lamivudine/zidovudine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Viral suppression and associated factors after enhanced adherence counseling among people living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads at tertiary and first-level health facilities in Zambia: A retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, PLOS Glob Public Health) - "Participants on tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir were 29% more likely to suppress compared to those on zidovudine/lamivudine/dolutegravir. Other key factors influencing suppression were community-based delivery and prior six-month MMD. Findings highlight opportunities to integrate technology-enhanced adherence support and differentiated service delivery models to optimize HIV care outcomes."

Journal • Retrospective data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Management of HIV-related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: insights from metagenomic next-generation diagnosis and pembrolizumab-lenalidomide therapy, a case report (EACS 2025) - "The individual received intensified cART (dolutegravir, lamivudine, zidovudine, albuvirtide), a 21-day course of lenalidomide (25 mg/day), and four pembrolizumab infusions (100 mg/dose). This case emphasizes the diagnostic value of brain tissue mNGS for PML when CSF testing is inconclusive. The pembrolizumab-lenalidomide regimen showed tolerability and potential efficacy in restoring anti-JCV immunity, supported by improved clinical outcomes and immune markers. However, long-term benefits and mechanisms require validation in larger cohorts."

Case report • Clinical • IO biomarker • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4 • CXCL8 • IL6

Checkpoint-Dependent Sensitivities to Nucleoside Analogues Uncover Specific Patterns of Genomic Instability. (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol) - "We found that the mutations in the DNA replication checkpoint cause unique sensitivity profiles towards chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogues (gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, cytarabine) and the non-clinical analogue bromodeoxyuridine. Antiretroviral compounds, zidovudine and lamivudine, did not alter cell growth...Thus, pairing nucleoside analogue use with personal genomics may inform drug choice, dose, and schedule. Finally, these data indicate that resistance may be predictable, informing clinical strategy."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • CHEK2

Confronting Dual Therapeutic Hurdles in Advanced HIV: A Case Report on INSTIs Resistance and Talaromyces marneffei Coinfection. (PubMed, Int Med Case Rep J) - "Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was switched from elvitegravir to zidovudine, lamivudine, dolutegravir, and albuvirtide. Antifungal therapy adjusted from voriconazole to itraconazole...This case emphasizes genotype resistance testing-guided ART modification and rigorous opportunistic infection management in drug-resistant HIV patients. Coordinated care and timely interventions can enhance the outcomes in high-risk cases."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

HIV resistance to dolutegravir varies with co-administered agents. (PubMed, Clin Infect Dis) - "Multivariable analysis of 183 viremic (≥200c/mL) participants from four cohorts (N=660 participants) found dolutegravir-resistance in 21 (11.5%). Dolutegravir-resistance was greater with dolutegravir+lamivudine+zidovudine/(one on stavudine) (OR=19.4, 95%CI 5.1-74.3) or dolutegravir+lamivudine+abacavir (OR=5.4, 95%CI 1.1-25.8), compared to dolutegravir+lamivudine+tenofovir."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Research on the Psychological Status of Patients With HIV-1 Infection (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=500 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Shanxi Bethune Hospital

New trial • CNS Disorders • Depression • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Prenatal Antiretroviral Exposure and Concomitant Neurodevelopmental Problems among 5-year-old Children who are HIV-Exposed and Uninfected. (PubMed, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr) - "Prenatal exposure to TDF/emtricitabine/atazanavir was associated with factor scores reflecting parent-reported behavioral concerns among CHEU whose mothers initiated ARVs during pregnancy."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Postnatal prophylaxis and the use of presumptive HIV therapy for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Canada 1997-2020. (PubMed, J Int AIDS Soc) - "PHT has been widely used in Canada in situations at high risk of VT, with 25% of newborns in this risk group receiving PHT as PNP. While PHT may reduce the risk of VT in high-risk situations and may be of benefit in cases of VT, these data also highlight ongoing gaps in perinatal HIV prevention in Canada."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

VBA and R to Automate Health Economic Model Programming (ISPOR 2025) - "The second model compared the cost-effectiveness of combination therapy (lamivudine and zidovudine) with zidovudine alone in a four-state HIV/AIDS model... Utilizing the generator was relatively fast, straightforward, and intuitive. This way of programming decreases risk of a human error while being fully deterministic, increasing confidence in the produced results without the need for repeated testing. While AI may surpass this approach in the coming years, for now the generator can serve as a viable compromise between manual model programming and its automation."

