aminophylline / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Neurotoxicity in Pediatric ALL: Methotrexate-Associated Risk Factors, Management, and Outcomes (ASPHO 2025) - "All received Leucovorin and Dextromethorphan, with aminophylline (10%) or antiepileptic therapy (30%) added for severe cases... Our findings highlight the diverse neurotoxic presentations of methotrexate in high-risk B-cell ALL patients, with symptoms typically emerging within a week of administration, with 40% in interim maintenance I and given with high-dose MTX. Early intervention with Leucovorin and Dextromethorphan, supplemented by additional therapies for severe cases, was effective in symptom resolution. Future lumbar punctures with IT Cytarabine and Hydrocortisone may mitigate recurrent neurotoxicity; however, due to a 10% rate of CNS relapse, we revisited our practice and are opting for future IT dosing strategies to re-challenge with IT methotrexate."

Clinical • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatology • Leukemia • Mucositis • Oncology • Pediatrics

AARC and PALISI Clinical Practice Guideline: Pediatric Critical Asthma. (PubMed, Respir Care) - "We suggest the use of either dexamethasone or methylprednisolone (or an equivalent dose of prednisone/prednisolone) for children treated for critical asthma...We suggest the use of a dedicated protocol or pathway for managing children treated for critical asthma. (Conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence)."

Clinical guideline • Journal • Asthma • Immunology • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Shock- No Cap (ATS 2025) - "Despite aggressive pressor support, fluids, albumin, hydroxocobalamin, methylene blue and steroids, he remained hypotensive. Many cases involve the presence of paraproteinemia and preceding flu-like illness which plays an unknown role in the disease. There is no definitive treatment for it although case reports have shown improvement with IVIG and terbutaline/aminophylline after fluid resuscitation during the acute phase."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Metabolic Disorders • Monoclonal Gammopathy • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Reduction In Copd Exacerbations Following Initiation Of Benralizumab Among Patients With Asthma And Concomitant Copd: Results From The Zephyr-5 Study (ATS 2025) - "COPD exacerbations were assessed during the baseline and follow-up periods, and were classified as either 1) moderate, defined as an outpatient COPD visit accompanied by a filled prescription for a course of theophylline, aminophylline, or an oral corticosteroid or oral antibiotic within 7 days of the outpatient visit, or 2) severe, defined as a COPD or related respiratory hospitalization. Patients with severe asthma and concomitant COPD treated with benralizumab demonstrated meaningful reductions in the rate of COPD exacerbations, inclusive of severe events, in a real-world setting. The largest reductions were observed among patients with the highest eosinophil levels."

Clinical • Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Respiratory Diseases

Assessing Tocolytic Potency: Variability and Accuracy of AUC Versus Amplitude-Based Assessment of Pregnant Human Myometrial Contractions Ex Vivo. (PubMed, Reprod Sci) - "To do this, pregnant human myometrial strips (term, not-in-labor) were treated with cumulative concentrations of the contraction-blocking agents, nifedipine (NIF), indomethacin (IND), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), glycyl-h-1152 (GH), aminophylline (AMP), or rolipram (ROL)). Our experimental data indicate that when determining tocolytic potency, assessment of ex vivo contraction traces via AUC is more accurate and consistent than assessment via amplitude alone. Our study finds that whilst tocolytics that increase contraction frequency (while decreasing amplitude) can be assessed by either AUC or amplitude-based determination, tocolytics that either significantly reduce or largely do not affect contraction frequency should only be analyzed via AUC."

Journal • Preclinical

Noninvasive Respiratory Support for Pediatric Critical Asthma and Urine Albuterol Levels: A Prospective Cohort Study (PAS 2025) - "No differences were detected among the NRS-interface cohorts (BiPAP, HFNC, and SM) in regard to age, weight, demographics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute chronic asthma severity, admission Pediatric Asthma Severity Score, frequency of adjunct asthma interventions (i.e., ketamine, terbutaline, aminophylline, magnesium, epinephrine, and heliox), systemic corticosteroids, mean albuterol dose (15.1±4.2 mg vs 13.3±2.9 mg vs 16.7±3.8 mg), mean continuous albuterol duration (1.8±1.2 days vs 0.9±0.6 days vs 1.1±0.9 days), mean length of stay (4.4±2.1 days vs 2.5±0.7 days vs 2.6±1.9 days), or frequency of mortality, pneumothorax, or invasive ventilation. Of 55 children studied during an interim analysis, continuous albuterol was administered to 18 (32.7%) via BiPAP, 3 (5.5%) via HFNC, and 34 (61.8%) via SM. For the BiPAP group, mean inspiratory PAP was 13.4±2.6 cmH2O and expiratory PAP was 6.9±1.4 cmH2O. For the..."

Clinical • Non-invasive • Asthma • Immunology • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases

Risk factors associated with escalation of care in hospitalized patients with asthma (PAS 2025) - "Our primary outcome was EOT, defined as transfer to the ICU, respiratory support or need for adjunctive therapy including epinephrine, terbutaline, aminophylline, theophylline, Heliox, magnesium sulfate or methylprednisolone after first day of admission. A total of 91,121 encounters and 70,049 patients were included with 15,796 (17.34%) encounters requiring EOT (Table 1). In the adjusted model (Table 2), males compared to females and spring compared to summer admissions had lower odds of EOT (aOR=0.92 p< 0.001; aOR=0.93 [0.87, 0.98], respectively). Each additional year of age (aOR 1.04 [1.03, 1.04] p < 0.001) and having at least 1 CCC increased odds of EOT."

Clinical • Asthma • Immunology • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases

Exploring the Combined Use of Terbutaline/Aminophylline for Management of Pediatric Status Asthmaticus: A Single Center Retrospective Chart Review (PAS 2025) - "Those included were compared to a matched control group. Ongoing quantitative data analysis including logistic regression is occurring."

Retrospective data • Review • Asthma • Immunology • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases

Decoding Xanthine Derivatives: Advanced Analytical, Extraction, and Quantification Techniques in Pharma and Biofluids - A Comprehensive Review. (PubMed, Crit Rev Anal Chem) - "Xanthine derivatives, such as bamifylline hydrochloride (BMFH), theophylline (THP), aminophylline (AMI), and diprophylline (DPH), are potent adenosine-receptor antagonists widely used in managing respiratory disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cardiac asthma due to their cardiovascular and diuretic properties...This review refines analytical methods for xanthine derivatives to enhance their clinical and research applications. Future directions include developing high-throughput, automated techniques and expanding the bioanalytical profiling of underexplored derivatives like BMFH and AMI."

Journal • Review • Asthma • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Jiangqi Dingchuan Pill Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis and Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Rat Model. (PubMed, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis) - "Rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8), ie, a sham group, a COPD-control group, two COPD groups treated with different doses of JDP (1.26 and 2.52 g/kg/d, respectively), and one COPD group treated with aminophylline (54 mg/kg/d)...This study explored the effects and its mechanisms of JDP in COPD treatment. JDP exhibited therapeutic potential as a COPD intervention drug."

Journal • Preclinical • Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IL1B • MMP9 • TNFA

A randomised feasibility tolerability study of aminophylline for the prevention of preterm labour. (PubMed, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth) - P1 | "The addition of aminophylline to the SoC is acceptable to women at high-risk of sPTL confirming that a randomised trial of aminophylline to reduce preterm delivery in women at high-risk of PTL is feasible."

Clinical • Journal

PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR PREVENTING POST-DURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (IARS-SOCCA 2025) - "Pooling trials comparing intravenous dexamethasone vs. placebo, there was no evidence of a difference in CPPD outcomes (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.08) (11 RCTs, 2244 participants) (Very low certainty of the evidence) (4–14)...Polling trials comparing intravenous ondansetron vs. placebo, there was no evidence of differences (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.09) (4 RCTs, 620 participants) (Very low certainty of the evidence) (25,27–29) (Table 1)...Comparisons with two available RCTs: When comparing oral pregabalin vs. placebo, there was a reduction in the number of participants affected by PDPH (20,21).Comparisons with a single individual available RCT: These interventions reduced incidence of PDPH in a single RCT: Intravenous propofol (22); Epidural Morphine (23); Intravenous Caffeine (24); Oral Magnesium (25); Intravenous Magnesium (26); Intravenous Cosyntropin (27); Intravenous Neostigmine and Atropine (28); Spinal Dexamethasone vs. Spinal Normal Saline (29).Half of the..."

Review • CNS Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Laryngospasm During Anesthesia in Emergency Surgery for Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case Report. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep) - "Treatment with subcutaneous epinephrine, nebulized morphine, and aminophylline successfully restored her airway, allowing the surgery to proceed without further complications. It highlights the need for anesthesiologists to remain vigilant and respond swiftly to early signs of airway obstruction. The report underscores the value of teamwork and timely intervention in managing emergencies to ensure patient safety and prevent life-threatening outcomes."

Journal • Anesthesia • Asthma • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Obesity • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

A 20-year-old Female With ALL Presenting With Fluctuating Neurological Symptoms (AAN 2025) - "Objective: To expand the knowledge of presentation, imaging and potential therapies of Methotrexate induced leukoencephalopathy (MTX-LE).Background:A 20-year-old female with recently diagnosed ALL developed lower limb weakness and numbness seven days after receiving the fourth dose of intrathecal MTX...Thus, drugs like leucovorin, aminophylline, and dextromethorphan have been used to successfully treat MTX-LE and reverse its effect...Chemotherapy, mainly MTX, can cause acute neurotoxicity leading to a condition called MTX-induced leukoencephalopathy. It can manifest with focal symptoms, stroke-like events, seizures, or encephalopathy. Diagnosis is supported by brain MRI showing areas of restricted diffusion in the centrum semiovale."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

The Use of Caffeine Citrate in the Management of Neonatal Apnea in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review. (PubMed, Health Sci Rep) - "Our findings demonstrated that caffeine citrate, compared to aminophylline, had fewer adverse effects. Caffeine may be a preferred option in managing AOP in LMICs. However, high drug prices and lack of availability of caffeine may be factors limiting its use in these settings."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Diabetes

TRANSIENT ANISOCORIA DUE TO SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA IN A CHILD WITH STATUS ASTHMATICUS (SCCM 2025) - "Despite various ventilation strategies and maximal medical management with continuous albuterol, steroids, aminophylline, magnesium, ketamine, epinephrine and sevoflurane, the decision was made to provide VV ECMO support due to continued hypercarbia and rising lactate...A complete review did not reveal any parasympathetic agent (i.e. ipratropium bromide) at the outside hospital that could have inadvertently affected pupillary exam...Trauma, inflammation or irritation to neck and lung apex area including pneumomediastinum have been reported to cause anisocoria due to proximity of the superior cervical ganglion. We believe the most likely cause of unilateral mydriasis was severe emphysema in the cervical region and/or mediastinum."

Clinical • Asthma • Immunology • Inflammation • Mood Disorders • Ophthalmology • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

SEVERE METHOTREXATE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN A HISPANIC ADOLESCENT GIRL WITH B-ALL (SCCM 2025) - "She received dextromethorphan, aminophylline, and leucovorin rescue with no improvement...Dexmedetomidine was used to manage these episodes while maintaining a natural airway along with enteral clonidine, methadone, and diazepam...The use of dexmedetomidine over other agents mitigated agitation without decreasing respiratory drive, preventing the need for intubation and possible ICU morbidities, which are implicated in the morbidity of patients with severe MTX-induced neurotoxicity. This case also contributes to growing literature that suggests a potential increased risk of MTX-induced neurotoxicity in Hispanic patients."

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Oncology • Pediatrics

A LAST-DITCH EFFORT: GLYCOPYRROLATE INFUSION FOR REFRACTORY BRADYARRHYTHMIA (SCCM 2025) - "His TSH was 60.51 with an undetectable T4 and he was treated as a case of myxedema coma with IV levothyroxine...Treatment attempts with Dopamine, Isoproterenol, Albuterol, Epinephrine, Aminophylline, and scopolamine patches failed to resolve the bradyarrhythmia...Given the lack of literature, further studies investigating novel pharmacological agents in the management of bradyarrhythmia should be considered, specifically in the critical care setting. To our knowledge this is the first attempt to utilize glycopyrrolate drip for refractory bradyarrhythmia in a non-operative setting."

Cardiovascular • Endocrine Disorders

Pediatric Critical Asthma: Clinical Practice Guidelines (SCCM 2025) - "Speakers will discuss the American Association for Respiratory Care/Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators pediatric critical asthma guidelines; a definition of pediatric critical asthma; and guidance for pharmacologic, respiratory, and systems management. Learning Objectives: Explore the pediatric critical asthma guidelines development process and the definition of pediatric critical asthma Identify initial management on presentation of pediatric critical asthma Compare adjunct pharmacologic therapies available for pediatric critical asthma, such as IV magnesium, aminophylline, and IV beta-agonists Compare respiratory support therapies available to treat pediatric critical asthma and the utility of protocols, especially respiratory therapy-driven therapies, in managing patients with pediatric critical asthma"

Clinical • Clinical guideline • Acute Lung Injury • Asthma • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Repeated-Dose Toxicity of Lauric Acid and Its Preventive Effect Against Tracheal Hyper-Responsiveness in Wistar Rats with Possible In Silico Molecular Targets. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "LA at 100 mg/kg has low toxicity, prevents hyper-responsiveness in an asthma model in rats, and acts as a multitarget compound with a good affinity for proteins related to airway hyper-responsiveness."

Journal • Preclinical • Asthma • Immunology • Inflammation • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • NOS3

Aminophylline targets miR-128-3p/Slc7a11 axis to attenuate neuronal ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury. (PubMed, Cell Mol Life Sci) - "Gain-of-function experiments showed that overexpressing miR-128-3p increases neuronal ferroptosis by targeting Slc7a11, indicating how AMP mitigates cognitive and motor impairments in CCI mice. This study highlights the potential of AMP in treating TBI through the miR-128-3p/Slc7a11 pathway, marking the first report of its protective effects against ferroptosis in TBI."

Journal • Bronchiectasis • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Vascular Neurology • MIR128 • SLC7A11

Intra-ureteric Aminophylline Instillation on Flexible Ureteroscopy Procedure (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=129 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Ain Shams University

New trial • Renal Calculi

An mTOR inhibitor discovery system using drug-sensitized yeast. (PubMed, Geroscience) - "Inhibition of the target of rapamycin (TOR/mTOR) protein kinase by the drug rapamycin extends lifespan and health span across diverse species...In contrast, 100 nM Torin1 and 500 nM GSK2126458 (omipalisib) are sufficient to identify TOR1-dependent growth inhibition in the drug-sensitized background...Additionally, for the TOR inhibitor AZD8055, the drug-sensitive system resolves that the compound results in TOR1-dependent growth sensitivity at 100 µM, whereas no growth inhibition is observed in a wild-type yeast strain background. Our platform also identifies the caffeine analog aminophylline as a TOR1-dependent growth inhibitor via selective tor1 growth sensitivity. We also tested nebivolol, isoliquiritigenin, canagliflozin, withaferin A, ganoderic acid A, and taurine and found no evidence for TOR inhibition using our yeast growth-based model. Our results demonstrate that this system is highly effective at identifying compounds that inhibit the TOR..."

Journal • Oncology

Combined approach of nanoemulgel and microneedle pre-treatment as a topical anticellulite therapy. (PubMed, ADMET DMPK) - "This skin deposition within the dermis was increased by applying the microneedling pen at varying lengths of 0.5, 1, and 2 mm as a skin pre-treatment. This combined approach of NEG formulation containing a triple therapy of caffeine, aminophylline, and tretinoin, along with MNs application, has the potential to serve as a topical anticellulite product, reducing cellulite formation and improving skin appearance."

Journal

Efficacy of Intra-Ureteric Aminophylline Installation After Failed Stone Accessibility by Semi-rigid Ureteroscopy. Prospective Trial (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=300 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Al-Azhar University

New trial