allopurinol / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Luteolin phospholipid complexes improves the bioavailability of luteolin and exhibits potent protection and high safety in mice with gouty nephropathy. (PubMed, Nat Prod Res) - "In a gouty nephropathy mouse model, Lut-PC effectively reduced uric acid, offered stronger renoprotection than Lut, and had better safety than allopurinol. Thus, phospholipid complexation is a promising method for improving Lut properties, with potential pharmaceutical applications, particularly for gouty nephropathy treatment."

Journal • Preclinical • Renal Disease

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in an HIV-Infected Patient. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but potentially fatal cutaneous adverse drug reactions, mediated by type IV hypersensitivity mechanisms triggered by medications such as antibiotics, antiepileptics, allopurinol, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)...Management demands a multidisciplinary approach focusing on supportive care and infection prevention, with emerging evidence supporting immunomodulatory therapies like cyclosporine and combined intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. This case report describes a 36-year-old HIV-positive man who developed carbamazepine-induced TEN...This case highlights the increased risk of severe cutaneous adverse reactions in HIV-positive patients. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential for improved outcomes."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 5 Diagnosed Following Motor Vehicle Accident (ENDO 2025) - "This case highlights the importance of considering HNF1B mutations in patients with diabetes and kidney cysts, as well as the need to assess uric acid and magnesium levels once the diagnosis is made. While insulin therapy is often necessary, this patient showed improvement with a management plan focused on lifestyle modifications."

Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Nephrology • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Beyond Hypoglycemia: Type I Glycogen Storage Disease with Endocrine, Hematologic, and Renal Involvement (ENDO 2025) - "At 14, she had an acute gout episode and was started on allopurinol...At 17, she developed neck swelling, and a private physician diagnosed autoimmune hypothyroidism with positive thyroid antibodies, initiating levothyroxine at 50 mcg daily.Following her first consultation in the Endocrinology department, a FreeStyle Libre sensor was placed for 14 days, revealing the following metrics: mean glucose of 90 mg/dL, time in range 74%, high 0%, low 26%, very low 0%, with a total of 23 hypoglycemic events...Treatment with losartan and empagliflozin was initiated.Given the clinical course and histopathological findings, the patient was reclassified as having type I glycogen storage disease. An increased prevalence of autoimmune hypothyroidism has been reported in GSD type I, along with qualitative von Willebrand factor abnormalities and glomerulosclerosis, which rarely present as overt nephrotic syndrome.She remains under multidisciplinary management and has been referred for..."

Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Fibrosis • Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis • Glomerulonephritis • Gout • Hematological Disorders • Hemophilia • Hepatology • Hypertriglyceridemia • Hypoglycemia • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Nephrology • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology

Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate treatment on boxer Leishmania infantum skin lesions: case report. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci) - "The dog underwent a therapeutic protocol consisting of miltefosine (Milteforan™ - Virbac®) (2 mg/Kg b.w. per os) for 28 days and allopurinol 300 mg (10 mg/Kg b.w. po) for 6 months...The subsequent antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy based on amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (12.5 mg/kg b.w. po for 15 days), metronidazole (75000UI + 12.5 mg po for 15 days), and prednisone (0.5 mg/kg b.w. po for 10 days) failed to be effective; thus, the lesion worsened and also spread to the dorsal femoral surface of both hind limbs, presenting as blackish, swollen, painful, alopecic and oozing bloody and purulent material...Interestingly, the experimental localized treatment with Glucantime® proved to be crucial in counteracting Leishmania skin lesions. The results obtained suggest that, through an appropriate diagnosis, it is possible to define targeted and effective therapeutic protocols useful in the management of canine leishmaniasis."

Journal • Dermatology • Infectious Disease • Pain

Exploring the urate lowering properties of Erigeron annuus Lin. and phytosterol contributions: In vitro assays and in silico approaches. (PubMed, Steroids) - "The hexane fraction of E. annuus demonstrated potent XO inhibitory activity, highlighting its potential as a source for developing herbal treatments for hyperuricemia and gout. The study validates traditional use and supports the pharmacophore hypothesis, suggesting that structural optimization of the sterol nucleus could enhance therapeutic efficacy."

Journal • Preclinical • Gout • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatology

Anesthetic Considerations in Allopurinol-Induced DRESS Requiring Liver Transplant: A Case Report (ASA 2025) - "He was listed as a Status 1a and successfully underwent a deceased donor transplant. Here, we focus on the anesthetic considerations in managing a patient with DRESS syndrome during liver transplantation."

