Calcineurin Inhibitors: Current Role, Toxicity Management, and Future Frontiers in Immunosuppression. (PubMed, Mol Neurobiol) - Dec 9, 2025 - "Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus and newer derivatives of cyclosporine such as voclosporin are calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), have a potent immunosuppressant effect...This necessitates the need of continuous monitoring of drug concentrations and management of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. This narrative review summarizes the mechanism(s), the current clinical application(s), the safety concern(s), and the future direction(s) of the safer and targeted use of CNIs."
Adverse events • Journal • Review • Atopic Dermatitis • Cardiovascular • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Glomerulonephritis • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lupus Nephritis • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Transplantation • IL2 • NFATC1
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Anwesha Bhattacharya; Arghya Bhattacharya; Ayush Mistry; Bikram Dhara; Daniel Ejim Uti; Fatma M El-Demerdash; Mohamed M Abdel-Daim; Mohammed A Kabsh; Mohammed Ali A Majrashi; Mohammed Kamal Nagshabandi; Mohanned Talal Alharbi; Moitri Mondal; Muyassar Khaled Tarabulsi; Soumik Bhattacharjee; Sruti Bagchi Ghosh
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