HEOR • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics

Prevalence of detectable viral load and its associated factors among adult patients receiving ART in Choma District, Zambia. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Detectable VL and virological failure were prevalent among adults receiving ART for ≥ 12 months and were significantly associated with sociodemographic and clinical factors. There is a need for targeted interventions, especially among young people and males to accelerate the attaining of the last 95 of the UNAIDS target; which is imperative in the prevention of HIV transmission. Qualitative research which aims to get an in-depth understanding of why men and young people do not attain optimal viral suppression is encouraged."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Resistance to Dolutegravir in Treatment-experienced Patients in South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr) - "Over 60% of patients with prior treatment experience who had been on dolutegravir-based ART for over two years and experienced virologic failure had intermediate or high level dolutegravir resistance. This suggests that criteria for GART used are too stringent, which has resource implications in programmatic settings where access to resistance testing for individual management is limited."

Journal • Retrospective data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Investigating the role of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in modulating lipotoxicity: Effects on lipid dynamics stress pathways, and insulin resistance on the function of dopaminergic neurons. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "To address this issue, our study investigated the impact of NRTIs, specifically lamivudine and zidovudine, on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in the SH-SY5Y dopaminergic neuronal cell line. Lamivudine also amplified the phosphorylation level of ERK. These findings suggest that NRTIs may contribute to lipotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons, warranting further investigation into their long-term effects on the central nervous system."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • FABP4 • IRS1

Cost-effectiveness of viral load testing for transitioning antiretroviral therapy-experienced children to dolutegravir in South Africa: a modelling analysis. (PubMed, Lancet Glob Health) - "For programmes transitioning to dolutegravir-based regimens, our model predicted that doing so would be more effective and less costly than continuing current ART regimens, regardless of NRTI choice. Whether viral load testing for children with HIV is necessary to inform NRTI choice depends substantially on the comparative outcomes of abacavir and zidovudine after switching to dolutegravir-containing ART."

Cost effectiveness • HEOR • Journal • Allergy • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Analysis of occupational accidents involving exposure to biological fluids in a Portuguese peripheral hospital: implementation and efficacy of post‐exposure prophylaxis (HIV-Glasgow 2024) - "From the total workers, 72% started PEP for HIV (63%: tenofovir/emtricitabine and raltegravir; 37%: zidovudine/lamivudine and raltegravir), with 4% needing to change antiretroviral therapy due to intolerance to adverse effects... OAs occurred predominantly among healthcare professionals, probably due to a combination of factors inherent to the hospital environment and the nature of their daily tasks. When necessary, implementing PEP, monitoring adherence to therapy and its adverse effects are crucial in preventing infections. In summary, OAs can have a significant impact on the worker, society and on the economy."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

A Systematical Review on ART Use in HTLV Infection: Clinical, Virological, and Immunological Outcomes. (PubMed, Pathogens) - "We retrieved data from eight methodologically diverse articles on treatment of patients infected by HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 alone, or coinfected by HIV-1, who received Raltegravir, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, or Zidovudine. Most studies showed disease stability during ART use, suggesting potential clinical benefits. There is a need of larger, well-controlled trials to define the role of ART in the treatment of HTLV infection."

Journal • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4 • CD69 • CD8 • IL2RA • ISG20 • TFRC

BEHIND THE CURVE: AN UNCOMMON CAUSE OF MALNUTRITION IN A 7-MONTH-OLD MALE (ESPID 2024) - "Triple therapy (lamivudine, zidovudine and raltegravir) was quickly initiated. Patient's mom and dad were both found to be positive. Learning Points/Discussion This case highlights the importance of considering HIV in patient with malnutrition and thrush, particularly outside of the newborn period."