Case report • Clinical • Anesthesia • Eosinophilia • Gout • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Liver Failure • Rheumatology • Transplantation

Management of Allopurinol Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Anesthesia Practice at an Academic Medical Center (ASA 2025) - "This included trialing manual ventilation before transitioning to HFPV. Additional perioperative anesthetic considerations included airway management, anesthetic drug dosing, and fluid and nutrition management."

Anesthesia • Diabetes • Gout • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Steven-Johnson Syndrome • Thermal Injury

Efficacy of different dosages of common uric acid-lowering medications in gout patients: a network meta-analysis of randomized control trials. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "Studies comparing the efficacy of febuxostat, allopurinol, benzbromarone, and topixostat with placebo were searched up to March 2024. It can effectively help gout patients reduce SUC levels. Researchers should pay attention to the safety of drug doses."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Gout • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatology

Gouty Arthritis Treatment: Advancements in Topical Lipid-Based Nanocarrier Delivery Systems. (PubMed, Adv Pharm Bull) - "The standard treatment currently available involves the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, allopurinol, febuxostat, and corticosteroids which require lifelong management via oral or parenteral route. Lipid-based nanocarriers present a potential strategy specifically for topical gout therapy as this can offer localized therapy with minimal systemic exposure. Even though lipid-based nanocarriers show promise for gout topical therapy, several issues that need to be looked after, including economically viable scalability and regulatory approvals."

Journal • Review • Dermatology • Gout • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Pain • Rheumatology

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Independent and Synergistic Drivers of SJS/TEN: A FAERS-Based Analysis. (PubMed, medRxiv) - "ICI increases SJS-TEN risk among patients exposed to allopurinol (OR, 4.35; 95% CI, 3.12-6.06) and TMP-SMX (OR, 5.68; 95% CI, 4.05-7.95) with the same covariates. ICI-exposed patients also showed significantly delayed onset compared to non-exposed cases.Meaning: These findings suggest that ICIs directly contribute to SJS/TEN, likely both as a direct cause and through mechanistic synergy with antigenic small molecule drugs. These findings underscore the need for heightened vigilance when combining ICIs with high-risk medications and for recognizing atypical, delayed presentations."

Checkpoint inhibition • Journal • Oncology • Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Solvation and aggregation of heteroaromatic drugs in the Reline deep eutectic solvent - a combined molecular dynamics simulation and DFT study. (PubMed, Phys Chem Chem Phys) - "Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) analyses were carried out on the solubilization of the heteroaromatic drugs allopurinol, losartan, and omeprazole in reline, which is a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride/urea in 1 : 2 molar ratio. DFT-calculated dimers of the drug molecules are stabilized by π-stacking with energies ranging from -10 (allopurinol) to -32 kcal mol-1 (losartan) and show interplanar distances ranging from 0.36 to 0.47 nm. Our observations might pave the way for designing optimized DES for drug delivery."

Journal

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol preserves cardiac function after experimental malocclusion induced by occlusal disharmony in mice. (PubMed, J Physiol Sci) - "These changes were also suppressed by allopurinol. Our results suggest that oxidative stress might play an important role in the development of cardiac dysfunction, and further indicate that allopurinol is protective against BO-induced cardiac dysfunction."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Immunology

Kidney Stones: Pathogenesis and Treatment: Fluid and Electrolyte Challenges in Nephrology: from Bench to Bedside (KSN 2025) - "Medical expulsive therapy, primarily using α-blockers like tamsulosin, can aid the passage of small distal ureteral stones (Ferket et al., 2015)...Increased fluid intake (>2–2.5 L urine/day), dietary modifications (low sodium, moderate calcium intake), and pharmacologic therapies such as thiazide diuretics, potassium citrate, or allopurinol are essential strategies (Pearle et al., 2014)...2014; 192(2):316-324. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.006"

Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pain • Renal Calculi • Urolithiasis

Outcomes in Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Prescribed Urate-Lowering Therapy: A Propensity-Matched Study. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Three ULTs, allopurinol, febuxostat, and rasburicase, were studied individually. There appear to be some ULT-specific relationships that warrant further exploration. These findings could be related to the electrolyte disturbances and end-organ dysfunction of MM being compounded by those of gout. Further research should be conducted to elucidate any relationship between these diagnoses."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Gout • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Musculoskeletal Pain • Nephrology • Oncology • Pain • Renal Disease • Rheumatology • Ventricular Tachycardia

