sodium tungstate (OXO-001) / Oxolife - LARVOL DELTA

Sodium tungstate promotes vascularization to support beta cell replacement in diabetes. (PubMed, EMBO Mol Med) - "Importantly, the pro-angiogenic effects of NaW occur independently of exogenous endothelial cell supplementation, relying solely on the host's endogenous endothelial cells. These findings position NaW, and potentially other phosphatase inhibitors, as promising adjuncts to improve vascularization, survival, and therapeutic efficacy in clinical cell-based transplantation protocols for diabetes."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Transplantation • PTPN1

Sequential cascade of pyranose 2-oxidase and sodium tungstate for selective sulfoxidation of thioethers. (PubMed, Org Biomol Chem) - "Under an oxygen atmosphere, using D-glucose as the substrate and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor, this system relies on the sequential cascade of pyranose 2-oxidase (P2OX) and sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na2WO4·2H2O) to accomplish selective thioether oxidation under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. It provides a sustainable, robust and operationally simple route for sulfoxide synthesis."

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Influence of Hydrothermal Temperature on Structure and Optical Response of Ammonium Tungsten Bronze toward Advanced NIR Shielding. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "In the first stage, tungsten trioxide (WO3) was obtained hydrothermally from sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na2WO4·2H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)...When the synthesis temperature was raised to 130-150 °C, the hexagonal NH4WO3 phase became evident, its crystallinity improved, and WO3 reflection progressively diminished. The resulting AWO showed strong infrared attenuation, supporting its potential use as a broad-rang NIR-shielding material."

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Hybrid tungstate-functionalized nitrogen-doped rice husk biochar for selective dual adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "In this study, a tungstate-modified rice husk biochar composite (WRHB) was engineered through the synergistic integration of K2CO3 activation, nitrogen heteroatom doping, and sodium tungstate functionalization...The sorbent demonstrated high regenerability using dilute mineral acids and maintained strong decolorization efficiency (≈85%) in real textile wastewater. The combined structural tunability, dual-dye functionality, and operational stability position WRHB as a scalable and application-oriented platform for dye-contaminated wastewater remediation."

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Aqueous Na2WO4/H2O2: an efficient tunable catalytic medium for selective oxidation of β-naphthol to diverse products. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "The aqueous-phase oxidation of β-naphthol 1 with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na2WO4) and various basic or acidic reagents demonstrated remarkable condition-dependent product selectivity...At the same time, the operations were quite simple and capable of being processed at higher scales, as demonstrated for ten-gram synthesis of Lawsone 2. In all reactions, the catalyst could be successfully recycled and reused efficiently in the next reactions, while products are obtained directly without the need for cumbersome and costly chromatographic operations."

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Differential Responses in Wedelia trilobata and Wedelia chinensis Under Light Stress: Roles of Abscisic Acid and Sodium Tungstate. (PubMed, Plants (Basel)) - "Correlation analysis further revealed that W. trilobata maintains a superior capacity to coordinate stomatal regulation and antioxidant defense through ABA signaling. These findings suggest that the invasive success of W. trilobata in fluctuating light environments is significantly driven by its high sensitivity and efficiency in ABA-mediated physiological plasticity, providing a potential target for managing its spread through hormonal or metabolic interference."

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H2O2-GA3-Na2WO4 Synergistically Promotes Germination of Immature Winter Wheat Grains for Speed Breeding. (PubMed, Plants (Basel)) - "By screening individual and combined treatments of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 1%), gibberellin (GA3, 20 μM), and varying concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate (Na2WO4), alongside transcriptome analysis, we identified the optimal reagent combination and gained preliminary insight into its molecular basis...This optimized reagent combination significantly improves immature grain germination, shortens the breeding cycle, and provides a practical tool for achieving "five generations per year" speed breeding in winter wheat. Our findings contribute to seed biology by offering a chemical strategy to overcome dormancy in immature cereal grains."

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Oral Reference Doses (RfDs) for Sodium Tungstate Dihydrate. (PubMed, Regul Toxicol Pharmacol) - "Furthermore, based on this NTP (2021) study, ST is judged to have either "suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential" or perhaps is "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans." However, in either case, a linear dose-response assessment is deemed unreasonable based on EPA (2005) guidance. Based on the derived chronic RfD for tungsten, the regional screening levels (RSLs) for children in residential soil and tap water are estimated to be 780 mg/kg and 200 μg/L, respectively."

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Detection and Quantification of Dysprosium in Plant Tissues. (PubMed, Plant Direct) - "By incorporating sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) as a fluorescence enhancer, we achieved robust emission intensities at 480 and 580 nm, facilitating Dy quantification in complex plant matrices...Greenhouse trials confirmed the method's utility for screening Dy accumulation in living plants and highlighted the potential for rapid stand-off detection. This fluorescence-based approach offers a scalable, efficient tool for identifying Dy-accumulating plants and advances phytomining as a sustainable strategy for REE recovery."

