amphetamine/dextroamphetamine immediate release tablet / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A qualitative systematic thematic review of motivations for medical use of prescription stimulants among adults with ADHD. (PubMed, J Affect Disord) - "Improving access to non-pharmacological interventions and updating treatment guidelines remain essential. A multi-modal approach is required to optimize outcomes for adults with ADHD."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Intrauterine Exposure to Psychotropic Medications as a Risk Factor for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (PAS 2025) - "Those with exposure to psychotropic medication were more likely to also have exposure to other substances (i.e., alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, and methamphetamine) (84% vs. 69%; p< 0.05; Table 1). Of the 1,305 infants included in the ESC-NOW study, 297 (22.8%) had antenatal co-exposure to psychotropic medications. The mean length of stay was 1.6 days longer for infants with psychotropic exposure compared to those without exposure (12.1 vs. 10.5 days, respectively; p < 0.001) (Table 2)."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Substance Abuse

Prolonged Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine Use: An Unrecognized Cause of Cardiomyopathy. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine), manufactured by Shire, Teva, and Impax Pharmaceuticals (Lexington, MA), is a commonly prescribed stimulant for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...Given the increasing use of stimulant medications, early recognition of cardiovascular risks is essential to prevent irreversible cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Further research is needed to elucidate long-term outcomes and optimal management strategies for affected patients."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Psychiatry • Transplantation

The Role of Expectancy for Cognitive Enhancement in College Students Using Prescription Stimulants Nonmedically (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=0 | Withdrawn | Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham | N=100 ➔ 0 | Not yet recruiting ➔ Withdrawn

Enrollment change • Trial withdrawal

SPEEDY HEART, RISKY BUSINESS: A CASE OF ADDERALL-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN A YOUNG FEMALE - Sudeep Nugooru (ACC 2025) - "She was compliant with her home medications of Adderall and Venlafaxine...Echocardiogram showed significantly reduced LVEF <30%.Decision-making: The patient received IV Lasix for diuresis and antibiotics for suspected pneumonia... This case highlights the need to consider cardiomyopathy as a potential adverse effect of Adderall, especially in patients with existing psychiatric conditions and significant psychosocial stressors. Given the risk of developing serious cardiovascular conditions, such as cardiomyopathy, pre-treatment screening could help identify patients at higher risk. The implications suggest a potential role for cardiac surveillance tests before initiating Adderall."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Mood Disorders • Pneumonia • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases

LONG TERM HIGH DOSE ADDERALL USE RESULTING IN NON-ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY - Matthew T. McAuliffe (ACC 2025) - "Acute cardiovascular effects of stimulants are well documented. Long-term effects of ADHD therapies are less understood. With the increasing use of stimulants to treat ADHD, medication induced non-ischemic cardiomyopathy must be considered in younger populations presenting with heart failure."

ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Asthma • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • Immunology • Otorhinolaryngology • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases • Sinusitis • Vasculitis

Stimulant Effects on Disruptive Behavior (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=10 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Matthew J O'Brien, PhD, BCBA-D | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 ➔ Aug 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2025 ➔ Mar 2027

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Behavior Disorders • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Plasma microRNAs to Select Optimal Patients for Antibody Production from Anti-Addiction Vaccines. (PubMed, Vaccines (Basel)) - "Background: Cocaine and illicit amphetamines (disguised as "Adderall") are being laced with fentanyl and producing accidental and intentional fatal overdoses. Furthermore, 11 among 1673 genes were targeted by 3 or more of the 12 down DE-miRs. A significant DE-miR for identifying optimal antibody responders replicated previous vaccine study predictors (miR-150), and several more miRs appear to be strong candidates for future consideration in replications based upon significance of individual DE-miRs and upon multiple miRs converging on individual genes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • MIR150

Prescription Stimulant Dispensing to US Children: 2017-2023. (PubMed, Pediatrics) - "Stimulant dispensing to children declined after the pandemic began. Dispensing may also have declined after October 2022, but estimates were not significant, partly because decreased dispensing of immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts was offset by increased dispensing of other stimulants. Findings suggest the shortage may have prompted children to switch to alternative stimulants. Future research should evaluate whether any switches led to adverse events."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Cardiovascular Effects of Adderall in Healthy Adults. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=30 | Completed | Sponsor: Mayo Clinic | Phase classification: P1 ➔ P4

Phase classification • Cardiovascular

"I Been Taking Adderall Mixing it With Lean, Hope I Don't Wake Up Out My Sleep": Harnessing Twitter to Understand Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use among Black Women and Men Subscribers. (PubMed, medRxiv) - "Greater attention needs to be paid to how Black women and men use social media to discuss important topics like drug use. Natural language processing methods and social media research should include larger proportions of Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and American Indian populations in development of emotion and sentiment lexicons, otherwise outcomes regarding NMPSU will not be generalizable to populations writ large due to cultural differences in communication about drug use online."

Journal

Need for Speed An Investigation into Online Demand Health Hazards and Notable Incidents of Substandard and Falsified Adderall (ASHP 2024) - No abstract available

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Amphetamine Misuse: A Pooled Analysis (AHA 2024) - "Background:In the United States, the misuse of stimulants such as the amphetamines Adderall and Ritalin is rising. This pooled analysis highlights the significant cardiovascular risks associated with amphetamine misuse, particularly hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. There is an urgent need for coordinated psychiatric-cardiological interventions, focusing on early detection, comprehensive addiction therapy, and managing cardiovascular health to improve patient outcomes."

Retrospective data • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Psychiatry

Acute Pressor, Chronotropic and Adrenergic Effects of Adderall - A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Crossover Study (AHA 2024) - P1 | "Healthy subjects consuming a modest dose of Adderall manifest striking increases in BP, HR and sympathetic activation, even during supine rest. These findings may have important mechanistic implications for understanding acute CV events and long-term risk of CV disease associated with stimulant medications."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Myocardial Infarction • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report on Heart Failure in a Young Addict. (PubMed, Cureus) - "To address his cardiac and concomitant issues, the patient is currently on a complete pharmaceutical regimen that includes atorvastatin, aspirin, furosemide, spironolactone, enoxaparin, omeprazole, and carvedilol. To maximize results and stop additional cardiac deterioration, patients with dual diagnoses, especially those involving amphetamine use and preexisting cardiac conditions, need to be carefully monitored and managed by a multidisciplinary team."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Chronic exposure to inhaled vaporized cannabis high in Δ9-THC suppresses Adderall-induced brain activity. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "This exploratory study shows that short, daily exposures to inhaled cannabis, something equivalent to recreational use, affects the sensitivity to the psychostimulant Adderall. The reduced Adderall effect on brain activity, particularly circuitry associated with dopaminergic signaling raises concerns about escalation in psychostimulant use."

Journal

Modulation of attention rhythms following systemic administration of methylphenidate (Neuroscience 2024) - "While the cellular mechanisms for pharmacological treatments of attention disorders like methylphenidate (Ritalin) and dextroamphetamine (Adderall) have been thoroughly researched, it remains less clear how these compounds affect specific characteristics of attentional modulation while it is being deployed. Interestingly, the changes in frequency of the behavioral rhythm were independent of changes to hit rate, which remained relatively constant between conditions. This shift between cued and uncued location frequencies following methylphenidate may highlight one potential property of psychostimulants to alter the way in which underlying neural dynamics support flexible attentional sampling of the environment at the behavioral level."

CNS Disorders

"Everything's a Challenge": An Interview Study of ADHD Individuals in the Midst of the Prescription Stimulant Shortage. (PubMed, J Atten Disord) - "Our findings highlight the urgency of addressing stimulant shortages to safeguard the wellbeing of individuals with ADHD. This study also calls for a critical review of policy measures regulating stimulant medication access, and their effectiveness at reducing non-medical use given the unintended consequences these regulations appear to have on individuals prescribed these medications for therapeutic purposes."

