azithromycin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Antimicrobial Purchasing in Canada (2018-2021): An Exploratory Analysis. (PubMed, J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can) - "These results coincided with decreases in piperacillin/tazobactam (p = .003) and azithromycin (p = .001) and an increase in meropenem (p < .001). Changes in trends varied by antimicrobial class/subclass and individual agent. Further work is needed to discern contributors to these trends, such as changes in inpatient characteristics and treatment guidelines."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Highly drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae harbouring blaPER-7 isolated from travellers returning to England. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Public health institutions have the ability and responsibility to monitor the burden and spread of highly drug-resistant V. cholerae via passive surveillance, informing clinical guidance, empirical treatment and travel advice."

Journal • Cholera • ABCB1

Genomic analysis and pneumococcal population dynamics across PCV implementation in South Korea, 1997-2023. (PubMed, Microb Genom) - "Antimicrobial non-susceptibility was highest for azithromycin (82.7%), followed by tetracycline (76.5%) and co-trimoxazole (70.4%), with higher rates observed in the post-PCV13 period. Notably, amoxicillin (P=0.049) and meropenem (P=0.002) showed significant non-susceptibility in the post-PCV13 period...These findings underscore the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor pneumococcal population dynamics and inform public health strategies. The inclusion of serotype 10A in the recently approved PCV20 offers promise for further reducing the global burden of IPDs, including in South Korea."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumococcal Infections • Pneumonia

Adverse events with co-prescription of angiotensin receptor blockers and clarithromycin compared to azithromycin: A population-based retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Pharmacotherapy) - "This population-based retrospective cohort study provides evidence of OATP-mediated drug interactions between ARBs and clarithromycin that warrants further investigation to guide clinical practice, especially for patients with reduced kidney function."

Adverse events • Journal • Retrospective data • Acute Kidney Injury • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Trachoma Elimination Study by Focused Antibiotic (TESFA) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=0 | Withdrawn | Sponsor: Emory University | N=53384 ➔ 0

Enrollment change • Ophthalmology

The Effects of Azithromycin Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste in Resolving Periapical Inflammation. (PubMed, Int Dent J) - "Azithromycin has the potential to serve as an alternative to minocycline. The 16S rDNA data highlights the intricate nature of the root canal microbiome, promising deeper insights into the correlation between microbes and inflammation."

Journal • Immunology • Inflammation • MTAP

A single-center investigation on serotypes, drug resistance and clinical significance of GBS isolates from pregnant and non-pregnant adults in Baoji, China. (PubMed, Front Cell Infect Microbiol) - "All 200 GBS strains were sensitive to penicillin, and the resistance rates to erythromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were 93.5%, 93.5%, 70.5%, 70.0%, 53.5%, and 13.0%, respectively. Serotypes Ib, III, and V are common serotypes, but their frequency is related to the host's age group, pregnancy status, and clinical relevance. GBS isolates are still generally susceptible to penicillin."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

Counteracting methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus through novel Citral-Azithromycin combination. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Cytotoxicity assays on normal human fibroblasts demonstrated 93.7% viability at the combined MIC, underscoring its biocompatibility. These findings highlight citral-azithromycin synergy as a promising strategy to enhance antibiotic efficacy against MRSA while minimizing cytotoxicity, supporting the potential of phytochemical-adjuvant combinations in combating antimicrobial resistance."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Bioaerosol emissions from solid waste processing facilities at urban environment and their impact on human health. (PubMed, Sci Total Environ) - "The top two dominant genera of bacterial strain expressed resistance towards azithromycin and cefixime. In the cross-sectional health survey near the waste processing site, participants including both workers on the site and people nearby, reported symptoms of respiratory, skin and eye irritation and bad smell. This study will help to improve the waste treatment process safety protocols and the health of the population around."

Journal

Structure-based design of benzofuran library as P. aeruginosa quorum sensing inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study. (PubMed, Eur J Med Chem) - "The studied compounds resulted in reduction of violacein production of C. violaceum, at ¼ MIC, up to 26.04-67.36 %, relative to the reference drug azithromycin (54 %)...MD analysis revealed that compounds 8f and 7k, exhibit superior binding characteristics compared to the native inhibitor. Through a blend of structural snugness, dynamic stabilization, and energetically favorable interactions, 8f stands out as a particularly promising scaffold for the development of next-generation PqsR inhibitors."

Journal

Azithromycin regulates ANXA1-suppressed Notch1/NF-κB pathway to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization and attenuates LPS-induced AKI. (PubMed, Shock) - "AZM remits LPS-induced AKI by regulating M1 macrophage polarization via regulating ANXA1 and Notch1/NF-κB pathway. These findings may accelerate the translation of clinical drugs for the treatment of LPS-associated AKI."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • ANXA1 • CD86 • IL10 • IL1B • IL6 • NOTCH1 • TNFA

Nourseothricin as a novel therapeutic agent against Neisseria gonorrhoeae: in vitro and in vivo evaluations using Galleria mellonella-a pilot study. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Nourseothricin inhibited the growth of all tested N. gonorrhoeae strains, with MIC values ranging from 16 to 32 µg/mL, independent of resistance to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or azithromycin. In addition to its in vitro efficacy, treatment with nourseothricin improved survival in an in vivo infection model, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option. Given the increasing limitations of existing antibiotics, these findings support further investigation into nourseothricin as a candidate for future gonorrhea treatment."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and risk of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): a literature review and disproportionality analysis using individual case safety reports from FAERS. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may be linked to an increased risk of HLH. Further pharmacoepidemiologic research is necessary to confirm these findings and inform the safe clinical use of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole."

Journal • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Rare Diseases

Comparative performance evaluation of triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry and orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry for analysis of antibiotics in creek water impacted by CETP discharge. (PubMed, Analyst) - "Application to real-world creek water samples revealed the ubiquitous presence of multiple antibiotics, with azithromycin and enrofloxacin dominating the detected concentrations, particularly near the CETP discharge point and a nearby waste dumping site...Additionally, non-target screening performed using LC-Orbitrap-HRMS enabled the detection of additional antibiotics belonging to quinolones, sulfonamides and aminoglycosides, further demonstrating the broader analytical scope of high-resolution mass spectrometry. The study highlights the necessity of using advanced analytical tools for the accurate quantification of antibiotics in complex matrices and underscores the environmental risks posed by pharmaceutical pollution in industrial discharge-impacted water bodies."

Journal

ARRET: Azithromycin Reduction to Reach Elimination of Trachoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=74920 | Completed | Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco | Trial completion date: Oct 2026 ➔ Dec 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2026 ➔ Dec 2024 | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Ophthalmology

Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 strains from 2022 cholera outbreak in Kenya. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "The high prevalence of multidrug resistance in cholera isolates emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance to monitor the evolution of MDR V. cholerae O1 strains and calls for consideration of deployment of alternative management and prevention options including oral cholera vaccines and long-term improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure and practice."

Journal • Cholera

Combined Diagnostic Approach for Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=260 | Completed | Sponsor: Children's Hospital of Hebei Province

New trial • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Risk factors for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Chinese children: a meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Pediatr) - "With the increase of the incidence rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children and the widespread use of azithromycin, the number of cases of refractory M. pneumoniae increased accordingly...For the first time, WBC, ALT, and AST were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of RMPP in children. Additionally, demographic information such as age and gender was also examined in relation to RMPP in children."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • IL6

Atelectasis predicts poor prognosis in pediatric macrolides-unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with A2063/2064G mutations treated with azithromycin. (PubMed, Front Cell Infect Microbiol) - "The occurrence of atelectasis may indicate an increased risk of failure of current azithromycin treatment. Combined with the results of drug-resistant mutations, it is recommended to strengthen disease monitoring and individualized intervention evaluation."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Bronchiectasis • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Efficacy and safety analysis of montelukast sodium added on azithromycin in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "Compared to the control group, serum levels of amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TOll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and CD8 + were all lower in the research group. Azithromycin plus montelukast sodium can effectively improve the lung function and lung compliance of children with MPP, reduce the detection rate of chest CT signs of disease symptoms, and improve the inflammatory and immune state of the body, without increasing adverse reactions, and the clinical application is safe."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • CD8 • TLR4

Antibiotic exposure at environmental concentrations under high-fat diet: Impacts on gut microbiota and metabolism. (PubMed, Environ Int) - "Here, we investigate the impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of Azithromycin (AZI) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) on the gut microbiota and host metabolism in mice under High-Fat Diet (HFD) conditions, administered via drinking water. Notably, Lactobacillus has played an essential role in shaping the overall SCFA profile in female mice exposed to AZI. Our findings indicated that exposure to trace antibiotics in conjunction with HFD elicits distinct effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolism, underscoring the need for further investigation into the potential health risks faced by susceptible populations."

Journal

Azithromycin mass drug administration: balancing survival benefits and risks in children. (PubMed, Lancet Infect Dis) - "We propose a multifaceted approach including investments in water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure, vaccination programmes, and robust antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Policy makers and global health stakeholders must prioritise context-specific, evidence-based strategies that strengthen local capacity, improve community engagement, and implement robust monitoring systems to ensure that the potential benefits of MDA are sustained and do not imperil public health."

Journal • Review

Association of Medication Use and 8-Year Mortality Risk in Patients With Parkinson Disease: Drug-Wide Trial Emulation. (PubMed, Neurology) - "Our study identified several drugs with potential disease-modifying properties that could be candidates for future clinical trials. It highlights the potential of repurposing existing medications to advance drug development. While these findings are exploratory and, therefore, insufficient to justify immediate clinical application, they warrant further investigation and potential inclusion in clinical trials."

Journal • Observational data • CNS Disorders • Cough • Erectile Dysfunction • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Ophthalmology • Pain • Parkinson's Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Azithromycin mitigates human rhinovirus impact on barrier integrity and function in non-diseased airway epithelium. (PubMed, Front Cell Dev Biol) - "Our data, demonstrating the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and barrier-protective effects in vitro are strongly indicative of pleiotropic mechanisms of AZM for mitigating viral infection and its consequences. These effects are likely to contribute to the benefits observed in clinical trials of AZM in a number of chronic respiratory diseases."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CLDN1 • IL1B • OCLN • TJP1

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from clinical, food, and environmental sources in Addis Ababa and surrounding towns, Ethiopia. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol was noted in 24.6% and 19.7% of isolates, respectively. Azithromycin resistance was also sensible at 27.9%. In contrast, ciprofloxacin showed relatively low resistance at 8.2%...Gentamicin (3.3%), ceftriaxone (6.6%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (9.8%) remained largely effective, showing low resistance rates...High antimicrobial resistance, especially to ampicillin and tetracycline, highlights the urgent need for improved surveillance, rational antibiotic use, and infection control...This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Salmonella isolates from clinical, food, and environmental samples in Addis Ababa and nearby towns, offering current data on antimicrobial resistance patterns. By using updated laboratory standards and sampling diverse sources, the findings highlight the urgent need for improved food safety practices, sanitation, and antimicrobial stewardship."

Journal • Infectious Disease