Candidiasis • Cognitive Disorders • Cough • Hepatitis B • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Obstetrics • Respiratory Diseases • Rubella • CD4

HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase homology model provides structural basis for sensitivity to existing nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (PubMed, Virol J) - "Importantly, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor but not non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were predicted to bind the HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase, with similar affinity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. By strengthening the rationale for clinical testing of therapies such as tenofovir alafenamide, zidovudine, lamivudine, and azvudine for treatment of HTLV-1, this study has demonstrated the power of in silico structural biology approaches in drug design and therapeutic testing."

Journal • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology

The Influence of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Activity, Lipid Content, and Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein Levels in Microglial HMC3 Cells. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "In light of these considerations, our study aimed to investigate the impacts of two NRTIs, lamivudine and zidovudine, on lipid metabolism in HMC3 microglial cells...Notably, the total lipid concentration within the microglial cells markedly increased following NRTI administration with a 13% rise after treatment with 10 µM lamivudine and a remarkable 70% surge following the administration of 6 µM zidovudine. These results suggest that the prolonged administration of NRTIs may potentially lead to lipid accumulation, posing a significant risk to the delicate homeostasis of the neuronal system and potentially triggering a pro-inflammatory response in microglial cells."

Journal • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders

Learning from cerebrospinal fluid drug-resistant HIV escape-associated encephalitis: a case report. (PubMed, Virol J) - "CSF and plasma HIV RNA and further drug resistance tests should be monitored in HIV-infected patients with neurologic symptoms, as opportunistic infections or tumors can be ruled out. ART optimization using a sensitive regimen may be crucial for addressing CSF viral escape and the related encephalitis."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Pain

Bioequivalence and Pharmacokinetics Study of Two Zidovudine/Lamivudine Tablets in Chinese Healthy Volunteers. (PubMed, Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev) - "Thus, we confirmed that the 2 preparations were bioequivalent in healthy Chinese volunteers. Our analysis demonstrated that both products showed good tolerance in all subjects."

Journal • PK/PD data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Micronutrients and nutritional status among children living with HIV with and without severe acute malnutrition: IMPAACT P1092. (PubMed, BMC Nutr) - P4 | "Children with severe malnutrition who were initiated/switched to zidovudine/lamivudine/boosted lopinavir following 10 to 18 days of nutritional rehabilitation showed normal baseline levels of selenium and zinc, and had comparable selenium levels after 48 weeks. There was a strong positive correlation in entry and week 48 selenium levels within each cohort and for zinc in the non-SAM cohort. These data support the current WHO recommended approach to management of severe malnutrition in CLHIV who are initiated on combination antiretroviral treatment."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Early treatment failure of Lenacapavir in a HIV-2 positive patient (EACS 2023) - "Salvage-ART started with Lenacapavir s.c. and twice daily Dolutegravir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine. We started Lenacapavir as the only new component. Successful trough levels for LEN were reached fast. We saw a profound increase up to 1.2 Mio at Day 40."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Early treatment failure of Lenacapavir in a HIV-2 positive patient (EACS 2023) - "Salvage-ART started with Lenacapavir s.c. and twice daily Dolutegravir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine. We started Lenacapavir as the only new component. Successful trough levels for LEN were reached fast. We saw a profound increase up to 1.2 Mio at Day 40."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Contribution of Dolutegravir to Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=10 | Completed | Sponsor: Augusta University | Recruiting ➔ Completed | N=30 ➔ 10 | Trial completion date: Jan 2022 ➔ Feb 2023

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Trial completion date • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Lipodystrophy • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

A Phase 2 Study of Lamivudine in Patients With p53 Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=36 | Completed | Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 ➔ Sep 2022

Metastases • Trial completion • Trial completion date • Colon Cancer • Colorectal Adenocarcinoma • Colorectal Cancer • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • TP53