acarbose / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Variations of the chemical components and biological activities of Thymus capitatus essential oil from three regions in Palestine. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "α-amylase inhibitory activity of the EOs samples was studied compared with the hypoglycemic drug, Acarbose...All samples showed anti-lipase activity higher than Orlistat at concentrations equal to or above 200 µg/ml...All samples showed promising cytotoxicity results against Hep-G2, with an average percent inhibition of 85% at a concentration of 62.5 µg/mL. The chemical composition of the EO of T. capitatus is related to the plant's origin, soil components, genetic variables, and climatic conditions, which in turn reflect the plant's biological activity."

Journal • Oncology

A cascade nanoreactor based on metal azolate framework integrated natural enzyme for α-glucosidase activity assay and inhibitor screening. (PubMed, J Colloid Interface Sci) - "This platform was further applied for α-Glu inhibitor screening, with acarbose as a model inhibitor, and achieved precise quantification of inhibition efficiency (IC50 = 60.06 nM). This work not only establishes a versatile and efficient sensing platform for diabetes-related biomolecule detection but also pioneers a novel strategy for enzyme immobilization and multienzyme cascade construction, opening new avenues for multifunctional material design in biomedical research."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Comprehensive analysis of Syzygium cumini L. pomace extract as an α-amylase inhibitor: In vitro inhibition, kinetics, and computational studies. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem) - "Enzyme inhibition assays revealed an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 85.68 ± 5.22 μg/mL for the JP extract, comparable to acarbose (64.28 ± 7.15 μg/mL)...These findings suggest that R11 and JP extracts hold promise as anti-diabetic agents. Utilizing JP extract as a nutraceutical offers the dual benefit of diabetes management and sustainable waste valorization in jamun juice production."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Synthesis, structural insights and bio-evaluation of N-phenoxyethylisatin hydrazones as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "Interestingly, most of these compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme, with IC50 values ranging from 3.64 ± 0.13 to 94.89 ± 0.64 μM compared to the standard drug, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM)...ADMET profiling confirmed favourable pharmacokinetics for these compounds, including good oral bioavailability, balanced hydrophilicity, and minimal predicted toxicity. These findings highlight the potential of these compounds as promising candidates for the development of more effective treatments for hyperglycemia."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nesidioblastosis post-bariatric surgery in an adult patient: a case report and review of literature. (PubMed, Ann Med Surg (Lond)) - "Her symptoms, including blurred vision, tremors, and altered consciousness, persisted despite medical therapy with octreotide, acarbose, and nifedipine. Nesidioblastosis is a rare condition but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of post-bariatric surgery hypoglycemia. This case highlights the importance of distinguishing nesidioblastosis from PBHS to ensure appropriate and effective management strategies."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypoglycemia • Movement Disorders • Solid Tumor

Enzymatic synthesis of a new and bioactive dihydrochalcone: 3,4-dihydroxy-2',6'-dimethoxy dihydrochalcone. (PubMed, Nat Prod Res) - "Finally, both HDDC and DDDC displayed more than twice the anti-α-glucosidase activity of the clinic drug, acarbose. Moreover, DDDC was more stable in aqueous solution and with less cytotoxicity than HDDC. Overall, DDDC holds great promise as a component in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food products."

Journal • Inflammation • Tyrosinase

Psoriasiform Eruption Induced by Dapagliflozin (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "The patient had been on amlodipine and acarbose for 5 years, and no other medications were documented. In conclusion, dapagliflozin is now a cornerstone in the management of diabetes. Although cutaneous reactions are rare, they can sometimes be severe enough to warrant discontinuation of an agent that is otherwise beneficial for multiple systems."

Late-breaking abstract • Atopic Dermatitis • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Dermatology • Diabetes • Eosinophilia • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Hypoglycemia • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pruritus • Psoriasis • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Urticaria

Clinical profile of patients with nondiabetic hypoglycemia in a tertiary endocrine center in Nepal (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "Out of 7 hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia patients, insulinoma was detected in 6 patients.1 (2.77%) patient had drug induced (carbimazole) hypoglycemia, 1(2.77%) patient had post bariatric surgery hypoglycemia and 1 (2.77%) patient had post gastrectomy (for gastric carcinoma) hypoglycemia. One case of insulinoma was lost to follow up. Out of 22 cases of reactive hypoglycemia, acarbose was used in 15 patients and the rest were managed by dietary modifications."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Ewing Sarcoma • Gastric Cancer • Hypoglycemia • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Retroperitoneal Sarcoma • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor

Antidiabetic Treatment Patterns in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (ESPE-ESE 2025) - "Metformin was the most frequently prescribed medication, used in 57.4% of cases, followed by sulfonylureas, prescribed in 27.7% of cases—glimepiride in 15.8%, glibenclamide in 7.9%, and gliclazide in 4%. The use of newer antidiabetic drugs was limited, with only two patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors, specifically dapagliflozin, and no patients on empagliflozin...Acarbose was used in 2% of cases, and glinides in 5%...However, insulin therapy was significantly associated with the absence of MASLD lesions in diabetic patients (p=0.027). CONCLUSION : Understanding the nuances of antidiabetic treatment of diabetic patients with MASLD is crucial for optimizing patient care and improving therapeutic strategies."

Clinical • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Exploring the anti-diabetic potential of bis-Schiff base derivatives of benzimidazole: In-Vitro α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, molecular docking, ADMET and DFT studies. (PubMed, Comput Biol Chem) - "In the synthetic derivatives, seven compounds attributed excellent anti-diabetic potential in the range of IC50 values from (IC50 = 2.84 ± 0.12 and 3.16 ± 0.05 µM) to (IC50 = 15.83 ± 1.11 and 16.70 ± 1.23 µM), while the remaining derivatives were found significant to less active when compared with the standard acarbose...The molecular topology of the synthesized bis-Schiff bases showed a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of the benzylidene ring and the carbonyl oxygen of the linker. These interactions could pre-organize the molecule for better binding to the enzyme."

Journal • Preclinical

GC-MS profiling and computational analysis of Balanites aegyptiaca phytoconstituents for antidiabetic activity: insights from network pharmacology and molecular docking. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "The anti-inflammatory potential using the egg albumin method was found to be best for n-hexane extract in comparison to aspirin. The in vitro antidiabetic activity using α-amylase inhibition method was most pronounced in the methanol extract and was found to be comparable to acarbose...Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the greater stability of protein-ligand complexes and also inferred about the possible ligand-protein interactions. The BA phytocompounds inherit huge potential in the management of diabetes, with promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • GCG • IL6 • PPARA

Identification of specialized metabolites from Artocarpus lacucha as potent α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: enzyme kinetic, in vitro and in silico study. (PubMed, J Nat Med) - "Among the tested compounds, flavan-benzofuran artocarpinol B, displayed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 4.01 ± 0.04 µM (positive control acarbose: 475.14 ± 4.65 µM)...Compounds 5 and 6 displayed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 26.9 to 69.9 μM. This study explored the potential of constituents from A. lacucha as α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which are crucial in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Bioactive Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids of Petroselinum Crispum as a Potential Inhibitor of α-amylase: An in silico Evaluation. (PubMed, Curr Drug Discov Technol) - "This finding suggests apigenin as alternative therapeutics in treating diabetes mellitus by targeting the enzyme α-amylase which can be used for in vitro cross-validation studies. This study is the first documentation of the antidiabetic potentiality of the flavonoid compounds of Petroselinum crispum through in silico investigation."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

In Vitro Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Anticholinergic Properties of Different Parts of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) From the Eastern Black Sea Region, With LC/MS-MS Analysis of Their Chemical Composition in Food Applications. (PubMed, Food Sci Nutr) - "At one of the common concentrations, 100 μg/mL, acarbose showed 13.12% inhibition, while the Branch of Dal Ligarba (DLB) extract exhibited 98.67% α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound, particularly in the DLL 58,569.80 ng/mL. This study highlighted the significant phytochemical content and biological activities of wild bilberry extracts, demonstrating their potential for managing diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Baseline glucagon impacts glucose-lowering effects of acarbose but not metformin: A sub-analysis of MARCH study. (PubMed, Diabetes Res Clin Pract) - "Higher baseline glucagon significantly enhanced the glucose-lowering efficacy of acarbose but not metformin, suggesting glucagon could guide personalized diabetes treatment."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Profiling and cheminformatics bioprospection of curcurbitacin I and momordin Ic from Momordica balsamina on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. (PubMed, J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem) - "A 140 ns simulation showed that cucurbitacin I (-63.06 kcal/mol) and momordin Ic (-66.53 kcal/mol) exhibited stronger binding to α-amylase than acarbose (-36.46 kcal/mol), whereas cucurbitacin I (-38.08 kcal/mol) and momordin Ic (-54.87 kcal/mol) displayed weaker binding to α-glucosidase, relative to acarbose (-63.73 kcal/mol). Generally, momordin Ic demonstrated better thermodynamic properties, hence further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate their antidiabetic potential."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacological and Molecular Docking Investigation of Leaves of Eriobotrya japonica: Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibition, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "Molecular docking further supported these findings, revealing that ursolic acid (2) exhibited stronger binding affinity to α-glucosidase (-8.7 kcal/mol) than acarbose (-5.1 kcal/mol), tormentic acid (4) displayed higher binding energy to AChE (-8.8 kcal/mol) compared to chlorogenic acid (-7.8 kcal/mol), and ursolic acid (2) (-7.5 kcal/mol) showed a binding affinity to iNOS similar to that of quercetin (-7.7 kcal/mol). These results highlight the strong potential of E. japonica leaf extracts and bioactive compounds as natural antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory agents, supporting their development as dietary supplements or therapeutic candidates for managing oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory disorders."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Inflammation • Pain • Pneumonia

Development of Novel α-Amylase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biochemical Studies. (PubMed, Cell Biochem Biophys) - "Enzyme inhibition results showed α-amylase IC50 values of 1.79 ± 0.12 μg for compound 3d, 1.75 ± 0.05 μg for compound 3e, and 1.53 ± 0.20 μg for the standard drug acarbose...The study demonstrated that inhibitors 3a-3j bind strongly to the active site of human pancreatic α-amylase, highlighting their potential as effective inhibitors. These research findings help to improve the field of developing lead molecules for anti-diabetic agents."

Journal • Diabetes • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders

Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Evaluation of Dianthus sylvestris subsp. aristidis: A Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometry Approach to Uncovering Bioactive Metabolites for Dermatological and Metabolic Disorder Management. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "The n-BuOH extract exhibited strong alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 307.08 micrograms per milliliter), surpassing the standard acarbose (IC50 = 3650.93 micrograms per milliliter), suggesting potential applications in diabetes management...aristidis demonstrates significant pharmacological potential as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites for skincare and metabolic disorder management. These findings provide new insights into the plant's therapeutic potential and set a foundation for future pharmacological and clinical investigations."

Journal • Dermatology • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Tyrosinase

Impact of Different Drying Techniques on Parkia timoriana Pods: Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Bioactive Insights Through In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. (PubMed, J Food Sci) - "In addition, a computational approach, incorporating molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, was conducted on 42 previously reported bioactive compounds of P. timoriana pods against α-amylase as target protein, with acarbose as reference...These pods can be helpful in the future utilization in functional food development as nutrient-rich food additives and dietary supplements for managing diabetes. This study also concluded that sun- and freeze-drying techniques proved to be commercially beneficial in increasing the shelf life and preserving the nutritional quality of P. timorina pods."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Synthesis, molecular docking, assessment of biological and anti-diabetic properties of benzalacetophenone derivatives. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "All of the produced compounds exhibited strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and H2O2 radicals and noticeably higher activity against SOR and NO radicals when compared to regular ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the biological experiments that demonstrated the action of compounds 2, 3, and 10 were corroborated by molecular docking analyses utilizing the MOE software, GacH as a maltose/maltodextrin-binding protein, and acarbose as the reference ligand."

Journal

Molecular insights into antibiofilm inhibitors of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases through in silico approaches. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "All investigated candidates demonstrated superior binding behavior compared to the reference ligand, acarbose, as indicated by multiple structural parameters...Our findings provide valuable molecular-level insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of GTF-targeting compounds, strengthening their potential as anti-cariogenic agents. By elucidating key binding interactions, this study contributes to the ongoing search for improved scaffolds that may hinder biofilm-mediated infections and advance therapeutic strategies against dental caries."

Journal • Dental Disorders • Infectious Disease

Exploring anti-hyperglycemic potential of Pseuderanthemum crenulatum: isolation, structural elucidation and α-glucosidase inhibition evaluation. (PubMed, J Nat Med) - "Among them, compound 9 demonstrated the most potent activity, with an IC50 value nearly ten times lower than acarbose. Furthermore, kinetic analysis showed that compound 2 displayed mixed-type inhibition, and compound 3 demonstrated uncompetitive inhibition while the remaining compounds exhibited competitive inhibition."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Orthostatic Hypotension (OH), Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), and Reactive Hypoglycemia: Are they connected? (ENDO 2025) - "Although the HYPO episodes decreased with starting acarbose 25 mg with meals, she was unable to tolerate this due to gastrointestinal symptoms and HYPO episodes increased with lightheadedness on changes in position.Case 2:A 61-year-old male with complaints of syncopal episodes and low systolic blood pressure readings was referred to Endocrinology for evaluation and management of nOH...While therapy of non-neurogenic OH is mostly straight-forward, nOH is often difficult to treat. A structured approach is important in the management of patients with nOH. Our cases highlight that there is an interaction between the autonomic nervous system and glucose homeostasis."

Cardiovascular • Diabetic Neuropathy • Endocrine Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypoglycemia • Hypotension • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Utility of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Severe Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia (ENDO 2025) - "Management can be challenging with limited options including dietary modification and medications such as acarbose, diazoxide and octreotide...Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29(4):681-688*. .*"

CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Severe Hypoglycemia • Solid Tumor