arsenic trioxide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Melphalan improves toxicity of arsenic trioxide in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells. (PubMed, Biochem Biophys Rep) - "Volcano plots revealed the overexpression of ABCG2 in MT-2 cells and acute and smoldering ATLL subtypes, and molecular docking indicated favorable affinity of melphalan with ABCG2. Current findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action of melphalan and highlight the importance of targeting drug transporters in improving chemotherapy efficacy in ATLL."

Journal • Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • ABCG2 • BMI1 • MYC • NFKB1

The Effect of Arsenic Trioxide and Its Combination with Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel on the Induction of Autophagy and Expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 Genes in AGS and MKN-45 Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. (PubMed, Adv Pharm Bull) - "The combination of two therapeutic agents represents a promising strategy for inducing autophagy and gene expression related to apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. This approach exerted a more substantial influence on cell apoptosis and necrosis than single-drug treatments, underscoring its potential as an effective therapeutic option."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastric Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • ANXA5 • BECN1

The cure for acute promyelocytic leukemia and China's contributions (PubMed, Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi) - "The discovery and clinical application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) have dramatically improved the prognosis of APL, increasing the 5-year overall survival rate from less than 35% to over 90%...Subsequently, several teams explored the use of oral arsenic (Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula or oral ATO solution) combined with ATRA to treat APL, which is of high cost-effectiveness and can be promoted in resource-restricted regions. This review systematically summarizes the key therapeutic breakthroughs in APL, elucidates the underlying scientific mechanisms and clinical significance, and identifies remaining challenges for optimizing disease management."

Journal • Review • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology

Arsenic trioxide could promote SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 protein degradation. (PubMed, J Gen Virol) - "Of note, STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 was found to be the E3 ligase responsible for the ubiquitination and degradation of NSP12 by ATO. In short, our findings provide a potential intervention to restrict virus replication and may broaden the scope of therapeutic application for ATO."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Targeted Protein Degradation

Arsenic compounds in cancer therapy: mechanistic insights and antitumor activity. (PubMed, Biochem Pharmacol) - "Currently, arsenic trioxide (ATO), a prominent arsenic-based therapeutic, is a first-line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) when combined with all-trans retinoic acid...Both inorganic and organic arsenic compounds exhibit anti-tumor effects through mechanisms such as promoting tumor cell differentiation, inhibiting angiogenesis, blocking oncogenic signaling pathways, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and causing cell cycle arrest. This review highlights the applications of arsenic compounds in cancer therapy, focusing on their diverse mechanisms of action and recent advances in their use against various malignancies."

Journal • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Investigation of the Effects of Arsenic Trioxide Combined with Deslorelin on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Jurkat Cells Based on Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway (PubMed, Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi) - "The combination of ATO and NCTD had a synergistic effect in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis in Jurkat cells, which may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway."

IO biomarker • Journal • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia • BAX • BCL2 • CCND1 • CDH1 • MYC

Glutathione S-transferase Theta 2 causes drug resistance by inhibiting arsenic trioxide-induced ferroptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (PubMed, Free Radic Biol Med) - "Our study identifies the NRF2-GSTT2-GPX4 ferroptosis regulatory axis, demonstrating that GSTT2 is a negative regulator of ATO-induced ferroptosis. Targeting this axis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming chemotherapy in PDAC."

Journal • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma • FTL • GPX4

Understanding the differentiation syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukemia: a comprehensive updated review. (PubMed, Invest New Drugs) - "In cases of severe DS, targeted anti-leukemic therapy should be halted. This review will cover the pathogenesis of DS, its clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, management approaches, and the importance of implementing prospective tracking in clinical trials."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Hypotension • Leukemia • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease

Comparison of induction with arsenic trioxide or chemotherapy in a real-world cohort of patients with high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia. (PubMed, Leukemia) - "Front-line treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) is superior to standard ATRA and chemotherapy (CHT) in patients with low-/intermediate-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The combination of ATRA and ATO was effective and safe in this large, real-world cohort of HR APL patients. The forthcoming results of the APOLLO trial (a direct comparison of ATRA-ATO with ATRA-CHT) might validate our present findings."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology

Improvement Effect of Shengxian Decoction on Cardiac Toxicity Induced by Arsenic Trioxide in Rats. (PubMed, J Ethnopharmacol) - "SXD may alleviate ATO-induced cardiotoxicity by mitigating oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, and programmed cell death, potentially through upregulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis."

IO biomarker • Journal • Preclinical • Acute Coronary Syndrome • Atherosclerosis • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Inflammation • BAX • BCL2 • CASP3 • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Dynamic Shielding of Arsenic-loaded Transferrin with Calcium Manganese Carbonate Potentiates Antitumor Effects via Self-enhanced Synergistic Therapy. (PubMed, Small Methods) - "Arsenic trioxide is a frontline drug for leukemia treatment; however, its successful application in solid tumors has not yet been fully achieved...The released manganese ions catalyze the conversion of H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals and effectively activate the cGAS-STING signaling pathway for tumor inhibition. Collectively, these findings reveal the potent antitumor effects of the biomineralized nanomedicine and pave the way for translating arsenic into solid tumor therapy via targeted delivery and synergistic therapy."

Journal • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Solid Tumor • NOX4

ROBUST MOUSE MODEL OF SECONDARY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA: REVEALING KEY ROLE OF TP53 MUTATIONS AND PERSISTENT STAT5 ACTIVATION. (EHA 2025) - "Pharmacological reactivation of mutant p53 (V272M) using Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) restored wild-type function, leading to the suppression of leukemic transformation... This treatment model opens the possibility to test on single cells, the changes in chromatin and gene expression during inhibition of blast proliferation and survival. Collectively, our study highlights the critical role of TP53 mutations in sAML pathogenesis and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeting both mutant p53 and STAT5 signaling to mitigate disease progression in hematological malignancies."

Preclinical • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Myeloproliferative Neoplasm • Oncology • JAK2 • STAT5 • STAT5AWqe • TP53

THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA DIAGNOSED DURING PREGNANCY (EHA 2025) - "The efficiency and toxicity of induction therapy during pregnancy or in the early postpartum period in all variants of acute leukemia are comparable with those in non-pregnant women. Pregnancy at the debut of AML is an unfavorable risk factor, which can be eliminated by performing allo-HSCT in CR1. The adverse prognosis factors were more frequent in pregnant ALL patients, but this factors did not have a reliable effect on survival rates."

Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • KMT2A

TARGETING METABOLIC ALTERATIONS IN PML::RARα+ MYELOID CELLS TO OVERCOME RESISTANCE AND RELAPSE IN ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. (EHA 2025) - "Although therapies based on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) have made APL one of the most curable AML subtypes, approximately 1% of cases are resistant, and 5% relapse...This metabolic dependency increased sensitivity to the combination of VTX-269 and azacitidine (VTX-AZA), suggesting a potential targeted therapy for resistant or relapsed APL. Our findings highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming in APL, emphasizing the role of fatty acid metabolism and OXPHOS in disease pathophysiology. These results provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies that exploit APL's metabolic vulnerabilities, offering promising avenues for improved treatment outcomes in resistant and relapsed cases."

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • CD34 • CD36 • RARA • SCARB1

VENETOCLAX INDUCES MITOCHONDRIAL APOPTOSIS AND AUTOPHAGY TO OVERCOME ARSENIC TRIOXIDE RESISTANCE IN ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (EHA 2025) - "Taken together, these findings suggest that venetoclax overcomes ATO resistance by reducing mitochondrial respiration and promoting autophagy."

IO biomarker • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • BCL2 • BECN1 • LAMP1 • PML

MANNITOL AND ARSENIC TRIOXIDE COMBINATION THERAPY IMPROVES PROGNOSIS IN ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM RELAPSE (EHA 2025) - "This regimen achieves high initial remission rates in APL patients with CNS relapse, though morphological recurrence and non-first-line use are significant risk factors for failure. Mannitol-enhanced arsenic penetration across the blood-brain barrier offers a promising strategy to improve CNS-directed therapy and long-term outcomes.(Sponsored by the Shanghai Yangfan Special Project:22YF1425400)"

Clinical • Combination therapy • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology

A RANDOMIZED, OPEN LABEL, SINGLE-DOSE, 4-PERIOD, 4-TREATMENT CROSS-OVER STUDY TO EVALUATE THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF ORAL ARSENIC TRIOXIDE SOLUTION (SDK001) AND TO COMPARE TO INTRAVENOUS ARSENIC TRIOXIDE (EHA 2025) - "Approximately 12 patients will be enrolled in this study and randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to one of the four treatment sequences with a 7-day washout between periods (Table 1). The primary end-points include: AUCinf of AsIII for the comparison of SDK001 versus i.v.-ATO under fasted condition; Cmax and AUCinf of AsIII, for the comparison of SDK001 under fasted condition versus fed condition; Cmax and AUCinf of AsIII, for the comparison of SDK001 with or without calcium product under fasted state.Table 1 Sequence 1 2 3 4 N 3 3 3 3 Period 1 A B C D Period 2 B D A C Period 3 C A D B Period 4 D C B A A: 0.15 mg/kg i.v.-ATO, fasted; B: 0.15 mg/kg SDK001 fasted; C: 0.15 mg/kg SDK001 fed; D: 0.15 mg/kg SDK001 with 1 g calcium carbonate tablet, fasted."

Clinical • PK/PD data • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • PML

CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IN A REAL-WORLD SETTING (EHA 2025) - "The most used treatment regimen was the PETHEMA 2017 protocol (45.4%), consisting of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO)... A high percentage of patients achieved CR during induction, with relapses being rare but associated with high mortality. The lack of statistical association between OS and factors such as age, functional status, and risk stratification is likely due to the limited sample size."

Clinical • Clinical data • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Ischemic stroke • Leukemia • Oncology • Septic Shock • PML • PRAM1 • RARA

DO APL PATIENTS TREATED WITH ATO+ATRA ACHIEVE A NORMAL LIFE EXPECTANCY? INSIGHTS FROM THE LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF THE GIMEMA APL0406 STUDY (EHA 2025) - "Background: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) has undergone a paradigm shift in treatment with the introduction of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), leading to high remission and survival rates. These findings suggest that APL patients achieving remission with ATO+ATRA may experience long-term survival comparable to that of the general population. Given that this is the first study to explore this question, further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up is warranted to confirm these observations and refine mortality risk estimates."

Clinical • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology

OUTCOME FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IN RUSSIA AND BELARUS TREATED ON THE APL 2003/2008 PROTO?OLS (EHA 2025) - "This protocols were based on the use of combination of ATRA in the dose of 25mg/m2 and anthracycline/ Ara-C based chemotherapy in induction and 2 blocks of consolidation and 1,5 years maintenance with 6-MP, MTX and ATRA. The decreasing of early death rates is key to improving APL treatment results in children in Russia and Belarus. The new APL protocol base on the use of ATRA and Arsenic trioxide ± Anthracyclines will start in 2025."

Clinical • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Pediatrics

COMPARISON OF EARLY DEATH PREDICTIVE MODELS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (EHA 2025) - "While APL is highly treatable with modern therapies like all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), early death remains a significant concern, primarily due to hemorrhage, differentiation syndrome (DS), and infections... Our data indicate that advanced age, high baseline WBC, low PLT count were independent prognostic factors associated with ED in APL. The Sanz risk score, Lou score, and Österroos score demonstrated efficacy in identification of patients at high risk for ED, and the Lou score model has shown better predictive accuracy. Future research should focus on integrating these models into a unified framework to improve early death prediction and optimize treatment strategies during induction in APL patients."

Predictive model • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Oncology • PML • RARA

THE EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF LOW-DOSE VENETOCLAX AS A PROPHYLAXIS FOR DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME IN THE INDUCTION REGIMEN OF ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (EHA 2025) - "Background: Owing to the induction regimen of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has become the only type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that can be cured without haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT)... Our study underlined the effective low-dose venetoclax as a prophylaxis of DS during the induction therapy of ATRA and ATO, reducing the early death. No death was observed and the requirement of blood products also get alleviate. Randomized controlled trials with more enrolled patients are needed to be conducted to demonstrate tthe efficiency and safety in future."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • B Cell Lymphoma • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Nephrology • Oncology • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • BCL2

PROGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA TREATED WITH LOW-DOSE ARSENIC TRIOXIDE DURING INDUCTION THERAPY AND INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING LEUKOCYTOSIS AND DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME: A REAL-WORLD RETROSPECTIVE STUDY (EHA 2025) - "Our single-center retrospective study shows that patients who received ATO treatment lower than NCCN standard dose also achieved complete remission and long-term survival. Patients receiving ATO treatment have a high rate of adverse events in both groups, reducing the total ATO dosage at induction treatment may reduce the adverse event rate and help patients achieve the same long-term survival. And the association between DS and leukocytosis is close."

Real-world • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

TARGETING IFNα PATHWAY RESTORES PML NUCLEAR BODIES FORMATION IN TBLR1-RARA-DRIVEN PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IN THE CONTEXT OF ATRA AND ATO UNRESPONSIVENESS (EHA 2025) - "Despite all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) turning most PR-driven APL from highly fatal to highly curable, TR-driven APL did not yield long-term remission... The findings in our study suggest a promising, translatable treatment for patients with atypical APL harboring TR fusion gene. Mechanistically, targeting IFNα to reactivate type I interferon pathway and restore the formation of PML-NBs in TR-driven APL is likely a strong contributor to the observed efficacy."

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • Targeted Protein Degradation • IFNA1 • PML • RARA • TBL1XR1

REALGAR-INDIGO NATURALIS FORMULA (RIF): A NOVEL STRATEGY TO OVERCOME ARSENIC RESISTANCE IN ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (EHA 2025) - "Background: Resistance to arsenic trioxide (ATO) poses a significant challenge in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment... RIF demonstrates superior anti-leukemic activity compared to realgar monotherapy by enhancing apoptosis (↑1.6-fold) and suppressing proliferation (Ki-67 ↓35%). These findings position RIF as a potential therapeutic agent to overcome arsenic resistance in APL, warranting further clinical validation."

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • RARA