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One-Step Preparation of High-Purity Sodium Tungstate from Wolframite via Alkali Fusion and the Mechanism of Impurity Directional Migration. (PubMed, Materials (Basel)) - "Furthermore, impurity elements such as Fe and Mn were preferentially retained in stable silicate/oxide phases within the slag, contributing to the high purity of the sodium tungstate product. This method offers a simplified and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes, with significant implications for the efficient utilization of complex tungsten resources."

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Intestinal oxygen and microbiota crosstalk: implications for pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases and emerging therapeutic strategies. (PubMed, Gut Pathog) - "Compounds like sodium tungstate inhibit microbial respiratory pathways, while PPAR-γ agonists enhance mitochondrial efficiency in colonic epithelial cells, thereby restoring proper hypoxia...We evaluate the potential for IO modulation to improve gut microbiota structure and explore its impact on microbial metabolism and disease pathogenesis. Additionally, we discuss the promise of dietary, probiotic, and pharmacological interventions in restoring the host's control over the IO microenvironment and microbiota, aiming to prevent and treat related diseases."

Journal • Review • Colorectal Cancer • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Ulcerative Colitis

Tungsten residues in prefilled syringes promote monoclonal antibody aggregation and charge heterogeneity. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Biopharm) - "This study systematically evaluates the effect of tungsten-derived from syringe needle pin extracts and commercial tungsten salts (sodium tungstate, sodium metatungstate)-on the stability of three therapeutic mAbs under accelerated conditions (40 °C, light)...Computational modeling suggests that mAb-2's heightened sensitivity might correlate with solvent-exposed asparagine residues. Collectively, our data highlight the imperative for tight tungsten control during PFS manufacture and antibody-specific stability assessments to mitigate risks to product quality."

Heterogeneity • Journal

Study on Loading of Na2WO4 and Silanization Treatment on Surface of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings with Different Structures. (PubMed, Materials (Basel)) - "Secondly, sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) was loaded into the micropores and onto the surface of the PEO coatings via vacuum impregnation, and which were subsequently subjected to silanization treatment...After immersion in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 240 h, the composite coating formed at 350 V remains intact, and its low-frequency impedance modulus;Z|0.01Hz is as high as 1.06 × 106 cm2. This value is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of the composite coating fabricated at 400 V and about three orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure PEO coating prepared at 350 V."

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Enrichment of Calditenuis and Gearchaeales from Great Boiling Springs, Nevada (ASM Microbe 2025) - "Additionally, it was found that a synthetic medium supplemented with 200 nM sodium tungstate in a synthetic medium allowed for growth of these microbes without added spring water, which will better allow for growth under defined conditions. Further experiments using shotgun metagenome sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes specific for Calditenuis will be used to confirm this level of enrichment."

Ti-Supported Oxide Coatings Based on MWO4 (M = Fe, Co, Ni): Plasma Electrolytic Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Properties in S, N-Heterocycles Peroxide Oxidation. (PubMed, Molecules) - "In this study, catalytically active coatings on titanium were synthesized by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in aqueous electrolytes based on sodium tungstate with the addition of sodium phosphate or sodium borate and chelate complexes of iron, cobalt or nickel...Replacing phosphate with borate in the electrolyte resulted in the preparation of catalysts with enhanced stability and activity. In contrast to PWM catalysts, the BWNi catalyst had selectivity toward the oxidation of pyridine in its mixture with thiophene."

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Regulation of lignan biosynthesis through signaling pathways mediated by H2O2 in Linum album cell culture in response to exogenous putrescine. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Besides, pre-treatment of cells with AG, imidazole, ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (Ca2+ chelator), Nɷ-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and Sodium tungstate (TUN) (NO generation inhibitors) diminished PAL and PLR transcript levels and PTOX and 6MPTOX accumulation, indicating the involvement of H2O2, NO, and Ca2+ in regulating lignan biosynthesis in L. album cells. Put also stimulated salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, being sensitive to all inhibitors used. Overall, this study suggests that Put-induced H2O2 generation in combination with NO and Ca2+ signals can regulate PAL and PLR genes expression and lignan production, likely in a SA-dependent manner."

Journal • Preclinical

Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Sodium Tungstate (OXO-001) in Healthy Female Volunteers of Childbearing Age: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose-Finding, and Placebo-Controlled Phase I Study. (PubMed, Int J Fertil Steril) - "The administration of OXO-001 in volunteers of childbearing age was safe and well tolerated, with consistent PK linear profile within doses studied and without detrimental effect on endometrium or ovary-related variables, with similar effects in healthy weight and overweight participants. The maximum studied dose (300 mg/ day) was safe and well tolerated. These data are sufficient to support further clinical trials (registration number: 2016-001276-30)."

Clinical • Journal • P1 data • PK/PD data • Obesity

Giant Polyoxometalate {W72Fe30} into Pure Inorganic Gel and Xerogel: Rheology and Proton Conduction. (PubMed, Chempluschem) - "Polyoxometalate (POM) gel is well-known but mostly with organic molecules.  Pure inorganic POM gel, i.e., a combination of a 'POM anion and a metal cation', is hardly known and unexplored area of materials research.  When an aqueous solution of sodium tungstate is mixed with an aqueous solution of ferric chloride, the resulting suspension forms a straw-color hydrogel...Interestingly, the title xerogel {W72Fe30}XG, which is nothing but an inorganic acid and an inexpensive metal-oxide-based material, exhibits proton conduction in its solid state. The xerogel material shows super proton conductivity of 1.71×10-2 S cm-1 at 80 ⁰C and 98% relative humidity with an activation energy (Ea) of 0.18 eV."

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Improved Corrosive Resistance of Micro-Arc-Oxidation Coating on 6063 Aluminum Alloy by Co-Doping with Graphite and Sodium Tungstate. (PubMed, Materials (Basel)) - "The film containing 6 g of Na2WO4 and 10 mL of graphene oxide dispersion (G10-6) exhibited optimal densification and thickness, with an Icorr value of 3.01 × 10-6 A·cm-2 and a low-frequency impedance film value of 108 Ω·cm2, thereby demonstrating the most advanced corrosion resistance among the films. The densification and corrosion resistance of the films were enhanced by the incorporation of Na2WO4 and graphene oxide dispersion into the alkaline electrolyte."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Dietary manipulation of intestinal microbes prolongs survival in a mouse model of Hirschsprung disease. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "Detrimental diet fed sl/sl also had aberrant-appearing mitochondria in distal colon epithelium, with elevated epithelial oxygen that drives lethal Enterobacteriaceae overgrowth via aerobic respiration. Elimination of Enterobacteriaceae with antibiotics or sodium tungstate improves survival of Piebald lethal fed the "Detrimental diet"."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Rare Diseases • Septic Shock

Operando Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Support Interactions and Mechanisms of Salt-Assisted WS2 Growth. (PubMed, Chem Mater) - "We employ operando scanning electron microscopy to resolve the entire process of salt-assisted CVD of WS2, focusing on a model system of individual, small (20 μm) monolayer WS2 formation does not involve the salt droplet directly attached to the growth facets, rather the salt droplet drives WS2 layer growth in the contiguous halo interface region with a continuous supply of W. We compare this to SiO2 and NaOH treated sapphire where corrosive surface roughening dictates the salt wetting, and critically discuss our findings in the context of the connected wider literature."

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Study on the Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of Ti/Ti-W-O Coating Photoelectrodes Prepared by the Microarc Oxidation Method. (PubMed, Langmuir) - "In this study, the corrosion-resistant Ti/Ti-W-O ceramic coatings are prepared by changing the concentration of additives, microarc oxidation voltage, pulse frequency, and time using titanium alloy (TC4) as the substrate and sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) as the main additive via the microarc oxidation (MAO) method...In addition, the optimized Ti/Ti-W-O composite photoelectrode coupled with 304 stainless steel showed the largest negative shift in corrosion potential (447 mV vs) and improved degradation efficiency of the dyeing wastewater (improved by ∼20%). The above results demonstrate that the composite electrodes in this study exhibit good performance in photocathodic protection and photovoltaic synergy."

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Study on Synergistically Improving Corrosion Resistance of Microarc Oxidation Coating on Magnesium Alloy by Loading of Sodium Tungstate and Silane Treatment. (PubMed, Materials (Basel)) - "When the impregnation concentration of sodium tungstate is 0.1 mol/L or above, the MAO coating with sodium tungstate can be completely sealed. When the impregnation concentration of sodium tungstate is 0.125 mol/L, M-0.125W-SG composite coating has the best corrosion resistance, and its impedance modulus value can be maintained at 8.06 × 106 Ω·cm2 after soaking in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 144 h, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than those of MAO coating and M-0.125W and M-SG composite coatings."

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Involvement of nitrate reductase in nitric oxide generation and in the induction of acclimation responses to phosphorus restriction in soybean plants. (PubMed, Plant Sci) - "The treatment of plants with L-NAME (a known inhibitor of NOS) did not markedly affect NO levels, while the inhibition of NR activity with sodium tungstate (W) reduced NO-related DAF-FM fluorescence...Treatment of P starved plants with W reduced NR activity as well as the magnitude of the acclimation responses studied. Overall, the data here presented suggest a role for NR as NO source, influencing the signaling pathways leading to early acclimation responses following P-deprivation in soybean plants."

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Red emitting fluorescence sensor based on Eu-tungstate complex for the detection of bilirubin in biological fluid. (PubMed, Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc) - "The Eu-tungstate complex was synthesized by a straightforward one-pot procedure at ambient temperature, utilizing Europium chloride and Sodium tungstate as the precursors. The Eu-tungstate complex exhibited a very strong red emission and demonstrated excellent stability. The fluorescence of the Eu-tungstate complex in aqueous mediacan be turned off regularly by the gradual addition of bilirubin with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.27 μM and alimit of quantitative (LoQ) of 0.91 μM.Moreover, this sensing technology can be utilized to sense bilirubin in actual samples."

Journal • Hepatology