aztreonam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Shifts in Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus Influenzae in Children From Chongqing (2019-2024): Pre-, During, and Post-COVID-19. (PubMed, Infect Drug Resist) - "High resistance was found for ampicillin (79.05%), cefuroxime (58.95%), ampicillin-sulbactam (59.82%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (68.51%), azithromycin (49.67%), and cefixime (37.78%), while meropenem (0.48%), levofloxacin (0.11%), chloramphenicol (4.85%), ceftriaxone (0.62%), rifampicin (0.15%), tetracycline (5.55%), and cefepime (6.11%) showed low resistance. The COVID-19 pandemic affected resistance patterns: resistance to ampicillin, aztreonam, cefuroxime, amoxycillin-clavulanic, and ampicillin-sulbactam were higher before and after the COVID-19 pandemic than during it (p< 0.001)...The COVID-19 pandemic influenced infection patterns of specific age groups and resistance trends. Caution is required for commonly resistant antibiotics, and continuous resistance monitoring is necessary."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Iron and Manganese Azooxime Complexes as Anti-Microbial Agents Against Antibiotics Resistant Wild Bacteria From Hospital Drainage. (PubMed, J Cell Mol Med) - "The strains were treated with various broad-spectrum antibiotics, namely, Penicillin G, Oxacillin, Cephalothin, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Amoxyclav, Cefotaxime, Levofloxacin, Aztreonam, Imipenem, Amikacin, Ceftazidime, and found to be resistant against many of them, viz., Clindamycin, Ceftazidime, Erythromycin, Amoxyclav, and some others, thereby signifying that the molecular mechanism of action of the aforesaid complexes is multidimensional. These complexes were producing ROS in sufficient amounts that can cause lipid peroxidation, and subsequent damage to the bacterial cell membrane and translation machinery was found to be inhibited by RNA. Bacterial genomic DNA was also affected by the chelates, and this has been authenticated by the decreased genomic DNA concentration and presence of DNA debris on agarose gel electrophoresis of the DNA of bacterial cultures treated with the complexes."

Journal • CAT

Management of MDR/XDR severe infections in the critically ill. (PubMed, Curr Opin Crit Care) - "Optimal management of serious infections by MDR/XDR pathogens requires up-to-date knowledge of evolving treatment options and resistance mechanisms. Further high-quality clinical trials are needed to guide evidence-based therapy."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Determining minimal inhibitory concentrations and antibiotic susceptibility for Enterobacterales by flow cytometry using reactive oxygen species as a marker. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "MICs of amikacins, aztreonams, cephalosporins (with or without a lactamase inhibitor), carbapenems, levofloxacin, polymyxin B, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tigecycline were determined for six clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates using conventional microbroth dilution assays and using FCM assessments in parallel. Further optimisation and validation of this FCM assay with additional bacteria strains with varying antibiotic susceptibilities are warranted. Future studies include assessing other organisms and antibiotic pairs."

Biomarker • Journal

Inhaled antibiotics and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: Trying to solve the puzzle. (PubMed, Lung India) - "A PubMed search for "Inhaled antibiotics AND bronchiectasis" identified five inhaled antibiotics studied in randomised controlled trials (RCTs): aztreonam, tobramycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and colistin. Inhaled antibiotics may aid in eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa after first isolation in NCFB, but their role in acute exacerbations requires further research. There are no direct RCTs comparing different delivery systems, antibiotics, and regimens."

Journal • Bronchiectasis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Non‐Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Effect of Starting Inoculum and β-lactamase Retention on the Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam (I/R) and Aztreonam (ATM) plus I/R in Hollow Fiber Infection (HFIM) Studies of P. aeruginosa (PSA) (IDWeek 2025) - No abstract available

Infectious Disease

Practice Patterns and Clinical Outcomes of Standalone Avibactam with Aztreonam Compared to Ceftazidime-Avibactam with Aztreonam for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Retrospective Study (IDWeek 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical data • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease

Nacubactam (OP0595): a Novel Triple-Action Diazabicyclooctane in Combination with Cefepime or Aztreonam (IDWeek 2025) - No abstract available

