azathioprine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

SKIN CANCER SCREENING AND INCIDENCE IN IBD PATIENTS ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPIES AT THE PHOENIX VA HOSPITAL (DDW 2025) - "Among patients with skin cancer, 11 were treated with adalimumab (including 2 on combination therapy with azathioprine and methotrexate), 2 with vedolimzumab, 2 with 6-mercaptopurine, 2 with infliximab, 3 with ustekinumab, 1 with risankizumab, and 3 with azathioprine monotherapy. This project highlights a gap in skin cancer screening among IBD patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies at the Phoenix VA Hospital. Despite the increased risk, only 51% of patients received a yearly skin exam, and 15.6% of those examined were diagnosed with skin cancer. These findings underscore the need for proactive dermatologic screening to improve early detection and reduce the burden of skin cancer in this high-risk group."

Clinical • Basal Cell Carcinoma • Crohn's disease • Dermatology • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Non-melanoma Skin Cancer • Oncology • Skin Cancer • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Ulcerative Colitis

PREVALENCE OF EXTRAINTESTINAL CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN NON-WHITE PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT ANALYSIS (DDW 2025) - " In this retrospective cohort study, we used TriNetX, a healthcare database comprising over 119 million patients, to identify both White and non-White patients with a diagnosis of IBD who were prescribed at least one IBD-specific medication or advanced therapy including: Mesalamine, sulfasalazine, balsalazide, budesonide, azathioprine, methotrexate, 6-mercatopurine, infliximab, certolizumab, golimumab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, risankizumab, mirikizumab, guselkumab, etrasimod, and ozanimod. With the rise of IBD in non-White populations, the representation of CM of IBD in this population is significantly limited, underrecognized, and thus undertreated. Our results reveal increased prevalence of several CM in the non-White IBD patient population. Notably, hidradenitis suppurativa has been shown to be associated with IBD, however our study is one of the first to highlight that it is significantly increased in IBD patients who are..."

Retrospective data • Cognitive Disorders • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Herpes Zoster • Hidradenitis Suppurativa • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Psoriasis • Varicella Zoster • Vasculitis • Vitiligo

RISK FOR RECURRENT VTE IN IBD PATIENTS ON ANTICOAGULATION FOR JAK INHIBITORS COMPARED TO OTHER THERAPIES (DDW 2025) - "This population was then divided into patients who were prescribed a JAKi (tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis (UC) or upadacitinib for either UC or Crohn's disease) or other IBD-specific medications including: Mesalamine, sulfasalazine, balsalazide, budesonide, azathioprine, methotrexate, 6-mercatopurine, infliximab, certolizumab, golimumab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and risankizumab, mirikizumab, guselkumab, etrasimod, and ozanimod. IBD is associated with an increased risk of VTE. The evidence of recurrent VTE for patients with JAKi use is limited. Current disclaimers for JAKi emphasize risks of use in patients with history of VTE."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Ulcerative Colitis • Venous Thromboembolism

Vedolizumab Treatment in Adults with Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Disorders and Underlying Immunodeficiency (CIS 2025) - "Case 3: 49-year-old woman, CVID with autoimmune hepatitis and chronic severe colitis refractory to topical and oral corticosteroids and azathioprine...She is being considered for a subsequent treatment line with ustekinumab. Case 4: 51-year-old woman, persistent agammaglobulinemia after rituximab treatment for immune thrombocytopenia and multiple other autoimmune manifestations, WES pending... We observed a more favorable and sustained effect of vedolizumab on duodenal atrophy compared with colitis, emerging as a safe option for patients with immunodeficiency and enteropathy."

