Disorder • Psychiatry

Fabricating Oral Disintegrating Tablets Without Disintegrant Using Powder-Based 3D Printing. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - " This study focused on using powder-based 3D printing to fabricate clozapine-based ODTs...Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a porous structure in 3D-printed tablets, with a porosity of 48.97% (over two times higher than that of compressed tablets as determined by mercury injection meter). Collectively, this finding demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating highly hydrophilic and non-distensible ODTs without disintegrants using powder-based 3D printing."

Journal

Clozapine blunts mitochondrial biogenesis in differentiating adipocytes: The increased ATP demand is met via stimulation of electron transport chain expression and activity in residual mitochondria. (PubMed, Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res) - "Moreover, residual mitochondria appeared remarkably enlarged and functional, with dense and organized cristae and uniform electron density. Thus, early adipocytes differentiated with or without CLZ meet the increased ATP demand by switching from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, respectively via enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and increased activity of residual mitochondria."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Liposarcoma • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • TXN2

The glucose receptor Adgrl1 is a Novel Regulator of Leptin and Insulin Function (ENDO 2025) - "Three weeks later, we administered clozapine N-oxide (CNO) to activate Adgrl1VMH neurons and measured insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance...This information may be useful in establishing the molecular basis of leptin and insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and in developing strategies to treat these metabolic diseases.*. .*"

Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Leptin Receptor Deficiency Obesity • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • LEP • LEPR

Unmasking a Rare Adverse Event: Olanzapine-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient (ENDO 2025) - "Olanzapine represents 36% of the associated antipsychotics, followed by aripiprazole at 24%, risperidone at 24%, clozapine at 12%, and quetiapine at 4%. Clinicians should closely monitor susceptible patients, considering the continuation of SGA treatment alongside proper diabetes management or screening protocols for metabolic complications.*. .*"

Adverse events • Clinical • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Epilepsy • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Rare Diseases • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Ziprasidone-associated Diabetic Ketoacidosis (ENDO 2025) - "SGAs are linked to weight gain, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, most commonly associated with olanzapine and clozapine (Pillinger et al., 2020; Guenette et al., 2013). Proposed long-term mechanisms for development of DKA include metabolism dysregulation, insulin signaling impairment, intrinsic pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, immune modulation, and increased counter-regulatory hormones (Bae et al., 2024). Ziprasidone's receptor antagonism of 5-HT2A, 5-HT1D, D2, and agonism of 5-HT1a may contribute to development of metabolic syndrome (Goodnick, 2001).In the absence of metabolic syndrome, SGAs may still induce acute hyperglycemia, especially within 6 months of initiation (Bae et al., 2024)."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Hypertension • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Cabergoline Induced Psychosis in a Patient with Macroprolactinoma (ENDO 2025) - "He was started on cabergoline 1 mg twice weekly, levothyroxine 100 mcg daily, and hydrocortisone (20 mg in the morning and 10 mg in the evening)...The patient was treated with Valproate and Quetiapine...Discontinuing cabergoline typically leads to symptom resolution, though atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, aripiprazole) and mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium, valproate) have been used to manage symptoms in some cases2...*. .*"

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hypotension • Immunology • Mental Retardation • Nephrology • Oncology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Vertigo • DRD2

Oral Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Medications: A Case/Noncase Analysis of EudraVigilance Data. (PubMed, Oral Dis) - "Antipsychotics significantly affect oral health, highlighting the need for preventive dental care and interventions to reduce these effects and improve patient well-being."

Adverse events • Journal • CNS Disorders • Dental Disorders • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Xerostomia

Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in chronic HCV: an integrated analysis of patients on concomitant opioids, antipsychotics and cardiovascular medications (EASL 2025) - "While the effect of G/P on the exposures of these concomitant medications is expected to be small, herein we analyze the safety and tolerability of a subset of concomitant medications including antipsychotics (aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone, paliperidone, lurasidone, clozapine), cardiovascular agents (statins, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, hypertensives) and opioids (fentanyl, oxycodone and hydrocodone). This integrated pooled analysis demonstrated that G/P when concomitantly administered with medications such as those belonging to the antipsychotic (aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone, paliperidone, lurasidone, clozapine), cardiovascular (statins, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, hypertensives) and opioid class, was safe, well tolerated, and demonstrated high efficacy and adherence."

Clinical • Breast Cancer • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Fibrosis • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

The dosage-dependent effects of cevimeline in preventing clozapine-induced dyslipidaemia in female rats. (PubMed, Pharmacol Biochem Behav) - "Clozapine also significantly increased the liver mass, LDL, and HDL level, which were reversed by the co-treatment with cevimeline at all tested dosages. These results support further clinical trials to evaluate cevimeline's potential in controlling clozapine-induced dyslipidemia."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Dyslipidemia • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Antipsychotic-like pharmacological profile of the low impact ampakine CX691 (farampator): Implications for the use of low impact ampakines in the treatment of schizophrenia. (PubMed, J Psychiatr Res) - "CX691 is more potent than well characterized high impact ampakines CX614 and CX546 and low impact ampakine CX516 in abrogating amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity in Sprague Dawley rats. Low-dose CX691 synergistically reduces methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity when paired with approved antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine...In contrast to haloperidol, CX691 is devoid of cataleptic activity at supratherapeutic doses in rats. CX691 enhances performance in the eight-arm radial maze, a spatial task that assesses hippocampal function, an activity of potential value for ameliorating cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Taken together, these findings illustrate that low impact ampakines with improved potency might be useful therapeutic interventions in schizophrenic patients when given alone or as adjuncts to ongoing traditional antipsychotic drug therapies."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Alzheimer's Disease • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Therapeutic Reference Range for Clozapine Plasma Levels in Parkinson's Disease or Dementia: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis. (PubMed, Pharmacopsychiatry) - "Clozapine blood levels above 193 ng/mL were associated with poor tolerability (SROC area-under-curve 0.6, sensitivity 39.7%, specificity 79.9%).One of four patients with PD and/or dementia treated with clozapine did not tolerate clozapine well, which was associated with a trend toward elevated clozapine concentrations. Monitoring drug levels may help to improve tolerability in these patients."

Journal • Retrospective data • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Characterization of the white matter networks in schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing risperidone or clozapine treatment. (PubMed, Front Neurosci) - "Specific changes in the structure of the white matter network accompanying cognitive deficits were observed in MetS-SZ patients. These results offer new insight into the mechanisms underlying the neural network in schizophrenia patients with MetS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Is clozapine use a risk of hematological malignancies? Insights from a meta-analysis "Clozapine and Malignancy Risk". (PubMed, Psychiatry Clin Neurosci) - No abstract available

Journal • Retrospective data • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Oncology

Assessment of treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients treated with clozapine at amanuel mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Treatment with clozapine resulted in significant improvement in clinical and functional outcomes of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, as well as in tardive dyskinesia. Higher literacy level and severity of illness at onset of treatment showed significant associations with outcome. Clozapine is an atypical or second generation antipsychotic first used in the 1960s. It was withdrawn at first after its use was associated with a number of deaths due to agranulocytosis in Finland in 1975 [1,2]. In 1988 a landmark study demonstrated that the medicine was helpful to patients with schizophrenia who were unresponsive to other medications. Clozapine was then reintroduced into clinical use [3]. Since then, clozapine has been shown to be the only medicine which reduced suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Clozapine is now the medicine of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia [1]. The antipsychotic efficacy and the complete absence of..."

Journal • Retrospective data • Agranulocytosis • CNS Disorders • Granulocytopenia • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

The Role of Microglial Exosomes in Clozapine Treatment: Effect on Cognition in Schizophrenia. (PubMed, J Neuroimmune Pharmacol) - "This review focuses on the proposition that alterations in microglial exosome composition, particularly miRNAs, are involved in mediating clozapine's diverse effects on cognition by influencing brain macrostructure. This review aims to highlight new directions for future research that could lead to more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches in the management of schizophrenia."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders. (PubMed, Psychol Med) - "Genetic risks for sleep and diurnal preference vary between non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, and the general population. The findings in this study emphasize the heterogeneity in genetic etiology of the objective features of disease severity and the more subjective measures related to well-being and self-reported measures of sleep."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Sleep Disorder

Exploring the bidirectional causal relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia using Mendelian randomization. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "Bidirectional MR analysis confirmed a causal relationship between ASD and SCZ (IVW: scz2018clozuk (Clozapine UK), OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21, P = .003; scz2019asi, OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.23, P = .002). Our study demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between SCZ and ASD in the European population, suggesting that each may induce the onset of the other."

Causal relationship • Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Semaglutide Plus Metformin Versus Metformin Alone For Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (PubMed, Psychiatr Q) - "Subjects were identified by use of antipsychotic (quetiapine, risperidone, paliperidone, olanzapine, clozapine) with concomitant use of monotherapy or combination therapy. Among T2DM patients on antipsychotics, more patients in the combination group achieved weight loss ≥ 5% within the study period compared to metformin monotherapy. Future research should account for non-diabetic patients, assess lifestyle factors, and exclude other psychotropic medications that may affect weight."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Case of Clozapine Induced Mania-Like Symptoms in the Treatment of Schizophrenia. (PubMed, Psychopharmacol Bull) - "The patient had trialed multiple antipsychotics prior to the current hospitalization, with the exception of clozapine. To our knowledge, this is the second case report of manic-like symptoms that may be secondary to clozapine."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Clozapine for Quetiapine-Refractory Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: A Long-Term Single-Center Retrospective Study. (PubMed, Parkinsons Dis) - "Side effects including agranulocytosis are manageable in the majority of cases. Clozapine treatment should not be delayed if other measures against PDPsy prove ineffective."

Journal • Retrospective data • Agranulocytosis • CNS Disorders • Depression • Granulocytopenia • Major Depressive Disorder • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

The synthetic TRPML1 agonist ML-SA1 mitigates intracellular lipid accumulation induced by antipsychotics in vitro by stimulating release of extracellular microvesicles. (PubMed, Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids) - "We show that ML-SA1 increased the secretion of EVs, thus reducing lipid overload and lysosomal size in cells treated with clozapine or risperidone. Treatment with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM prevented decreased intracellular lipid accumulation and increased ceramide levels and secretion of EVs, indicating that intracellular Ca2+ mediated the effects of the TRPML1 agonist ML-SA1. These results show the potential of TRPML1 activation to alleviate pathological conditions characterized by accumulation of undigested substrates and overloaded dysfunctional endolysosomes."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders

Bugs Bugging the Body and the Brain: A Case of a Bed Bug Infestation Progressing to Delusions of Parasitosis Treated With Clozapine. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Treatment involved the consistent administration of clozapine and valproic acid, with dosage adjustments and close monitoring by a psychiatric team. Notably, clozapine's successful role in this case is unique, as delusional parasitosis is typically treated with second-generation atypical antipsychotics."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Restless Legs Syndrome • Schizophrenia

Incorporating Real -World Treatment Data Into Clozapine's Product Label. (PubMed, J Clin Psychopharmacol) - No abstract available

Journal

Severity of autism-related symptoms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: associations with cognitive performance, psychosocial functioning, and neurological soft signs - Clinical evidence and ROC analysis. (PubMed, J Psychiatr Res) - "This severe condition is often overlooked, despite the existence of guidelines, with an average delay of 4-9 years before the introduction of clozapine, the gold standard treatment...Autism-related symptoms were found to predict significant variance in motor coordination, verbal fluency, functional ability and soft neurological signs. These results suggest that autism-related symptoms in schizophrenia may define a distinct subgroup with unique neurobiological characteristics."

Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia