abacavir / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Neuronal FGF13 Inhibits Mitochondria-Derived Damage Signals to Prevent Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. (PubMed, Adv Sci (Weinh)) - "Collectively, neuronal FGF13 inhibits the transfer of stressed mitochondria to glia, thereby impeding neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Abacavir is a promising neuroprotectant and sets a brake to PD progression."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

A New Method for the Quantification of Ethyl Sulfate and Isopropyl Sulfate Contents in Abacavir Sulfate by Ion Chromatography. (PubMed, J Chromatogr Sci) - "The method is robust for EtS and IprS contents and also specific from other common anions, i.e., chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, methyl sulfate and methanesulfonic acids. The results proved that the validated method was simple and cost-effective for controlling EtS and IprS contents in ABS drug substance, and the method can be successfully applied in the quality control analysis."

Journal

Pharmacokinetics of Generic Pediatric Abacavir/Lamivudine Dispersible Tablets in Thai Young Children Living With HIV Weighing Below Twenty Kilograms. (PubMed, Pediatr Infect Dis J) - "Twenty-eight Thai children were enrolled and received ABC/3TC-DT plus pediatric dolutegravir-DT once daily. ABC and 3TC exposures were within target ranges across WBs. These data supported current ABC/3TC-DT WHO-weight band dosing guidance for young children in Thailand."

Journal • PK/PD data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Cardiovascular Hazards of Abacavir- Versus Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapies: Insights From an Analysis of the REPRIEVE Trial Cohort. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - P3 | "the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) is ideally suited to evaluate the role of ABC and the TFV backbones, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Antiretroviral therapies with ABC backbones are associated with an increase in MACE compared to TFV backbones among people living with HIV at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk. NCT02344290."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Myocardial Infarction • CD4

Dolutegravir plus lamivudine downregulates cellular stress responses versus three-drug HIV Regimens. (PubMed, AIDS) - "Reducing NRTIs in DTG-based 2DR, particularly by omitting ABC or TAF/TDF, suggests decreased activation of stress response and immune-related pathways. Importantly, the functional capacity of circulating immune cells remains largely unchanged between 2DR and 3DR."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CXCL8 • IL17A • PMM2

Weight Change in Trial of Switching From Second-Line bPI to B/F/TAF in a Context of Food Insecurity (CROI 2025) - "At enrollment, 175 (60%) were taking lopinavir/r and 115 (40%) atazanavir/r; 226 (78%) were taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 51 (18%) zidovudine, and 13 (4%) abacavir; all were taking lamivudine or emtricitabine. In contrast, we observed weight loss in the standard of care group, which may have different clinical implications in settings with high rates of food insecurity. Understanding the implications of weight gain after stopping TDF is essential to guide global policies on TDF-sparing regimens."

Clinical

Viral Suppression 12 Months After Switch to Dolutegravir by nRTI Backbone in Children/Adolescents (CROI 2025) - "Background The World Health Organization recommends dolutegravir (DTG) for treatment-experienced children and adolescents regardless of their viral load (VL). Conclusions In our cohort of ART-experienced children and adolescents who switched to DTG-based ART, 12-month VS rates were high, although below the 95% UNAIDS target; and were similar in those who switched their NRTI or continued abacavir or tenofovir. Further studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes such as DTG resistance and effects of low level viraemia."

Clinical • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Body Composition Changes in People With HIV Switching From or Maintaining TDF-Based Regimens (CROI 2025) - "Background Weight gain might occur in people with HIV (PWH) switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), but data regarding body composition are missing...In the switching groups, time 1 (T1) was the date of switching to TAF (group 2) or abacavir (ABC) and/or lamivudine (3TC)-based ART (group 3), while in PWH who maintained TDF (group 1) was the closest date to other two groups...Trends over time for BC changes among the groups is shown in Table 1. Conclusions After 2 years of follow-up, maintaining TDF was associated with decrease in BMI and total lean mass, suggesting that weight loss observed with TDF regimens might be related to unhealthy lean loss."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Kidney Dysfunction in Young People Living With HIV on Dolutegravir-Based Regimens in Kampala, Uganda (CROI 2025) - "Background Young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) are at increased risk of developing kidney abnormalities due to antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)...Chi-square tests were used to compare kidney function parameters of those on TDF/DTG vs DTG combined with either zidovudine or abacavir (other regimens)...While kidney function was largely within normal limits except creatinine which was higher among those on TDF/DTG, these findings raise concern. Longer-term follow-up is needed to understand whether YPLHIV on ART will develop chronic kidney disease as they age, and to elucidate risk factors for kidney disease progression that may be modifiable."

Chronic Kidney Disease • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease • CST3

Genotypic Resistance in the African Paediatric CHAPAS-4 Trial of Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy (CROI 2025) - "Background In the CHAPAS-4 trial of second-line antiretroviral therapy following NNRTI-based first-line, 96-week efficacy was superior for tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) vs standard-of-care (SOC: abacavir (ABC)/zidovudine (ZDV)), and for dolutegravir (DTG) vs ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r)/atazanavir (ATV/r)...Methods Randomisation was simultaneously to TAF vs ABC/ZDV, and DTG vs darunavir (DRV/r) vs LPV/r vs ATV/r...Intermediate/high-level resistance to anchor was: 0/29 LPV/r, 4% (1/26) ATV/r (1 TAF/FTC), 0/18 DRV/r and 22% (2/9) DTG (2 ZDV/3TC)...Three children on ZDV/3TC (2 DTG,1 LPV/r) developed new high-level emtricitabine/lamivudine (FTC/3TC) resistance (M184V)...W96 intermediate/high-level anchor drug resistance was uncommon, and as in second-line adult and paediatric trials, resistance to DTG only occurred in children taking ZDV. These results will inform second-line treatment guidelines for children."

Clinical • Pediatrics

Impact of ART Simplification With Dolutegravir and Lamivudine on the HIV Reservoir (CROI 2025) - "Methods Thirty-six people living with HIV, who received a triple therapy consisting of Dolutegravir (DTG), Abacavir (ABC) and Lamivudine (3TC) and had been fully suppressed for at least 2 years, were enrolled in a phase 3 randomised clinical trial. Conclusions Switching to DTG/3TC maintained plasma viral load suppression, didn't measurably impact HIV persistence markers in blood or tissue, and reduced systemic inflammation. These findings support the use of DTG/3TC in people living with HIV."

IO biomarker • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • CD38 • CD8 • IFNG • IL1B • IL6 • PD-1 • TIGIT • TNFA

Compound screening in human airway basal cells identifies Wnt pathway activators as potential pro-regenerative therapies. (PubMed, J Cell Sci) - "17 pro-proliferative compounds were validated in independent donor cell cultures, including the antiretroviral therapy abacavir and several Wnt signalling pathway activating compounds...Our results demonstrate the pro-proliferative effect of small-molecule Wnt pathway activators on airway basal cells. These findings contribute to the rationale to develop novel approaches to modulate Wnt signalling during airway epithelial repair."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

HIV Combination Drug Therapies: Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Abacavir, Dolutegravir, and Lamivudine in Rat Matrices in Support of Toxicology Studies. (PubMed, J Anal Toxicol) - "These data demonstrate that this simple and efficient method is suitable for quantitation of ABC, DTG, and 3TC in rat matrices generated from toxicology studies. The method can easily be adapted to other biological matrices and species (e.g., human)."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Unravelling the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in Belgium. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Pharmacol) - "This nationwide study demonstrates that in a country where the prescribers have access to a relatively extensive list of reimbursable PGx tests, the implementation of PGx testing is shaped by the presence of endorsed evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, as well as organizational and logistical factors."

Biomarker • Journal • Oncology • DPYD

Efficacy and safety of switch to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide from dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine: Results from an open-label extension of a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, multicenter, active-controlled, non-inferiority study. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - P3 | "Switching to B/F/TAF from DTG/ABC/3TC was associated with continued high rates of virologic suppression up to week 168, with no treatment-emergent resistance. B/F/TAF was well tolerated throughout the study period."

Clinical • Head-to-Head • Journal • P3 data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Medical policy determinations for pharmacogenetic tests among US health plans. (PubMed, Am J Manag Care) - "We found significant variability in medical policy determinations and evidence cited for clinically relevant PGx tests among major US health insurers and LBMs. A collaborative effort between payers and the PGx community to standardize evidence evaluation may lead to more consistent coverage and improve patient access to PGx tests meeting evidence requirements."

Biomarker • HEOR • Journal • HLA-B

Pharmacogenetic Testing in the Outpatient Setting in Switzerland: A Descriptive Study Using Swiss Claims Data. (PubMed, Drug Saf) - "In Switzerland, personalized pharmacotherapy has the potential to be improved, as only 0.09% of the studied population underwent PGx testing, despite 77.4% claiming PGx drugs."

Biomarker • Journal

Development and Validation of a Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Sensor for Abacavir Quantification via Fluorescence Quenching. (PubMed, Anal Biochem) - "The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines demonstrating excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and selectivity making it suitable for the quantification of abacavir in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. The method also demonstrated higher sensitivity and more environmentally friendly characteristics when compared to previously reported chromatographic techniques, showcasing the potential of GQDs as a superior alternative for the traditional detection approaches of pharmaceutical compounds."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Viremia Does Not Independently Predict Cardiovascular Disease in People With HIV: A RESPOND Cohort Study. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "We first analyzed the associations between 6 measures of viremia (time-updated, before antiretroviral therapy [ART], viremia category, and measures of cumulative viremia) and CVD after adjusting for the variables in the D:A:D CVD score (age, sex/gender, smoking, family history, diabetes, recent abacavir, CD4 count, blood pressure, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, cumulative use of stavudine, didanosine, indinavir, lopinavir, and darunavir). In this large international cohort, HIV viremia was not associated with CVD when adjusting for established risk factors. Our results did not show viremia to be predictive of CVD among people with HIV."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • CD4

Pharmacogenetics of the Treatment of Neglected Diseases. (PubMed, Genes (Basel)) - "PGx tests such as abacavir are already implemented in some places, and efavirenz/atazanavir is ready to implement if this medication is used. Other gene-drug associations were found but still do not present a clear recommendation. We call attention to the need to generate more evidence for testing treatments for other neglected diseases, such as malaria and tuberculosis, given their epidemiological importance and for the public health of less favored populations."

Biomarker • Journal • Review • Gene Therapies • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • NAT2

Pharmacokinetics of Generic Pediatric Abacavir/Lamivudine Dispersible Tablets in Thai Young Children Living With HIV Weighing Below Twenty Kilograms. (PubMed, Pediatr Infect Dis J) - "Twenty-eight Thai children were enrolled and received ABC/3TC-DT plus pediatric dolutegravir-DT once daily. ABC and 3TC exposures were within target ranges across WBs. These data supported current ABC/3TC-DT WHO-weight band dosing guidance for young children in Thailand."

Journal • PK/PD data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Molecular docking to investigate HLA-associated idiosyncratic drug reactions. (PubMed, Drug Metab Rev) - "We provide a comprehensive overview of risk HLA alleles associated with IDRs, followed by a discussion of the utility and limitations of commonly used molecular docking tools in simulating complex molecular interactions within the HLA binding pocket.Through examples, including the binding of abacavir to HLA-B*57:01, carbamazepine to HLA-B*15:02, and allopurinol to HLA-B*58:01, we demonstrate how docking analyses can provide insights into the drug and HLA allele-specificity of adverse events. Furthermore, the use of molecular docking to screen drugs with unknown IDR liability is examined, targeting either multiple HLA variants or a single specific variant. Despite multiple challenges, molecular docking presents a promising toolkit for investigating drug-HLA interactions and understanding IDR mechanisms, with significant implications for preemptive HLA typing and safer drug development."

Journal • Review • Hepatology • Liver Failure • HLA-B

Cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, J Infect Public Health) - "However, there was no statistical significance associated with HIV-specific factors (abacavir use, efavirenz use, and CD4 nadir, etc.). The CVD incidence rate was high among PLWH, with risk factors including both conventional CVD risk factors and HCV infection. There is an urgent need for more high-quality research to better understand the effects of HIV progression and drug use."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • CD4

Long-term effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir/lamivudine in treatment-naive people with HIV: an analysis of a multicentre cohort at 96 weeks. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "Among treatment-naive people with HIV from this large multicentre cohort, DTG/3TC had similar effectiveness and better persistence and tolerability than those of the most frequently prescribed first-line regimens at 96 weeks."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: A crossover clinical trial. (PubMed, Dev Med Child Neurol) - P2 | "There is insufficient evidence that ABC or 3TC is either effective or ineffective in reducing type I IFN signalling in AGS over 6 weeks. The effect of ABC + 3TC + AZT at 3 weeks supports data from a previous clinical trial of the effect of ABC + 3TC + AZT in reducing type I IFN signalling, although there was insufficient evidence of an effect at 6 weeks. Time to local research and development (R&D) approval, and to sponsor authorization after R&D approval, severely limited patient recruitment."

Journal • Aicardi Goutieres Syndrome • Genetic Disorders • IFNA1