Interview • Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

The road from nitrous to pernicious: subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to recreational nitrous oxide abuse (ECNP 2024) - "We describe the case of a 43-year-old male with a past medical history of psoriatic arthritis and a past psychiatric history of insomnia, ADHD, generalized anxiety disorder, and polysubstance use(N2O, marijuana, cocaine, ketamine, alcohol, Adderall, and psychedelics), who presented to our emergency department with bizarre behavior, paranoia, delusions, impaired long-term memory, and suicidal ideations. This report highlights the importance of early recognition of signs of N2O abuse, especially the classic perioral and perinasal dermatitis or the "glue sniffer's rash", and management of Vit B12 deficiency in patients suspected of abusing inhalants like nitrous oxide, especially in those who are not forthcoming about their substance use. The report also aims to spread awareness of the irreversible damage nitrous oxide can cause among the at-risk population."

ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Ataxia • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Epilepsy • General Anxiety Disorder • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder • Suicidal Ideation

Heat Stroke in a Young Athlete With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Stimulant Medication. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Notably, exertional heat stroke remains a leading cause of sudden death among young athletes and individuals engaged in strenuous physical activity. We present a case of a young athlete diagnosed with ADHD and prescribed amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall), who presented with heat stroke, partly due to his medication."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Psychiatry

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and amphetamine addiction - a systematic review and meta-analysis (ECNP 2024) - "We identified primarily 2276 unduplicated studies using the addiction-related terms (Amphetamine; Methamphetamine; MDMA; Ecstasy; Stimulants; Dextroamphetamine; Amphetamine salts; Adderall, Abstinence; Dependent; Dependence; Addict*; Withdrawal; Misuse; Abuse) and non-invasive brain stimulation terms (Transcranial magnetic stimulation; TMS; rTMS; repetitive TMS; theta burst stimulation; theta burst; TBS; cTBS; iTBS). A total of 591 participants were included in the analyses. TMS interventions compared to placebo were associated with reduced ATS craving (SMD = -1.10; 95% CI: -1.79, -0.40; P < 0.01; I2 = 90%) as compared to sham control groups. Standardised mean differences (SMD) ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models."

Retrospective data • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Alzheimer's Disease • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Mental Retardation • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder • Substance Abuse

Confounding Effects of Stimulant Misuse on Deep Brain Stimulation Optimization in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Detailed Case Study (ANA 2024) - "This challenging treatment regimen can be further complicated by Adderall misuse... This case study reveals the intricate balance between targeted DBS in specific brain regions and pharmaco-therapy in the comprehensive management of psychiatric disorders. It accentuates the critical need for customized treatment plans and proactive substance misuse management to maximize the therapeutic outcomes of DBS interventions."

Case study • Clinical • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Psychiatry

Episodic Angle Closure after Visian™ Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation in a Patient Using Adderall®. (PubMed, Case Rep Ophthalmol) - "There are no current reports or studies in the current literature describing the combined mechanisms of ICL implantation and Adderall® use in the potential development of angle closure. Further studies may be done to assess interactions of such medications in patients after ICL implantation."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Ophthalmology • Psychiatry

Psychosocial stressors of adolescents with E-cigarette, or vaping, product-use associated lung injury: A qualitative study. (PubMed, Addict Behav) - "Adolescents with EVALI had PS that were chronic, severe, and involving multiple domains. These findings emphasize the importance of psychosocial screening in adolescents and coordinating interdisciplinary care with mental health and social services."

Journal • Respiratory Diseases

Brain Indices of Stimulant Treatment in Drug-Naive Youth at Risk for Substance Use Disorder (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=44 | Completed | Sponsor: Jeffrey Newcorn | Recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Apr 2024 ➔ Aug 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2024 ➔ Aug 2023

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Behavior Disorders • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Substance Abuse