Clinical • Autoimmune Hepatitis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Primary Immunodeficiency • Thrombocytopenia • Thrombocytopenic Purpura

IMPACT OF BIOLOGIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ADMITTED WITH ACUTE CHOLANGITIS (DDW 2025) - "Patients were categorized based on whether they received biological therapy (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab, vedolizumab, natalizumab, or ustekinumab) or did not undergo such treatment...1:1 propensity score matching was applied for age, gender, race, tobacco and alcohol use, comorbidities, and concurrent medications, including azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, 5-ASA, and steroids... This study underscores the critical role of biologic therapy in improving clinical outcomes for IBD patients who develop acute cholangitis. Specifically, patients receiving biologics exhibited markedly better 30-day outcomes when compared to those who did not receive biologic treatment. Therefore, by modulating key inflammatory pathways, biologics offer a targeted therapeutic approach that addresses the underlying immune dysregulation driving both IBD and its hepatobiliary complications."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Myocardial Infarction • Nephrology • Pancreatitis • Pulmonary Embolism • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Ulcerative Colitis

The histological activity index is associated with disease severity and treatment response in patients with immune mediated liver injury from checkpoint inhibitors (EASL 2025) - "Suspect drugs included Ipilimumab/ nivolumab (24%), pembrolizumab (45%) and other ICIs (31%)...During follow-up, 92% received corticosteroids, 30% ursodiol, and 27% mycophenolate/ azathioprine; 34% had chronic DILI while 43% died but only 4% from liver failure... Moderate inflammation, hepatic steatosis and hepatic granulomas are common in ILICI patients. Patients with more severe histological inflammation have higher ALT, bilirubin and INR levels and are more likely to be refractory to corticosteroids. Going forward, liver biopsy data may help clinicians determine optimal management strategies for ILICI patients."

Checkpoint inhibition • Clinical • Cholestasis • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Oncology

PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING TRENDS AND OUTCOMES IN VETERANS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (DDW 2025) - "IBD medications in patients undergoing biopsy included mesalamine (n=4), infliximab and methotrexate (n=1), azathioprine (n=1), adalimumab (n=1), ustekinumab (n=1), and steroids (n=1). PCa was identified in 2.4% of male IBD patients undergoing PSA screening, which was performed in 74.2% of this cohort. No complications from biopsies or treatments were reported. Screening facilitated timely diagnosis and management without interruption to IBD management."

Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genito-urinary Cancer • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Oncology • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor • Ulcerative Colitis • Urology

Non-infectious uveitis: a multicenter study from Argentina. (PubMed, Int Ophthalmol) - "The most prevalent causes of uveitis were VKH and idiopathic uveitis, different from the etiologies observed in the United States and Europe."

Clinical • Journal • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Cataract • Idiopathic Arthritis • Immunology • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Rheumatology • Sarcoidosis • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis • Uveitis

Immunotherapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and rituximab. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "The study provides data comparing the efficacy of various off-label treatments in a Chinese NMOSD cohort, illustrating that RTX is more effective than traditional immunosuppressants in controlling NMOSD relapses and disease activity but no superiority in the time to the first relapse post-immunotherapy initiation. RTX and MMF may offer superior treatment alternatives for NMOSD patients compared to TAC and AZA."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder • Rare Diseases

Azathioprine Induced Transient Severe Aplastic Anemia (ASPHO 2025) - "Azathioprine induced aplastic anemia is relatively rare but known serious adverse effect. It causes a dose dependent cytotoxic or idiosyncratic myelosuppressive effect. Patients should be tested for TPMT and NUDT15 prior to initiating AZA therapy with close drug level and blood count monitoring."

Alopecia • Anemia • Aplastic Anemia • Autoimmune Hepatitis • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Fatigue • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • NUDT15

Potential Role of Upadacitinib in Cytomegalovirus Colitis Recurrence. (PubMed, Eur J Case Rep Intern Med) - "This case provides insights into managing cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related adverse effects in patients receiving Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.The risk of CMV disease, including CMV colitis, should be considered owing to lymphocyte reduction during upadacitinib treatment."

Journal • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Ulcerative Colitis

EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of autoimmune hepatitis. (PubMed, J Hepatol) - "The aim of these EASL guidelines is to provide updated guidance on the diagnosis and management of AIH both in adults and children. Updated guidance on the management of patients with variants and specific forms of AIH is also provided, as is detailed guidance on the management of AIH-associated cirrhosis, including surveillance for portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as liver transplantation in decompensated cirrhosis."

Clinical guideline • Journal • Autoimmune Hepatitis • Cardiovascular • Fibrosis • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Oncology • Portal Hypertension • Solid Tumor • Transplantation

High prevalence of HLA-B51 and ocular involvement in Behçet's disease: a multicenter cross-sectional study. (PubMed, Rheumatol Int) - "Most of these patients (n = 8, 89%) received corticosteroids, 5 (56%) received azathioprine, and 2 (22%) received anti-TNFa therapies...Notably, we found a high proportion of patients with positive HLA-B51 and ocular manifestation. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to better understand these associations."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Immunology • Musculoskeletal Pain • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pediatrics • Rare Diseases • Rheumatology • Uveitis • Vasculitis

THE RISK OF LYMPHOMA ASSOCIATED WITH ADVANCED THERAPIES FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (DDW 2025) - "This study aims to compare the incidence of lymphoma in IBD patients treated with Infliximab (IFX), Upadacitinib (UPA), and Vedolizumab (VDZ), both with and without the use of immunomodulators (IMM), including azathioprine (AZA) and/or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). This study emphasizes the increased risk of lymphoma associated with IMM exposure, irrespective of the advanced therapy used in conjunction or in tandem. This is contrary to the existing literature that the risk of incident lymphoma reverses after stopping immunomodulators. Additionally, the study also confirms the favorable safety profile of VDZ, IFX, and UPA monotherapies (in order of safety)."

Metastases • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Lymphoma • Oncology

IMPACT OF CROHN'S DISEASE AND REPEATED ABDOMINAL SURGERIES ON INFERTILITY: A CASE OF DIMINISHED OVARIAN RESERVE AND IVF FAILURE IN A 34-YEAR-OLD WOMAN (DDW 2025) - "Her Crohn's disease remains in remission on adalimumab and azathioprine. Holistic, patient-centered care, including early fertility counseling and psychosocial support, is essential for achieving success. Patient Consent Patient consent was obtained for publication, with details anonymized to protect privacy."

Clinical • Surgery • Crohn's disease • Endocrine Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Gynecology • Immunology • Infertility • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Sexual Disorders

Navigating Complexities: New Bronchiectasis Diagnosis in the Context of Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Emerging Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ATS 2025) - "Her symptoms and lung function improved with systemic corticosteroids, however she did not tolerate steroid taper nor did she respond to Azathioprine or Sirolimus...Upadacitinib has been effective for a broad array of inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and IBD...Interestingly, this patient had a period of improvement in her respiratory symptoms, chest imaging and lung function associated with a response to effective anti-inflammatory therapy. This suggests that when promptly addressed, some forms of bronchiectasis can demonstrate regression."

Atopic Dermatitis • Bronchiectasis • Cough • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Lymphoma • Oncology • Pancreatitis • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Solid Tumor • Thymoma • Thymus Cancer • Ulcerative Colitis • JAK1

A Case of Persistent Hemoptysis in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (ATS 2025) - "This atypical presentation along with lack of radiographic response on moderate to high dose steroids limited the ability to titrate immunosuppression but eventually Methotrexate and Adalimumab were initiated...The patient achieved stability on prednisone 10 mg and azathioprine 200 mg daily, with a follow-up CT showing improved pulmonary granulomas and no hemoptysis recurrence... This case highlights the challenges of managing sarcoidosis with recurrent, steroid-resistant hemoptysis and the need for an individualized tailored immunosuppressive approach. While hemoptysis doesn't appear to increase mortality in sarcoidosis, it may be a prognostic marker for further lung function decline, particularly in forced expiratory volume (FEV1). It emphasizes the importance of close monitoring and flexible treatment strategies in sarcoidosis patients with hemoptysis, especially in those at higher risk for adverse effects due to age or comorbidities."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Chronic Cough • CNS Disorders • Cough • Fibrosis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Oncology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Sarcoidosis

PROSECT RP: Open-Label, Pilot Study of Effectiveness of Immunomodulatory Medications for Patients With Relapsing Polychondritis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=20 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: University of Pennsylvania

New P2 trial

European Guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema: Living update. (PubMed, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol) - "The systemic treatment options discussed in the guideline comprise conventional immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, ciclosporin, glucocorticosteroids, methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil), biologics (dupilumab, lebrikizumab, nemolizumab and tralokinumab) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (abrocitinib, baricitinib and upadacitinib). Additionally, the updated guidelines address considerations for paediatric, adolescent, pregnant and breastfeeding patients. For all other aspects, please refer to the 2022 version."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Pediatrics

IMPACT OF CROHN'S DISEASE AND REPEATED ABDOMINAL SURGERIES ON INFERTILITY: A CASE OF DIMINISHED OVARIAN RESERVE AND IVF FAILURE IN A 34-YEAR-OLD WOMAN (SSAT 2025) - "Mild intrauterine adhesions were corrected via hysteroscopy.Her Crohn's disease remains in remission on adalimumab and azathioprine. Donor oocyte IVF provides a viable option for those with diminished ovarian reserve. Holistic, patient-centered care, including early fertility counseling and psychosocial support, is essential for achieving success.Patient ConsentPatient consent was obtained for publication, with details anonymized to protect privacy."

Clinical • Surgery • Crohn's disease • Endocrine Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Gynecology • Immunology • Infertility • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Sexual Disorders

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF BIOLOGICS AND SMALL MOLECULES IN CROHN'S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS (DDW 2025) - "As for maintenance of clinical remission, combination of infliximab and azathioprine ranked highest (78%) followed by mirikizumab (70%) and guselkumab (69%)...Secondary outcome analysis showed that upadacitinib (87%) ranked highest in induction of endoscopic remission followed by risankizumab (70%) and guselkumab (69%). As for maintenance of endoscopic remission, guselkumab (74%) ranked highest, followed by adalimumab (66%) and mirikizumab (63%)...This network meta-analysis showed that novel biologics such as mirikizumab, risankizumab and guselkumab ranked high in inducing clinical and endoscopic remission. This study highlights the role of novel biologic therapies as effective alternatives in patients with CD."

Retrospective data • Review • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Real World Evidence - Treatment Practices for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (ATS 2025) - "We extracted patient demographic data as of the Index Date; and the prescription date for the commonly used medications (prednisone, methotrexate, azathioprine, leflunomide, infliximab, adalimumab) for the Observation Period. Baseline patient characteristics were consistent with those of a population with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Treatment practices appeared to generally conform to guidelines, with occasional variances."

Clinical • HEOR • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Immunology • Rheumatology • Sarcoidosis

THE RISK OF MELANOMA ASSOCIATED WITH ADVANCED THERAPIES FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (DDW 2025) - "Among the treatment options available, Vedolizumab (VDZ) is recognized as one of the safest. This study aims to compare the incidence of melanoma in IBD patients treated with VDZ, Infliximab (IFX), or Upadacitinib (UPA), both with and without concomitant use of immunomodulators (IMM) such as azathioprine (AZA) and/or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)... Patients treated with IMM and/or IFX experienced a higher incidence of melanoma compared to other treatment groups. Treatment regimens including IFX were linked to relatively lower overall survival rates when compared to those involving VDZ or UPA alone."

Metastases • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

FREQUENCY OF BLOOD TEST MONITORING IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: WHAT IS SAFE? (DDW 2025) - "Medication use (5 amino-salicylic acid [5ASA], thiopurine (6-mercaptopurine [6MP], azathioprine [AZA]), biologic (adalimumab, infliximab), methotrexate [MTX]) and blood testing was recorded. IBD treatment associated hepatitis or myelosuppression is associated with thiopurine, and MTX use and is infrequent. The duration of testing required to identify a single hepatitis event is long, particularly after medication initiation is complete. We propose, after a six-month medication initiation period, blood test monitoring every six months is safe (rather than three-monthly), and more acceptable to patients."

Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: TNFi effectivity in a retrospective inception cohort. (PubMed, Clin Rheumatol) - "Our study contains the largest number of patients with data on the use of TNF-α inhibitors in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. We believe that our study will contribute to the development of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis treatment algorithms. Key Points • TNF-α inhibitors may be an alternative for refractory patients in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis."

Journal • Retrospective data • Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor