amifostine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Oral administration amifostine-grafted chitosan nanodrug for intestinal radioprotection. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "It also maintains the gut microbiota homeostasis of the irradiated mice. This work provides a promising approach for effectively mitigating radiation-induced intestinal injury, and adds insights into decay and minimum side effects."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Local amifostine administration mitigates chemotherapy-induced esophageal mucosal damage: a novel approach for targeted treatment in a rabbit model. (PubMed, Histol Histopathol) - "This study provided evidence that damage caused by the local infusion of DDP might be reduced by pre-treatment of the cytoprotective agent amifostine."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Efficacy of Treatment and Prevention of Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis- Systematic Review (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "Review of these papers papers supports good oral care, IMRT, radiation shields, palifermin, and amifostine. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest review of RIOM. It is limited by the diversity of study designs, sample sizes, patient characteristics, and outcome measures. While there is no objectively universal treatment for RIOM, preliminary results from this review show promise with multiple therapies."

Clinical • Review • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Stomatitis

Systematic Review of the Management of Fibrosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "Among the eight studies analyzed, pharmacological interventions included pentoxifylline-tocopherol, pravastatin, amifostine, and topical superoxide dismutase (SOD). Improvements in HNC fibrosis after current treatments range from 35% to 97% of patients, with combination therapies offering the most promising results. Further research is needed to investigate and optimize long-term outcomes of these therapies."

Clinical • Review • Fibrosis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Head and Neck Cancer • Immunology • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor

Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Amifostine Against Radiotherapy-Induced Kidney Injury. (PubMed, Life (Basel)) - "In contrast, there was a decrease in necrotic tubules, degenerative Bowman's capsules, and the levels of MDA, Cleaved Caspase-3, and 8-OHdG in the amifostine and dexmedetomidine 100 µg/kg and 200 µg/kg treatment groups (p ≤ 0.05). Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists exhibit protective effects against kidney injury induced in association with x-irradiation by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis."

Journal • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • CASP3

Deficient FANCL Predisposes Endothelial Damage: A New Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension. (PubMed, Am J Respir Crit Care Med) - "Deficient Fancl plays a key role to promote PAH and targeted rescue of Fancl could be a novel effective strategy for the treatment of PAH."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • FANCL • TGFB1

Amifostine-loaded Prussian blue nanoparticles for simultaneous efficient radioprotection and deep decorporation of radiocesium. (PubMed, Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces) - "Furthermore, the deep excretion of cesium is achieved via feces along the metabolic pathway of Am@PB, leading to an enhanced decorporation efficiency of over 50 % compared to orally administered commercial PB. This work provides a design strategy for efficient radioprotective decorporation agents with potential applications in the treatment of internal radiocesium contamination."

Journal • Oncology

Identification of Potential Prophylactic Medical Countermeasures Against Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS). (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Within this manuscript, several compounds, Amifostine, Captopril, Ciprofloxacin, PrC-210, 5-AED (5-androstene-3β,17β-diol), and 5-AET (5-androstene-3β,7β,17B-triol), are assessed for their ability to protect against ARS in an in vitro and/or in vivo setting. In addition to evaluating the radioprotective performance of each compound, this study establishes a distinct set of in vitro assays to predict the overall efficacy of potential radioprotectors in an in vivo model of ARS. Furthermore, these results highlight the need for FDA-approved medical intervention to protect against ARS."

Journal

Ursolic acid derivative UA312 ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish via targeting chrna3 and grik5. (PubMed, Acta Pharmacol Sin) - "Currently, amifostine is the only radiation-protective agent used for clinical indications related to radiation therapy, but this compound has multiple drawbacks including high toxicity, short half-life and no protective effect on the nervous system...In conclusion, this study identified a promising radioprotective drug, UA312, which alleviates IR-induced cardiotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish by targeting chrna3 and grik5. UA312 may be developed as a novel radioprotective agent against acute IR damage in humans."

Journal • Cardiovascular

Protective Effect of Amifostine on Radiotherapy-Applied Cardiovascular Tissue. (PubMed, Anatol J Cardiol) - "AMI has a radioprotective and antioxidant effect against RT-induced cardiovascular toxicity."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • CD68

Preventing Hearing Loss in Children Receiving Cisplatin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Laryngoscope) - "These results show mild success in reducing the incidence of hearing loss in children undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin. However, the literature is limited, and further investigation is warranted."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Otorhinolaryngology

Probing the Multitargeted Potency of FDA-approved Amifostine against MRSA and Control Comparison with Sulfamethoxazole to Establish Alternative Medications. (PubMed, Microb Pathog) - "We also performed Interaction Fingerprints, pharmacokinetics, 5ns WaterMap and 100ns MD Simulation in water. We compared the results and extended the study with binding free energy and total energy of each MD simulation trajectory computations and found that Amifostine is a far better drug than Sulfamethoxazole-however, experimental validation is needed before its human use."

FDA event • Journal • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Septic Shock • Solid Tumor

Screening model in Caenorhabditis elegans for radioprotective natural products. (PubMed, Int J Radiat Biol) - "Known radioprotective agents, including Amifostine (WR2721), Lycium barbarum extract (LBE), and Trillium tschonoskii fraction (TTF), served as positive controls to validate the reliability of the model...Our results of the model application revealed that teas with lower fermentation levels, such as green tea and oolong tea, particularly the n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions from oolong tea, exhibited significant radioprotective activity. This study presents an effective in vivo approach for the initial screening of radioprotective natural products."

Journal

Effects of Whole-Body Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation on Bone Marrow Death in Mice and an Examination of Candidates for Protectors or Mitigators against Carbon-Ion-Beam-Induced Bone Marrow Death. (PubMed, Radiat Res) - "Based on the radio-protective effects of amifostine and cysteamine, the contribution of ROS/free radicals to carbon-ion-beam-induced bone marrow death was 70-90% to that of photon irradiation. Since the suppression of tumor growth by carbon-ion-beam irradiation was not inhibited by the treatment with γTDMG or Zn-yeast, both mitigators have potential as normal tissue-selective protectors in carbon-ion irradiation."

Journal • Preclinical • Oncology

Effect of amifostine on apoptotic inflammatory makers in cisplatin induced brain damage in rats. (PubMed, J Complement Integr Med) - "These outcomes demonstrated amifostine's ability to lessen the histological changes brought on by cisplatin. To sum up, SiNPs@AMF may be a suitable and secure supplemental treatment agent to lessen cisplatin's toxicity in the brain and enhance the treatment's effects throughout chemotherapy."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Vascular Neurology • CASP3 • CCL2 • GFAP

Is Punica granatum Efficient Against Sepsis? A Comparative Study of Amifostine Versus Pomegranate. (PubMed, Life (Basel)) - "Histopathological evaluation revealed reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 immunopositivity in the PGPE250 and PGPE500 groups. These findings highlight the lung-protective properties of PGPE, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for sepsis-induced acute lung injury."

Journal • Acute Lung Injury • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • MMP2 • MMP9 • TNFA

Systematic Reviews on the Management of Xerostomia and Hyposalivation-An Umbrella Review. (PubMed, Gerodontology) - "Salivary substitutes and stimulants mostly acted as moisturisers and some as saliva stimulants, with short-term effect. More than 80% of the reviews were appraised as 'critically low' quality. Well-designed and well-reported systematic reviews are still needed to increase the level of evidence on dry mouth management methods."

Journal • Review • Dental Disorders • Xerostomia

Managing strategies of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. (PubMed, Cancer Treat Rev) - "For example, clinical trials assessing established drugs such as melatonin, clonidine, and pentoxifylline indicate promising potential for managing OM. Besides, Verbascoside, Palifermin, Amifostine, and Avasopasem manganese can be suggested for OM management, while the side effects should be monitored. The accessibility and cost/effectiveness of specific managing strategies of OM should be considered when selecting appropriate options."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Stomatitis

A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies: prevention strategies. (PubMed, Support Care Cancer) - "This systematic review continues to support the potential of tissue-sparing tecniques and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to preserve salivary gland function in patients with head and neck cancer, with limited evidence on other preventive strategies, including acupuncture and bethanecol. Preventive focus should be on optimized and new approaches developed to further reduce radiation dose to the parotid, the submandibular, and minor salivary glands. As these glands are major contributors to moistening of the oral cavity, limiting the radiation dose to the salivary glands through various modalities has demonstrated reduction in prevalence and severity of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia. There remains no evidence on preventive approaches for checkpoint inhibitors and other biologicals due to the lack of RCTs."

Journal • Review • Dental Disorders • Head and Neck Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Xerostomia

Unmet Needs in Multiple Myeloma and Potential Solutions: A Systemic Literature Review (ASH 2024) - "Other unmet needs reported were patient and family experience/supportive care (11%), pathophysiology (4%), diagnosis/response assessment (4%), toxicity management/prevention (3%) and poor prognosis (4%).Unmet needs that were reported starting from 2010 [and their proposed solutions] include treatment of high-risk cytogenetic features (4%) [elotuzumab/isatuximab/melflufen/selinexor/anti-BCMA conjugates], treatment of plasma cell leukemia/extramedullary disease (3%) [utilizing MM drugs (daratumumab/boretezemib/melfufen/frontline ASCT etc.)], prevention/management of toxicities (mucositis, neuropathy, nephropathy and GVHD) (1%) [CR4056/amifostine/cannabidiol], treatment/prevention of thromboembolism (1%) [risk assessment model for thromboembolism/studies on anticoagulation], treatment of frail/elderly (1%) [SEA BCMA/melflufen], immune response in MM (<1%) [immunological studies], and measures to assess response to treatment (<1%) [heavy light chain ratio/DW..."

Review • Cardiovascular • Geriatric Disorders • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Mucositis • Multiple Myeloma • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Oncology • Orthopedics • Pain • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Self-Assembled EGCG Nanoparticles with Enhanced Intracellular ROS Scavenging for Skin Radioprotection. (PubMed, Int J Nanomedicine) - "The only clinically approved radioprotective agent, amifostine, is associated with numerous side effects, underscoring the urgent need for the development of safe and effective radioprotective agents...In animal levels, EGCG NPs exhibited markedly improved radioprotective efficacy over free EGCG, effectively reducing skin edema and ulceration, alleviating pathological conditions such as interstitial edema, dermal fluid accumulation, and inflammatory infiltration, decreasing the duration of skin injury, and promoting wound healing. This work offers novel insights into the therapeutic application of EGCG NPs as a potential alternative for skin radioprotection and provides a powerful approach for developing radioprotective agents derived from natural products."

Journal

Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis. (PubMed, BMC Oral Health) - "Both melatonin and amifostine can significantly limit RT-induced periodontal bone loss by suppressing inflammatory stress, apoptotic mechanisms, and RANKL-related osteoclastic activity. Given the limited side effects of melatonin, it may be an alternative to amifostine."

Journal • Preclinical • Dental Disorders • Osteoporosis • Periodontitis • CASP3 • IL10 • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA

Integrating Radioprotective Agents into Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy: Optimization of Reconstructive Outcomes in Breast Cancer. (PubMed, J Surg Res (Houst)) - "The role of several radioprotective agents, including amifostine, N-acetylcysteine, tempol, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plasmid liposomes, vitamin E, and beta-carotene has been analyzed with a focus on their logistical applications in breast reconstruction. Despite several challenges, the integration of radioprotective agents into post-mastectomy radiotherapy protocols offers significant potential to improve reconstructive outcomes. Development of novel radioprotective agents with improved selectivity and fewer side effects and large-scale clinical trials in diverse group of patients are warranted to determine long-term safety and efficacy."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • SOD2

Multi-omics analysis reveals the protective effects of Chinese yam polysaccharide against cisplatin-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. (PubMed, Phytomedicine) - "Our study showed that the alleviation of CDDP-induced RIF in vivo can be achieved through the inhibition of glycerophospholipid metabolism and PLD signaling pathways by SYDT."

Journal • Diabetic Nephropathy • Fibrosis • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • CTGF • MMP1 • VIM

Neuroprotective Effects of Amifostine in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. (PubMed, Clin Lab) - "Preconditioning with amifostine had a neuroprotective effect, maintained cognitive function, and enhanced cholinergic activity in the scopolamine-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease."

Biomarker • Clinical • Journal • Observational data • Preclinical • Retrospective data • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • IL1B • IL6 • TNFA