Effectiveness of Allopurinol on Uric Acid and Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Severity in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. (PubMed, Kidney Med) - "Observational study designed for comparative effectiveness and relatively small sample size; effectiveness of allopurinol initiated at lower levels of uric acid could not be estimated. Allopurinol was effective at significantly lowering serum uric acid in children with CKD but was not associated with CKD progression measured by longitudinal eGFR and proteinuria."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Pediatrics • Renal Disease

Correlation of Plasma and Urine 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine and Adenine and Clinical Characteristics in Individuals With Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency. (PubMed, J Inherit Metab Dis) - "Treatment with the xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors allopurinol and febuxostat reduces DHA production. Treatment with XOR inhibitors effectively reduces the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of DHA. The strong correlation between plasma DHA and eGFR, combined with the lack of correlation between plasma DHA and urine DHA/Cr ratio in untreated individuals, suggests that plasma DHA may be a more reliable marker of systemic DHA burden."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Calculi • Renal Disease

On paper; in practice: measuring compliance with official pricing policies in a large field study of essential medicines in Indonesia. (PubMed, J Pharm Policy Pract) - "Five essential medicines (allopurinol, amlodipine, amoxicillin, cefixime, dexamethasone) were purchased from randomly selected health facilities, retail pharmacies and online outlets in Indonesia. Rules restricting permitted MRPs for unbranded generics, irrational since their inception, while they never set any limits at all on the price of branded medicines. This showed not enough evidence that the policy contributed to its objective of ensuring affordability."

Compliance • Journal • Pricing

Gout Management in Patients With CKD. (PubMed, Am J Kidney Dis) - "While limitations or exclusions of some treatment options are warranted, others that are traditionally followed, such as the doses used for urate lowering therapies like allopurinol or febuxostat, may lead to undertreatment of gout...While there is a potential role of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in lowering serum urate, it is limited in chronic kidney disease. Lastly, the use of immunomodulators to improve outcomes for pegloticase, a pegylated form of uricase, show promise for increasing the utility of pegloticase in cases where it is warranted."

Journal • Review • Chronic Kidney Disease • Gout • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Rheumatology • Transplantation • HLA-B

Tumor Lysis Syndrome. (PubMed, Emerg Med Clin North Am) - "Management is dependent on severity but often includes acute stabilization, aggressive hydration, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, and uric acid-lowering medications, such as rasburicase and allopurinol. TLS carries high morbidity and mortality risk making prevention through intravenous hydration and prophylactic medications the best management strategy."

Journal • Review • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease

A critical role for gastric xanthine oxidoreductase in the formation of S-nitrosothiols and blood pressure responses to nitrite in rats. (PubMed, Redox Biol) - "To test this hypothesis, rats pretreated with the XOR inhibitor allopurinol (100 mg/kg, by gavage, or vehicle) were treated with N⍵-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; 60 mg/kg, i.v.) to induce acute hypertension, and received sodium nitrite (1, 5, and 15 mg/kg) in the stomach or in the duodenum...These results suggest a critical interaction between XOR activity and gastric acidity in mediating RSNO formation and the cardiovascular effects of oral nitrite. These results may help to design better oral nitrite therapeutic formulations."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders

Assessment of drug induced hyperuricemia and gout risk using the FDA adverse event reporting system. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Among the hyperuricemia-related reports, telaprevir was the most frequently implicated drug, whereas lenalidomide ranked highest in the gout-related reports...Specifically, peginterferon alfa-2b was found to be an independent risk factor for drug-induced hyperuricemia, while 20 drugs-including pegloticase, febuxostat, allopurinol, rofecoxib, and furosemide-were identified as independent risk factors for drug-induced gout...Furthermore, key independent risk factors-including sex, age, and specific drugs-were identified through machine learning and multivariate analysis. These findings provide valuable insights for pharmacovigilance and clinical medication management."

Adverse events • Journal • Gout • Inflammatory Arthritis • Rheumatology

Allopurinol use predicts lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease-a prospective cohort study. (PubMed, Clin Kidney J) - "This was a post-hoc analysis of 1970 participants of the CAN AIM to PREVENT who had pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease and were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy or febuxostat. Allopurinol use predicted lower total and especially LDL cholesterol independently of serum urate in this cohort of patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Future studies could investigate underlying mechanisms, evaluate clinical implications, and confirm these findings in this and other populations."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Dyslipidemia • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Allopurinol Can Cause Severe Skin Reactions and Multi-Organ Involvement. (PubMed, Dtsch Arztebl Int) - No abstract available

Journal

PEPC3: Uric Acid, Klotho and Salt Sensitivity in Young Adults Born Preterm (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=120 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Jun 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • CST3 • FGF23