Combination therapy • Infectious Disease

Phenotypic characterisation and prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in a tertiary care centre in Bihar India. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, BL-BLI combinations, and Aztreonam was high. Colistin resistance was observed in one isolate...Standardized phenotypic tests can guide therapy and infection control, especially in resource-limited settings. Research and development of new antibiotics are urgently needed to address this growing public health concern."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Investigation of carbapenemase-encoding genes in Burkholderia cepacia and Aeromonas sobria isolates from nosocomial infections in Iraqi patients. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Piperacillin, cefepime, and ceftriaxone showed antimicrobial resistance of 100%, followed by ceftazidime (97.3%), cefazolin (96%), and piperacillin/ tazobactam (94.6%). Intermediate resistance was reported with aztreonam (61.3%), meropenem (49.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (49.3%), gentamicin (46.6%), levofloxacin (44%), and ciprofloxacin (44%). It is important to note minocycline (40%), amikacin (40%) imipenem (36%) and tigecycline (34.6%), had the lowest resistance rates, hence their relatively higher efficacy against the tested isolates...Since the prevalence of carbapenemase producers is high, careful infection control measures, rapid diagnostics, and antimicrobial stewardship must be implemented by clinicians. It is necessary that combination therapy be guided and early detectable to ensure better outcomes and restrict resistance."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Thermal Injury

Beta-lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors-current developments (PubMed, Inn Med (Heidelb)) - "These included MRSA-active cephalosporins (ceftaroline and ceftobiprole), new, broadly effective combinations of beta-lactams with beta-lactamase inhibitors, and cefiderocol, a new siderophore cephalosporin that uses the bacteria's own iron uptake systems of gram-negative bacteria to better reach the site of action through the outer membrane.In addition to cefiderocol, the most important active ingredients or fixed combinations already available on the German market include ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, and aztreonam-avibactam. Imipenem-relebactam and meropenem-vaborbactam are also available; Cefepim-enmetazobactam was recently added...However, interesting new combinations, such as ceftibutene-avibactam for oral use, are in development. Such combinations could also enable the oral treatment of infections by some carbapenemase producers in the future."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Non-fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Study. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The NFGNB encountered in this study were A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and B. cepacia. P. aeruginosa was highly sensitive to aztreonam. B. cepacia and A. baumannii had maximum sensitivity for tigecycline. Future studies with bigger sample sizes must examine the pathogenic NFGNB causing LRTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Detection and Genomic Characteristics of NDM-19- and QnrS11-Producing O101:H5 Escherichia coli Strain Phylogroup A: ST167 from a Poultry Farm in Egypt. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "M2-13-1 is classified under ST167, serotype O101:H5, phylogroup A, and shows an MDR phenotype, having minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 64 mg/L for both meropenem and doripenem...M2-13-1 harbors genes that impart resistance to sulfonamides (sul1), trimethoprim (dfrA14), β-lactams (blaTEM-1B), aminoglycosides (aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aac(3)-IV, and aph(4)-Ia), tetracycline (tet(A)), and chloramphenicol (floR). It was susceptible to aztreonam, colistin, fosfomycin, and tigecycline...Plasmids of the IncX3 group and the insertion sequence (ISAba125) are critical vehicles for the dissemination of blaNDM and its related variants. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic report of a blaNDM-19/IncX3-carrying E. coli isolate of animal origin globally."

Journal

Ceftazidime-Avibactam Plus Aztreonam for the Treatment of Blood Stream Infection Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Resistant to All Beta-Lactame/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - " Treatment with CAZ-AVI + ATM or DCT may offer similar clinical outcomes for patients suffering from BSI caused by K. pneumoniae strains resistant to all available BL/BLIs. However, larger studies are required to confirm the findings."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Clinical Impact of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Critically Ill Patients: Are We Ready to Face the Challenge? (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "Six patients with invasive infection were treated with Cefiderocol and five with Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Aztreonam. In absence of early identification and appropriate treatment, patients may be at increased risk of colonization spread and potentially worse clinical outcomes. Early identification of the carbapenemase type is clinically relevant in critically ill patients with confirmed or suspected infection, as NDM production necessitates the use of specific agents for effective treatment."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease

Pharmacokinetics of Meropenem and Aztreonam After Intraperitoneal Administration Via Cycler-therapy in APD Patients Without Peritonitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=12 | Completed | Sponsor: Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology

New P2/3 trial • Chronic Kidney Disease • Renal Disease

The sustained benefits of gram-negative antimicrobial prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty: a 10-year retrospective analysis. (PubMed, Hip Int) - "The addition of gentamicin or aztreonam prior to THA reduces the incidence of GN-related PJIs. Increased nephrotoxicity rates were limited to the mildest form, usually associated with reversibility and favourable outcomes."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics • Renal Disease

Multidrug-resistant E. Coli in wastewater sources: a comparative study and identification of resistance hotspots. (PubMed, BMC Microbiol) - "Even though resistance was less in community wastewater than hospital wastewater, community outlets might be a source of spreading resistance. Furthermore, wastewater treatment might not be enough to eliminate resistant bacteria from the effluent; as a result, the effluent quality should be continuously monitored and evaluated."

Clinical • Journal

High transconjugation efficiency of fusion plasmid pNDM_KPC in carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii and its formation driven by IS26-mediated integration. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Synergy effect and bactericidal activity were observed on aztreonam plus ceftazidime/avibactam or meropenem/vaborbactam or imipenem/relebactam. Furthermore, we identify the IS26 element downstream of the intI site as a potential recombination hotspot driving plasmid fusion. These insights deepen our understanding of carbapenemase gene transmission and call for global attention to the fusion plasmid-mediated resistance spread."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Chicken Meat in a Selected Wet Market in Manila City, Philippines. (PubMed, Acta Med Philipp) - "High resistance rates were observed against ampicillin (92%), tetracycline (88%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83%), chloramphenicol (79%), ampicillin-sulbactam (75%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67%), fosfomycin (67%), and streptomycin (54%). The majority of the E. coli isolates were still susceptible to a wide range of selected antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), cefepime (100%), cefuroxime (96%), cefotaxime (96%), ceftazidime (96%), piperacillin-tazobactam (96%), aztreonam (96%), cefoxitin (92%), and nitrofurantoin (83%), among others...This study suggests that chickens in wet markets can potentially serve as reservoir hosts for drug-resistance genes, which could transfer to other bacteria and contaminate humans, animals, and the environment within the food production and supply chain. These findings emphasize the need for AMR surveillance and strategies to combat AMR in the Philippines through the One Health approach."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Genetic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Multicenter Study in Korea. (PubMed, Infect Chemother) - "Overall susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam was only 17.5%, and none of the carbapenemase-producing isolates were susceptible to it. All ST644 strains were also resistant to aztreonam."

Clinical • Journal

Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Meropenem, Ampicillin, Aztreonam and Ciprofloxacin in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Without Peritonitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=24 | Completed | Sponsor: Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology

New P2/3 trial

Effect of Mutations on the Evolution of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). (PubMed, Protein J) - "These can hydrolyze and inactivate a broad range of β-lactams, including third-generation cephalosporins, penicillin, and aztreonam and are known to be associated with various bacterial infections, ranging from uncomplicated urinary tract infections to life-threatening sepsis.Variation is the essential raw material of Darwinian evolution and the accumulation of mutations plays one of the most important roles in it...This review focuses on the understanding of different facades of mutational pathways that lead to the adaptive evolution of ESBL phenotype. The structural and mechanistic basis of the extension of the substrate spectrum by mutations are also discussed."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Septic Shock

Unveiling the Uncommon: Roseomonas gilardii Bacteremia in a 10-Month Infant Presenting With Febrile Seizure. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone-sulbactam, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The patient was successfully treated with ceftriaxone. Although the mortality rate associated with Roseomonas species infections is low, this report highlights the importance of microbiologicalawareness, accurate identification, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy in pediatric cases involving rare pathogens. This is particularly important in pediatric and immunocompetent patients, where timely and accurate identification of unusual pathogens can significantly influence clinical decisions and outcomes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics • Thrombocytopenia

Diversity and antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogens from a regional hospital in Rwanda. (PubMed, Afr Health Sci) - "Very high resistance frequencies (above 70%) were observed against amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole, trimethoprim, aztreonam and fosfomycin...Resistance to the potentiated penicillins, meropenem, cefoxitin and nitrofurantoin were less than 30%...High levels of resistance were observed for most antibiotics studied. For empirical treatment of community-acquired UTI in our setting, nitrofurantoin remains effective while ciprofloxacin is not."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia