acetazolamide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Diuretic strategies in acute heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. (PubMed, Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother) - "FC and SNB improve surrogates of response to FB in AHF. SNB is also connoted by WRF and may induce hypokalaemia. The endpoints of diuretic RCTs should be revised and harmonized."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

7814: From Collapse to Control: Rewriting OSA Treatment With Targeted Pharmacotherapy – Respiratory-Related Sleep Disorders Section (CHEST 2025) - "This session will explore the latest clinical data and mechanistic rationale behind a diverse group of agents, including terzepatide (weight loss/Pcrit), atomoxetine–oxybutynin (dilator muscle tone), pimavanserin and buspirone (arousal threshold), and acetazolamide (loop gain). Attendees will learn how to think beyond CPAP and match the right therapy to the right OSA phenotype."

CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

ACID-AZOLAMIDE: A CASE OF SEVERE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS EXACERBATED BY CHRONIC ACETAZOLAMIDE USE (CHEST 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Metabolic Disorders

Structural insights into Arylidenehydrazinyl Benzenesulfonamides as potent mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (PubMed, Future Med Chem) - "The compounds showed potent inhibition of MtCA 3 and hCA II, with moderate activity against MtCA 1 and hCA I. Notably, compounds 3e and 3f exhibited Ki values of 0.0931 µM and 0.0984 µM, respectively, surpassing acetazolamide (Ki = 0.104 µM)...Time-kill and cytotoxicity studies confirmed rapid bactericidal activity and low mammalian toxicity. These sulfonamide hydrazone derivatives demonstrate potent, selective MtCA inhibition, robust antimycobacterial efficacy, and favorable safety profiles, representing promising scaffolds for novel tuberculosis therapies with a novel mode of action."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Off-target binding of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat to carbonic anhydrase II and IX. (PubMed, Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun) - "Thermal shift assays using nanoDSF showed minimal stabilization of either CA by SAHA, in contrast to the potent CA inhibitor acetazolamide. These findings highlight potential off-target binding of SAHA to carbonic anhydrases, which may contribute to its clinical side effects. The results also suggest that hydroxamates may serve as a nonsulfonamide scaffold for novel CA inhibitors, although isoform selectivity remains a challenge."

Journal • Oncology • CA9

STOP-RGCD: Stop Retinal Ganglion Cell Dysfunction Study (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=28 | Terminated | Sponsor: University of Miami | N=500 ➔ 28 | Completed ➔ Terminated; No patients had abnormal PERG and could not be included in the first two arms from the baseline timepoint.

Enrollment change • Trial termination • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

Management of Expected Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Elevation During Prolonged Steep Trendelenburg Positioning: A Case Report and Literature Review. (PubMed, Cureus) - "In addition, a review of the existing literature on perioperative IOP management in glaucoma patients undergoing ST procedures was conducted. While prior reports have explored alternative pharmacologic interventions, this case highlights the successful use of acetazolamide as a prophylactic strategy for maintaining IOP control in a primary open-angle glaucoma patient."

Journal • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

Review of Acetazolamide and Novel Medical Paradigms for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment. (PubMed, Ear Nose Throat J) - "Topiramate, GLP-1RAs, and 11β-HSD1 inhibitors are promising adjuncts or alternatives to acetazolamide and should be further investigated as effective IIH treatments."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Otorhinolaryngology

Preoperative Acetazolamide (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=100 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Prisma Health-Upstate

New P4 trial • Gynecology • Pain

Reduction of carbonic anhydrase activity is associated with amelioration of obstructive sleep apnea. (PubMed, Sleep Breath) - "CA-inhibitory drugs reduced CA activity in whole blood suggesting a therapeutic role of CA inhibition in OSA. The findings also suggest that an activated CA system may constitute a pathophysiological mechanism in some forms of OSA."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel Sulfonamide Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes I/II and Acetylcholinesterase. (PubMed, J Biochem Mol Toxicol) - "Among the synthesized derivatives, compound 3 demonstrated the highest inhibitory effect against hCA I with an Ki of 49.45 ±  9.13 nM, exhibiting approximately 4.8-fold stronger inhibition than acetazolamide (AZA)...In the AChE inhibition assay, both compounds 3 and 2 showed superior activity over the reference drug tacrine (TAC), with Ki values of 148.67  ±  78.78 nM and 151.21  ±  11.78 nM, respectively, corresponding to 2.17-fold and 2.13-fold greater potency than TAC...These results emphasize the importance of present structural motifs for the various interactions. These findings support the rational design of multifunctional sulfonamides as promising scaffolds for the development of potent enzyme inhibitors targeting both CA and AChE-related pathologies."

Journal • Pain

Efficacy and safety of oral acetazolamide in patients with decompensated heart failure: hospital phase of open-label prospective randomized multicenter study ORION-A (ESC-WCC 2025) - "Patients of both groups received the same GDMT: SGLT2 inhibitors 73.2% vs. 76.3% (p=0.463), ACEi/ARB 62.7% vs. 60.4% (p=0.631), ARNI 22,6% vs 25,2% (p=0,439), beta-blockers 93.8% vs. 89.9% (p=0.372), MRA 89.5% vs. 88.4% (p=0.728), as well as diuretics, digoxin, statins, antiplatelet drugs/anticoagulants.The primary end-point has been reached in 83 (39.7%) patients in usual care group and in 82 (39.6%) patients in acetazolamide group (p=0.983). 6MWT results were 309.50 (282.50; 404.50) meters in usual care group vs. 300.00 (214.50; 347.00) meters in acetazolamide group (p=0.250).Conclusion. Oral acetazolamide administration additionally to GDMT was not associated with better compensation of HF probably due to the high rate of administration of SGLT2i and ARNI."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Effect of acetazolamide on obstructive sleep apnea in highlanders: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover trial (ERS 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Toward Semiautomated Analysis of Cerebrovascular Reserve: Enhancing Objective Comparisons Using 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT With Acetazolamide in Moyamoya. (PubMed, Neurosurgery) - "Although 99mTc-HMPAO remains a validated modality for CVR assessment, its interpretation is operator-dependent. The proposed semiautomated method offers high specificity and greater objectivity, supporting its integration into clinical workflows. Further multicenter validation is warranted."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Vascular Neurology

Optimizing decongestion with adding oral acetazolamide in acute heart failure : fact or myths? [WITHDRAWN] (ESC-WCC 2025) - No abstract available

Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Acetazolamide plus Atomoxetine Changed Chemosensitivity in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (ERS 2025) - No abstract available

Genetic Disorders • Obesity • Respiratory Diseases

Risk Reduction of Recurrent Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks with Postoperative Intracranial Pressure Management (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "There is no strong evidence to support the use of postoperative CSF pressure-reducing interventions in reducing the risk of recurrent lateral skull base sCSF leaks after repair."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension

HighCycle Study: Acetazolamide, High Altitude and Plasma Volume (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=270 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Centre d'Expertise sur l'Altitude EXALT

New P4 trial

A novel sulfamoylphenyl-dihydro-thiadiazole derivative as a dual EGFR and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for cancer therapy. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Compared to acetazolamide, compound 14 exhibited improved selectivity for cancer cells...In silico toxicological evaluations indicated a favorable safety profile, with low irritancy and acceptable rat oral LD₅₀ (15.81 mg/kg) and carcinogenic potency (TD₅₀ = 36.95). Compound 14's potent dual inhibition and selective cytotoxicity make it a promising candidate for further optimization and in vivo studies."

Journal • Oncology • EGFR

Anti-IgLON-5 disease presenting with axial dystonia and acetazolamide-responsive apnea. (PubMed, Clin Neurol Neurosurg) - "Treatment involved intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, and rituximab providing modest improvement in symptoms. While acetazolamide has long been used for the treatment of sleep-breathing-related disorder, this is the first known case of its effective use in anti-IgLON5-related central hypoventilation. Additionally, this case demonstrates that axial dystonia with painful and disabling anterocollis can be a prominent feature of this disease."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Pain • Respiratory Diseases

Effect of acetazolamide on 24-hour blood pressure in highlanders with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded (ERS 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

SDB: Sleep Disordered Breathing With Opioid Use (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=150 | Recruiting | Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Mar 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Dec 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • CNS Disorders • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Comparison between multiparametric arterial spin labeling and [15O]H2O positron emission tomography in patients with moyamoya disease. (PubMed, Magn Reson Med) - "The comprehensive use of MP-ASLDANTE parameters enables a detailed noninvasive evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with MMD and potentially allows for the detection of early stages of hemodynamic impairment in these patients."

Journal • Vascular Neurology

Acute corneal hydrops secondary to acquired syphilis. (PubMed, Eur J Ophthalmol) - "Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography revealed immense corneal edema with stunted vessels suggestive of acute hydrops.ResultsTopical moxifloxacin with oral doxycycline was administered along with oral acetazolamide. The patient's serology (VDRL) was positive with Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay positivity. Intramuscular benzathine penicillin injections (weekly; 3 injections) were given and subsequently, there was complete resolution with corneal scarring and restoration of vision to 20/60 in the left eye.ConclusionThis is the first case to illustrate acute hydrops as a presenting sign of ocular syphilis."

Journal • Cataract • Corneal Abrasion • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Keratitis • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pain

Treatment of central sleep apnea in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. (PubMed, J Clin Sleep Med) - "The following recommendations are intended as a guide for clinicians in choosing a specific treatment for adults with CSA. Each recommendation statement is assigned a strength ("Strong" or "Conditional"). A "Strong" recommendation (i.e., "We recommend…") is one that clinicians should follow under most circumstances. A "Conditional" recommendation (i.e., "We suggest …") is one that clinicians should offer to most patients if clinically appropriate. Some recommendations include remarks that provide additional context to guide clinicians with the implementation of this recommendation."

Clinical guideline • Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder